scholarly journals Non-Separable Household Model (Household Production and Consumption Decisions in A Market Failure)

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Household Production ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Household Model ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Model Household

scholarly journals POLA PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI RUMAHTANGGA TANI PENERIMA BANTUAN MODAL PRODUKSI TERNAK SAPI DI KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Christian Tangkere ◽  
S J.K Umboh ◽  
M A.V Manese ◽  
N M Santa
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Production And Consumption

THE PATTERN OF HOUSEHOLD FARMERS CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF BENEFICIARIES OF CAPITAL ASSISTANCE FOR CATTLE PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN TOMPASO DISTRICT OF MINAHASA REGENCY. Household farmers are one of the economic units that have a relationship with production and consumption decisions.  Assistance of livestock production capital obtained by household farmers allocated its use in the context of household consumption to maximize the utility or satisfaction of the household. This research aims to analyze the pattern of consumption expenditure on farmers households as a recipient of production capital assistance for livestock. The study used descriptive and quantitative analysis. The respondent of this research which is household farmer’s as one of the recipients of capital assistance that has been selling cows.  Patern of  household consumption expenditure by farmers as beneficiaries of capital assistance in the district of West Tompaso divided into: Food and Non-food consumption. Expenditure of food consumption differentiated two types which are expenditure of food consumption purchased and not purchased. The results showed that out of all three allocation of consumption expenditure is known that the allocation of food consumption expenditure of household farmers is divided in to the first; the largest purchased for fish production is 28.69 percent, second; the value expenditure of food consumption not purchased in food seasonings (29.94%), and the last one is the allocation of non-food consumption expenditure were on  clothing, footwear, and headgear (27.83%.) Keywords :Expenditure, consumption, households

Government Policies to Promote Production and Consumption of Renewable Electricity in the US

2013 ◽  
pp. 1089-1105
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Failure Theory ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Us ◽  
Energy Independence

Various types of renewable electricity policies exist both at the federal and state levels. They are designed to directly or indirectly incentivize producers and consumers of renewable electricity. The existence of renewable electricity policies can be explained by the market failure theory. Without proper government intervention, renewable electricity would be underprovided due to positive externalities associated with environmental pollution and energy independence. Also, in terms of pollution control, encouraging green renewable electricity is more politically palatable than discouraging brown electricity generated from fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. This chapter reviews the primary functions of various policy instruments at the federal and state levels and discusses their effectiveness to the extent possible.

The Systems Science of Industrial Ecology

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
Marian R. Chertow ◽  
Koichi S. Kanaoka ◽  
T. Reed Miller ◽  
Peter Berrill ◽  
Paul Wolfram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Science ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Climate Action

This chapter explores how the interdisciplinary field of industrial ecology, a blend of environmental science, social science, engineering, and management, can help deliver sustainable development goals (SDGs). As a systems science, industrial ecology provides a source of knowledge that can guide sustainable manufacturing, waste and pollution reduction, and offer a framework for extending the life of physical goods in a circular economy. The chapter focuses on four industrial ecology approaches: material stock and flow analysis, life-cycle assessment, input-output analysis, and industrial symbiosis, offering descriptions and case examples that relate to specific SDGs and targets. Although these approaches are relevant to a broad range of SDG targets, the authors focus on those pertaining to responsible and efficient use of water and energy (SDG6 and target 7.3), economic growth (SDG8), reducing inequalities (SDG10), transportation (target 11.2), production and consumption systems (SDG12 and targets 2.4 and 9.4), and climate action (SDG13). Industrial ecology approaches are also beneficial to rapidly industrializing countries, where improvements in economic performance and the environment must be carefully balanced. Finally, by tracking flows of material and energy, industrial ecology promotes resource efficiency and provides a strong basis for making sustainable production and consumption decisions.

Does computer usage change farmers’ production and consumption? Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyun Hou ◽  
Xuexi Huo ◽  
Runsheng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of using computers to obtain information on the farm household’s production and consumption based on a field survey of farm households in the northern China. Design/methodology/approach The most important methods applied are instrumental variable (IV) method and propensity score matching (PSM) method. Estimators of IV, PSM and nearest neighborhood matching approaches are considered together to check the robustness of empirical results. Findings This paper careful impact evaluation results suggest that the use of computer not only improves the size of arable land rented in but also reduces family labor input intensity and the probability of selling agricultural outputs at farm-gate markets. Moreover, it also stimulates transportation, garment, housing and insurance expenditures per capita. Research limitations/implications The database of this research comprises cross-section data, which does not support a cross-time comparison. Practical implications These results imply that it is vital to expand the coverage of computer use in rural areas. This may suggest that the importance of improving computer access is crucial for stimulating rural consumption increase. Furthermore, the need for the expansion of internet network coverage in western areas is also of importance. Originality/value First, the authors directly estimate computer usage impacts on a broader range of production and consumption indicators by including land-relative investments, variable investments, labor input and household’s expenditure and provide rigorous impact evaluations on the impact of access to computer. Second, the authors use IV and PSM methods to correct self-selection bias, going beyond the single equation approach in other studies. This enables us to identify the causal relationship between computer usage and farmer’s production and consumption decisions.

Government Policies to Promote Production and Consumption of Renewable Electricity in the US

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Failure Theory ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Us ◽  
Energy Independence

Various types of renewable electricity policies exist both at the federal and state levels. They are designed to directly or indirectly incentivize producers and consumers of renewable electricity. The existence of renewable electricity policies can be explained by the market failure theory. Without proper government intervention, renewable electricity would be underprovided due to positive externalities associated with environmental pollution and energy independence. Also, in terms of pollution control, encouraging green renewable electricity is more politically palatable than discouraging brown electricity generated from fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. This chapter reviews the primary functions of various policy instruments at the federal and state levels and discusses their effectiveness to the extent possible.

Market failure: some problems of using the market to allocate resources.

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Berkeley Hill
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Market System ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
System P ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge

Abstract This chapter explains why society acts to overcome market imperfections. Sections discuss: Adam Smith's theory of the 'invisible hand'; the value judgments of society; imperfect competition; monopoly; transaction costs; externalities associated with production and consumption; public goods; imperfect knowledge by consumers; and the macroeconomic reasons for intervening in the market system.

Farm animal welfare: do free markets fail to provide it?

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-52
Author(s):  
Carmen Hubbard ◽  
Beth Clark ◽  
David Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Information And Communication

Abstract Animal welfare is often claimed to be a 'public good', i.e. requiring government intervention and legislation to ensure that animal welfare is respected. In other words, markets, on their own, cannot be relied on to deliver socially acceptable animal welfare. In fact, the issues surrounding animal welfare are more complex and subtle than this. This chapter first explains the general features of public goods, as defined and recognized in economics (Section 2). It then turns to the specific case of animal welfare (Section 3) and explains that outlawing cruelty to animals is clearly a genuine public good, but improving animal welfare can only be achieved by reflecting consumers' willingness to pay for better animal welfare production. However, there is a clear disconnect between citizens' apparent concerns about animal welfare and their exhibited willingness to pay for better animal welfare. Does this imply a clear market failure? This apparent failure is examined with the aid of a thought experiment, and identifies the nature of the problem - a combination of information and communication deficiencies with peoples' limited availability of time, resources and motivation to attend to all social issues with each and every purchase decision. The underlying problem is one of consumption externality - other peoples' consumption decisions affect my/your assessment of our own welfare - since farmed animal welfare depends on peoples' consumption decisions.

scholarly journals Incidence of Value Added Tax, Effects and Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
George Obeng
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Tax Effects ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
A Charge

The current debate in the field of taxation and public finance is the concern of Value Added Tax (VAT) being inflationary and who the incidence or burden of payment falls. The implication from available literature and studies points to the fact that VAT can impact negatively on production and consumption, stifling free flow of economic activities. Literature is reviewed to find out the incidence of VAT and its implications on the firm and the consumer. It is established that VAT is not a cost to the business firm to make it inflationary but a charge independent of its pricing mechanism. It is also not extra cost to the consumer but part appropriation of the economic resource flow accruing to the consumer to settle the legitimate obligation of financing public expenditure. The paper concludes that the incidence of the tax is on the consumer and VAT is not inflationary but a means of tax optimality to stabilize the system in the event of market failure.

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