scholarly journals La Moselle canalisée et la voie maritime du Saint-Laurent : notes comparatives

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 253-275
Author(s):  
Jean Cermakian
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Economic Regions

This paper is based upon the premise that in order to justify the considerable capital investment required in such projects, the construction of a deep-draught waterway must serve the long-term economic and political interests of the regions and nations concerned. The question then arises as to what role should such a waterway play so that those interests might be furthered. In trying to answer this question, the author suggests three hypotheses, namely that, 1. The new waterway must provide cheap transport for heavy goods of low per-unit value which can only be carried in bulk, 2. It must create or intensify exchange between two or more economic regions on the same continent, and further the international trade of those regions, and 3. It must encourage the development of under-undustrialized regions and the utilization of hitherto inaccessible natural resources. By comparing the infrastructure and the traffic of two such waterways,, one in Western Europe, the canalized Moselle river, the other one in North America, the St. Lawrence Seaway, the author attempts to verify these hypotheses empirically and finds that all three are valid in both situations. It was found that in both cases the chief result of the new waterways has been the increased competitiveness of the regions which they serve vis-à-vis more powerful neighbors in the competition for world markets.

scholarly journals Environmental Policy & Natural Resources in Federalist Canada

Federalism-E ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Kelsey Sitar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Federal System ◽  
British North America ◽  
Canadian Politics

There are very few issues arising in Canadian politics that are not, in some way, affected by our federal system of government. The British North America Act of 1867 outlined how Canada would operate. Obviously oversimplified, this document stated that the two recognized levels of government, federal and provincial, would divide powers in most issues, with only some shared or concurrent by both federal and provincial governments. In this sense, Canada was already quite distinctive, because most of the other federal countries tended to share powers with only a few designated to fall under only one government’s jurisdiction.

African Natural Resources Agreements: Stabilisation Tricks and Traps for the Unwary

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-589
Author(s):  
Richard M. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The Face ◽  
Host Government

In Africa, legal certainty has been a much craved ideal by investors in the natural resources sector. A key feature of legal certainty in long-term natural resources contracts is to make sure that if new laws are passed or existing laws amended which adversely affect the sponsor, compensation is paid for such changes. When natural resources prices are rising companies are often prepared to take a robust commercial view on the stabilisation risks. It is often seen as falling in the catastrophic risk category but unlikely to occur. However, with the current challenges in oil and gas and commodities in world markets and the global competition for capital, the strength and enforceability of contractual stabilisation covenants in long-term natural resources contracts in Africa in an increasingly risk-adverse world are ever more important. While there is always much debate over the fiscal package in natural resources deals, the stabilisation provisions rarely receive the attention they merit. How to value contractual stabilisation legal protections against more easily quantified fiscal provisions remains an anathema. What is clear is that companies will be well served to devote attention to stabilisation clauses as the temptation for African governments to tweak laws in the face of dwindling revenues can become overwhelming. This article looks at stabilisation issues in African natural resources contracts (in the context of a change of law by a host government) and how best to enhance the chances of a successful and legally binding stabilisation clause drawing on examples from throughout the African continent.

Foreign Investment in Asia in the 1990s: Trends, Problems and Implications for Manpower Movements

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 529-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sueo Sekiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
North America ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Capital ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The U.S

The diversity and rapidity of change in direct foreign investment (DFI) are described for flows among North America, Western Europe, Japan, ASEAN, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Korea and Russia. The U.S. share of DFI in Pacific Rim countries has declined, while that of Japan and Western Europe has increased. The NIEs have emerged as new investors in the region. The decline in U.S. DFI is likely to be compensated by Asian intra-regional flows initiated by Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong. On one hand, international capital flows can serve as a substitute for international labor flows; on the other, DFI can also give rise to bidirectional flows of manpower ranging from unskilled to professional levels.

Strangers No More

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba ◽  
Nancy Foner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Full Membership ◽  
Ways Of Life

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the challenges of immigrant integration in Western Europe and North America. A central question is how to integrate immigrants and their children so that they become full members of the societies where they now live. Full membership means having the same educational and work opportunities as long-term native-born citizens, and the same chances to better their own and their children's lot. It also means having a sense of dignity and belonging that comes with acceptance and inclusion in a broad range of societal institutions. The challenges of integration are complicated by the widespread resistance of natives to immigrants and their children. There are anxieties about whether the newcomers will fit in and fears that they will undermine the basic foundations of established ways of life.

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of substantiation of the production decision efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Graboviy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Decision Efficiency ◽  
Production Decision

The current scale of industrial production is characterized by the intensive use of natural resources and the growth of waste pollution of the environment. A long-term program is needed to implement targeted measures to coordinate the prospects for the development of national economy and nature protection. Its implementation requires significant capital investment. To increase the efficiency of their use, a scientifically sound methodology for the economic evaluation of the most important types of natural resources and measures to protect the environment is necessary. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of such a methodology. Its most important task is to articulate and agree on a single theoretical basis the calculations of the economic efficiency of production decisions with the requirements for the protection of the natural environment. This chapter is devoted to the coverage of these issues.

Voices from the Other Side

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Terraciano
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
North America ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
New Spain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Competition For Resources

European and African migrations brought waves of change to millions of people on the western side of the Atlantic world. This article examines indigenous responses to some of these changes in three regions of the Americas (New Spain, Peru, and North America), from about the mid-sixteenth to the second half of the eighteenth centuries. It highlights indigenous attempts to reach out across the Atlantic, to meet imperial authorities face to face, to speak to them through mediators and messengers, or to influence them with writings. Many writings from Mexico and Peru reveal a tension between hope and despair, expectation and frustration, as possibilities for cooperation, trade, and alliance between colonists and indigenous gave way in many places to competition for resources and profit. The long-term costs of this competition to Native Americans were incalculable.

The Universal and the Global: Contextualising European Ayurvedic Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-73
Author(s):  
V. Sujatha
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
North America ◽  
Global Health ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Health Market

Fifty years ago, South Asian medicines were regarded as ethnomedicines devoid of scientific credibility as they were not verifiable under controlled laboratory conditions. By the 1990s, however, South Asian medicines entered the global health market, specially, Western Europe and North America despite the opposition from scientific lobbies. Ayurveda’s presence in Europe is not comparable to Chinese medicine and is probably fourth or fifth in the scale of importance among other complementary therapies, but it is crucial to note that it entered Europe not riding on Indian migrants or capital investment but as cultural goods promoted by European followers of Indian gurus. In other words, unlike Asian cuisines and garments taken to foreign lands by immigrants, yoga and ayurveda were directly accessed and consumed by the white-middle and upper-middle classes and were paid for privately. Does globalisation of ayurveda mean that it has also become universal? What is the relation between biomedicalisation of ayurveda in India and its spiritualisation in Europe? How is ayurveda transmitted and practiced outside India? What are the issues raised by the globalisation of ayurveda? Based on fieldwork with European practitioners of ayurveda in three European countries, this article intends to address some of these questions by tracing the trajectory of the global ayurveda through the experience of its European practitioners.

A Comparison of Personal Response Services in Canada and the UK

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Fisk
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Telephone Networks ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medical Risks ◽  
Public Telephone

Personal response services operating over public telephone networks are now widespread in Western Europe and North America. They serve the needs of a million people in the UK and a further two to three million elsewhere. While most clients are elderly, the scope of such services is extending to people with support needs of all ages, especially where there are medical risks or a likelihood of falls. Such services are, therefore, on a convergent course with those concerned with telemedicine. A study of two personal response services was carried out, one based in Ottawa (Canada) and the other in Oldham (UK). The parallels and contrasts were examined through a survey involving personal interviews with samples of clients. Thirty-eight valid personal interviews were completed, 20 in Ottawa and 18 in Oldham, representing 14% and 53% respectively of all service clients in the survey areas. It is concluded that services established within the health sector (such as many in Canada) are better placed to accommodate change. Convergence with telemedicine will, as a result, be facilitated. In the UK, health authorities and trusts are likely to develop their own telemedicine services in competition with current providers of personal response services, thus delaying convergence.

Social Capital Formation in Australian Rural Communities: The Role of the Stock and Station Agent

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ville
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Inherent Strain

Data from the Australian stock and station agent industry can be used to examine several unresolved issues concerning how to characterize and measure social capital. The evidence reveals two distinct types of social capital—one long-term and innate to a community and the other more volatile, subject to individual decisions. The two types are causally linked, the inherent strain providing propitious conditions for particular kinds of investment. Social-capital investment is measured through the proxy of goodwill as revealed in takeover analyses.

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