scholarly journals Current levels of coverage of iron and folic acid fortification are insufficient to meet the recommended intake for women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanzhi Tong ◽  
Neff Walker
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Folic Acid Fortification ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: A SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Mulimba Were ◽  
SAVERIO STRANGES ◽  
Ishor Sharma ◽  
Juan-Camilo Vargas-Gonzalez ◽  
M. Karen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Introduction: The majority of the populations in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are encountering the double burden of malnutrition (DBM): the coexistence of both undernutrition and overnutrition sequalae. With DBM being a new phenomenon in research, little is known about its etiology, operational definitions and risk factors influencing its manifestation. The proposed scoping review is aimed at mapping literature with regards to the DBM phenomenon among preschool children and women of reproductive age in LMICs who are among the most high-risk groups to encounter DBM. Methods: A comprehensive literature search will be conducted in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS and ProQuest Dissertations & Thesis Global. Additionally, searches in other government and institutional sources (World Health Organization website and university repositories) and forward and backward citation tracking of seminal articles will also be done. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening and full text screening. Similarly, data extraction and coding will independently be done by two reviewers. Information extracted from included literature will be analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis approach and reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this study because the review is based on literature from publicly available sources. The dissemination of our findings will be done through presentations in relevant conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

scholarly journals Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Women of Reproductive Age in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Progress Achieved and Opportunities for Meeting the Global Target

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 839-839
Author(s):  
Md Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Saifuddin Ahmed ◽  
Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes ◽  
Yaqoot Fatima ◽  
Tuhin Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Projection Analysis ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objectives To monitor progress, make projections and examine inequalities in women's underweight and overweight in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). Methods We used nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 2,337,855 women of reproductive age (15–49 years, mean age 29.7 y, SD ± 9.6) from 55 LMICs, to study the current and projected prevalence of underweight (Body Mass Index < 18.5 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). Bayesian linear regression analyses were performed for trend and projection analysis. Current and projected trends of women's malnutrition were studied, and national as well as subnational level variations, particularly in the context of sociodemographic factors, were explored. Results In 2030, over 20% of women in eight LMICs will be underweight, with Madagascar (36.8%), Senegal (32.2%) and Burundi (29.2%) projected to experience the highest burden of underweight. Whereas, over 50% women in 22 LMICs are projected to be overweight, with Egypt (94.7%), Jordan (75.0%), and Pakistan (74.1%) projected to have the highest burden of overweight. We project that in 2030, 24 LMICs would experience DBM. There is considerable variation in the prevalence of underweight and overweight across national and subnational levels. Wealth, education, and place of residence are seen to have the highest impact on the current and future prevalence of underweight and overweight. It is projected that between 2020 and 2030, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in LMICs will experience the sharpest increase in the prevalence of overweight. We also found none of the 55 LMICs will be able to eradicate overweight or underweight (barring Egypt) by 2030. Conclusions Overall, the prevalence of underweight in women of reproductive age in LMICs has declined in the past three decades. However, the decrease in the rate of underweight has been superseded by the dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight. Therefore, it is unlikely that any of the 55 LMICs will be successful in eradicating malnutrition by 2030. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals EAT–Lancet diet score requires minimum intake values to predict higher micronutrient adequacy of diets in rural women of reproductive age from five low- and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles T. Hanley-Cook ◽  
Alemayehu A. Argaw ◽  
Brenda P. de Kok ◽  
Katrien W. Vanslambrouck ◽  
Laeticia C. Toe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract The EAT–Lancet Commission promulgated a universal reference diet. Subsequently, researchers constructed an EAT–Lancet diet score (0–14 points), with minimum intake values for various dietary components set at 0 g/d, and reported inverse associations with risks of major health outcomes in a high-income population. We assessed associations between EAT–Lancet diet scores, without or with lower bound values, and the mean probability of micronutrient adequacy (MPA) among nutrition-insecure women of reproductive age (WRA) from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We analysed single 24-h diet recall data (n 1950) from studies in rural DRC, Ecuador, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Associations between EAT–Lancet diet scores and MPA were assessed by fitting linear mixed-effects models. Mean EAT–Lancet diet scores were 8·8 (SD 1·3) and 1·9 (SD 1·1) without or with minimum intake values, respectively. Pooled MPA was 0·58 (SD 0·22) and energy intake was 10·5 (SD 4·6) MJ/d. A one-point increase in the EAT–Lancet diet score, without minimum intake values, was associated with a 2·6 (SD 0·7) percentage points decrease in MPA (P < 0·001). In contrast, the EAT–Lancet diet score, with minimum intake values, was associated with a 2·4 (SD 1·3) percentage points increase in MPA (P = 0·07). Further analysis indicated positive associations between EAT–Lancet diet scores and MPA adjusted for energy intake (P < 0·05). Our findings indicate that the EAT–Lancet diet score requires minimum intake values for nutrient-dense dietary components to avoid positively scoring non-consumption of food groups and subsequently predicting lower MPA of diets, when applied to rural WRA in LMIC.

scholarly journals Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age: An Overview of Global Burden, Trends, Determinants, and Drivers of Progress in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2745
Author(s):  
Aatekah Owais ◽  
Catherine Merritt ◽  
Christopher Lee ◽  
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Relatively little progress has been made in reducing anemia prevalence among women of reproductive age (WRA anemia). Interventions, policies and programs aimed at reducing WRA anemia have the potential to improve overall not only women’s, but also children’s health and nutrition outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first review that aimed to compile evidence on the determinants and drivers of WRA anemia reduction in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We synthesized the available evidence on the determinants and drivers, including government policies and programs, of WRA anemia and their mitigation strategies across a wide range of countries and geographies, thus contributing to the complex and multifactorial etiology of anemia. We carried out a systematic review of published peer-reviewed and grey literature assessing national or subnational decline in WRA anemia prevalence and the associated drivers in LMICs. Among the 21 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, proximal determinants of healthcare utilization, especially during pregnancy and with the use of contraceptives, were strong drivers of WRA anemia reduction. Changes in other maternal characteristics, such as an increase in age at first pregnancy, BMI, birth spacing, and reduction in parity, were associated with modest improvements in anemia prevalence. Access to fortified foods, especially iron-fortified flour, was also a predictor of a decrease in WRA anemia. Of the intermediate determinants, an increase in household wealth, educational attainment and access to improved sanitation contributed significantly to WRA anemia reduction. Although several common determinants emerged at the proximal and intermediate levels, the set of anemia determinants and the strength of the association between each driver and WRA anemia reduction were unique in each setting included in this review. Further research is needed to provide targeted recommendations for each country and region where WRA anemia prevalence remains high.

scholarly journals Evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries: Scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251633
Author(s):  
Joyce Twahafifwa Shatilwe ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel ◽  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Healthcare Information ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background A majority of women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not able to access healthcare information due to different factors. This scoping review aimed to map the literature on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in LMICs. Methods The literature search was conducted through the following databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with full text, MEDLINE with full text, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO), Emerald, Embase, published and peer-reviewed journals, organizational projects, reference lists, and grey literature. Results A total of 377 457 articles were identified from all the databases searched. Of these, four articles met inclusion criteria after full article screening and were included for data extraction. The themes that emerged from our study are as follows: accessibility, financial accessibility/affordability, connectivity, and challenges. This study demonstrated that there are minimal interventions that enable women of reproductive age to access healthcare information in terms of accessibility, financial accessibility, and connectivity. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed poor access and utilization of healthcare information by women of reproductive age. We, therefore, recommend primary studies in other LMICs to determine the accessibility, financial accessibility, connectivity, and challenges faced by women of reproductive age in LMICs.

scholarly journals Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1761-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damaris Kinyoki ◽  
Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman ◽  
Natalia V. Bhattacharjee ◽  
Lauren E. Schaeffer ◽  
Alice Lazzar-Atwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Adequate Resource ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractAnemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.

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