scholarly journals Effect of time of harvest on the incidence of Fusarium spp. in kernels of silage corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Baoluo L. Ma ◽  
Randall M. Clear ◽  
Bernard J. Vigier
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Subglutinans ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Isolated Species

Abstract The effect of time of harvest (at 75, 50 and 25% of milkline) on the incidence of kernel-borne Fusarium spp. was examined in four silage corn (Zea mays) hybrids (MAIZEX Leafy 4, NK BRAND Enerfeast 1, PIONEER 37M81 and MYCOGEN TMF94) in Ottawa, Ontario, in 2001 and 2002. Eleven Fusarium species were isolated over the 2 yr. Fusarium subglutinans was the dominant species recovered from 28.8% of the kernels. Other frequently isolated species included F. oxysporum (2.6%), F. graminearum (2.5%), F. proliferatum (0.3%) and F. sporotrichioides (0.2%). Trace amounts (< 0.1%) of the remaining six species, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. solani, were recovered from the kernels. When the kernels were harvested at 75, 50 and 25% of milkline, the incidence of F. subglutinans increased from 20.9 to 26.7 and to 38.7%, respectively; that of F. graminearum increased from 1.7 to 2.9 and to 3.1%; and for the total of the five main Fusarium species it increased from 28.7 to 32.2 and to 42.3%. Incidence of the other species was not affected by harvesting date. Of the four silage corn hybrids, NK BRAND Enerfeast1 had a significantly lower incidence of Fusarium species in kernels than the other hybrids, indicating a genotypic variation in resistance to kernel-borne infection by Fusarium species.

Fungal Colonization of Corn Grown in Nebraska in Relation to Year, Genotype and Growing Conditions1

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1084-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUSTIN A. ARINO ◽  
LLOYD B. BULLERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Subglutinans ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Dry Land

Kernels of several corn hybrids, grown in test plots and harvested in 1990 and 1991, were assayed for internal fungal infection on DGl8 and CZID agars. Acremonium spp. And Fusarium spp. were the predominant fungi isolated from the kernels. Fusarium moniliforme was the Fusarium spp. most frequently detected (nearly 80% of isolates), followed by Fusarium proliferatum (c.a. 15% of isolates). Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium gaminearum and other Fusarium spp. showed very low frequencies of isolation. Corn harvested in 1990 and analyzed after 1-year storage showed higher infection by Fusarium spp. than corn collected in 1991. The incidence of Acremonium spp. and Fusarium spp. differed significantly (p&lt;0.01) among corn hybrids, and consistently higher kernel colonization by Fusarium spp. occurred in corn hybrids planted in dry-land plots.

Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Hybrid Tolerance to Nicosulfuron

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Morton ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Significant Difference

Tolerance of eight processing sweet corn hybrids to nicosulfuron was evaluated in field studies conducted at Arlington, Wis. in 1988 and 1989. Magnitude of sweet corn vigor reduction varied between years. Greater vigor reduction occurred to ‘Jubilee’ sweet corn than to the other seven hybrids. Injury to the hybrids increased as nicosulfuron rate increased. In 1988, some of the hybrids were stunted slightly by all of the herbicide rates, but within a hybrid there was no significant difference among herbicide rates. In 1989 none of the hybrids, including Jubilee, was stunted by even 140 g ai ha–1nicosulfuron compared with the corresponding check. Effects of nicosulfuron on yields of the eight hybrids in 1988 and in 1989 are best described by a quadratic regression equation.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation in maize ( Zea mays ) influences rates of soil organic matter mineralisation and gross nitrification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumbani Mwafulirwa ◽  
Eric Paterson ◽  
Jill E Cairns ◽  
Tim J Daniell ◽  
Christian Thierfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Gross Nitrification

Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Application Methods

Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was not greatly influenced by application method, and differences in corn yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. Growth chamber bioassays indicated that both butylate and EPTC dissipated more rapidly when applied in 95 L/ha of water than the other application methods, which may explain differences in weed control observed in the field.

scholarly journals The Reaction of some Maize Hybrids, Created at ARDS TURDA, to Fusarium spp. Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Loredana SUCIU ◽  
Ana Maria VĂLEAN ◽  
Felicia MUREŞANU ◽  
Carmen PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Resistance Reaction

The most important disease of maize in Romania are stalk and ear rot, which caused yield losses in average of 20%. The resistant hibrids represent one of the most efficient solution for reducing the field loses caused by Fusarium spp. on the maize (Nagy et al., 2006). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi (Czembor et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper was to know more about the reaction of different maize hybrids to Fusarium and the evaluating the effect of ear rot on the yield ability and mycotoxins accumulation. The experiments carried out at ARDS Turda, during four years (2012-2015). The biological material was represented by 8 hybrids, from different maturity groups, tested in two infection conditions with Fusarium spp. (natural and artificial infections). The temperature and rainfalls of the four years of experiments corresponding to the vegetation of maize (april-september) are influenced favourably the pathogenesis of stalk and ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. and a good discrimination of the resistance reaction of genotypes. Fusarium ear rot has significantly affected production capacity and chemical composition of corn hybrids tested. In conditions of artificial infection with Fusarium spp. was a decrease in the content of starch, fat and increased protein content compared with artificially inoculated variants. The quantity of fumonizin B1+B2 has reached to 5630 μg/kg in conditions of artificial infection. There are negative correlations between production capacity and degree of attack of fusarium ear rot; depending on the reacting genotypes tested increasing disease causes production decrease. The response of maize hybrids to Fusarium infection is influenced by infection and climatic conditions. These factors affect production both in terms of quantity and quality and accumulation of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Incidence of leaf rot disease in relation to root (wilt) in young coconut palms and fungi in lamina and petiole lesions

CORD ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
N. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Rot

Coconut leaf rot in association with root (wilt) is widespread in southern districts of Kerala, India. The disease complex has spread to northern districts of the state and also adjacent districts in Tamil Nadu. Where as the root (wilt) is a systemic infection (due to phytoplasma) the leaf rot is a foliar syndrome due to fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Exserohilum rostratum, Fusarium spp.). Occurrence of leaf rot has been related to the incidence of root (wilt) and its appearance in young palms remained a matter of contention as to which disease precedes the other. Leaf rot lesions do occur on leaf petiole/mid-vein/mid-rib even as the disease lesions are known to be common on lamina (spindles). Investigations brought out that in majority of leaf rot affected young palms (2-5 years old) the flaccidity symptom of root (wilt) could be also discerned. In lesser number of affected palms, the other symptoms of root (wilt), yellowing and marginal necrosis, were also visible. As such, in 88.5% of leaf rot affected young palms one or the other symptom of root (wilt) has been recorded irrespective of season. C. gloeosporioides, E. rostratum and other fungi were found both in lamina and petiole lesions in different months. C. gloeosporioides was detected from petiole and lamina tissues in all the months, followed by E. rostratum, Fusarium spp. etc. C. gloeosporioides was isolated from these parts in more numbers and consistently during January-December. E. rostratum appeared erratically. Aggressiveness of C. gloeosporioides during months of wet season was confirmed. Fusarium spp. was isolated predominantly from these parts in dry months (January-May). Knowledge on occurrence of leaf rot in young palms in relation to root (wilt) and dynamics of leaf rot pathogens in leaf parts among months/seasons of year (in inoculums build-up, spread and dissemination) are important in the context of integrated management of root (wilt)-leaf rot complex.

scholarly journals Occurrence of potentially toxigenic mould species in fresh salads of different kinds of ready-for-use vegetables

2010 ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov ◽  
Gordana Dimic ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Dusanka Pejin ◽  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Isolated Species

In the mycological survey of fresh salads of different vegetables, the collected samples were tested for total counts of moulds with special attention paid to the presence of potentially toxigenic species. The survey also included the isolation and the identification of species, as well as the evaluation of mycotoxin biosynthesis ability of potential producers of ochratoxin A (OA) and sterigmatocystin (STC). Mould counts ranged from 10.0 to 4.7x102 cfu g-1. The most common moulds found in fresh salads were Cladosporium (42.89%), Penicillium (25.78%), Aspergillus (14.67%) and Alternaria (6.89%). C. cladosporioides (40.44%), followed by A. niger (10.22%), P. aurantiogriseum (7.55%), A. alternata (6.89%) and Fusarium spp. (3.11%) were the most dominating species. Other species were represented with 2.22% (Eurotium spp.), 1.56% (Botrytis spp.), 0.67% (Phoma spp.), 0.44% (Geotrichum spp., Mucor spp., Phialophora spp.) and 0.22% (Emericella spp., Paecilomyces spp., Trichoderma spp., Xeromyces spp.). Twenty-two of 41 identified mould species were potentially toxigenic, which accounted for 46.18% of the total isolated population. The most frequent were the potential producers of ochratoxin A (17.77%). Potential producers of moniliformin were isolated in 3.11% of samples, while producers of fumonisin and STC were found in 2.67% and 2.44% of samples, respectively. The tested isolates of OA producers did not demonstrate the ability to biosynthetise this mycotoxins, but two out of five isolates of A. versicolor were found to biosynthesise STC in doses of 109.2 ng mL-1 and 56.3 ng mL-1. The obtained results indicate that such products may threaten human health, considering that isolated species were potentially toxigenic, while isolates of A. versicolor also biosynthesised STS.

Inhibition of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthesis by Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Kitchen ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Charles E. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Porphyrin Ring ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Site Of Action

The effect of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and corn (Zea maysL.) shoot δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) production was examined by monitoring ALA content in the tissue and measuring incorporation of14C precursors into ALA and chlorophylla. Barley shoot ALA content was significantly decreased by 1 mM glyphosate after 9, 11, and 15 h of illumination. ALA production by treated barley shoots was 30 nmoles•g fresh weight-1•h-1at each interval tested, compared with 75 to 120 nmoles•g fresh weight-1•h-1for the control. In corn shoots, ALA content was reduced 32, 45, and 58% by 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mM glyphosate, respectively, after 12 h illumination. Incorporation studies with14C-glutamate,14C-α-ketoglutarate, and14C-glycine into ALA showed a 77, 92, and 91% inhibition, respectively, in barley shoots treated with 1 mM glyphosate. Incorporation of14C-ALA into chlorophyllawas not affected by 1 mM glyphosate. Thus, the site of action of glyphosate may involve two enzyme pathways:one controlling the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to ALA, and the other controlling the condensation of glycine with succinyl CoA to form ALA and carbon dioxide. Inhibition of ALA synthesis blocks synthesis of chlorophyll, as well as all other porphyrin ring compounds found in higher plants. Thus, inhibition of ALA synthesis may be an integral component of the herbicidal mode of action of glyphosate.

Studies on Maize (Zea mays) at Bunda, Malawi. I. Yield in Relation to Rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

SUMMARYYields of maize were determined in six years, on two soils, at up to four nitrogen levels following early and late planting. Without fertilizer nitrogen, high rainfall at the beginning of the growing season reduced yield on one soil but not on the other, while high rainfall at late silking and high total rainfall in the growing season reduced yields on both soils. As the level of fertilizer nitrogen increased, the negative effects of rainfall on yield tended to disappear. A three week delay in planting sometimes increased and sometimes decreased yield. The probable reasons for the observed effects of rainfall on yield are discussed.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) EAR ROT CAUSED BY FUSARIUM spp.

Fusarium ◽  
1989 ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Teich
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Fusarium Spp
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