scholarly journals The Bell Telephone Historical Collection and Late Nineteenth-Century Canadian Urban History: A Preliminary Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell A. Norris
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Voice Transmission ◽  
Telephone Exchange ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In 1878, the first telephone exchange in the British Empire was put into service at Hamilton, Ontario. By 1891, the Bell Telephone Company of Canada had completed a long-distance network exceeding 6400 kilometres, including an unbroken link along Central Canada's "Main Street," between Quebec City and Windsor. The company's operations in 1891 embraced 22,000 subscribers and more than 200 exchanges. The spread of the long-distance network was halting at first, owing to the meagre capital resources of the company and the relatively poor return on investment given just a few thousand subscribers in the entire system. Also, much of the initial capital investment was quickly rendered obsolete, because of technical improvements in voice transmission over copper metallic circuits, which by the mid-1880s had begun to replace and augment existing long-distance links by iron wire. This research note discusses the development of the long-distance telephone network in Central Canada, its evolving pattern of telephone exchanges, the spread of telephone adoption, and the intensity with which the long-distance system was used in its formative phase. The research was completed under the auspices of the Historical Atlas of Canada/Atlas Historique du Canada.

Anglican Emigrant Chaplaincy in the British Empire and Beyond,c.1840–1900

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 314-327
Author(s):  
Rowan Strong
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Direct Involvement ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Church

In the 1840s the Church of England, through the agency of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) and the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK), established an official chaplaincy to emigrants leaving from British ports. The chaplaincy lasted throughout the rest of the nineteenth century. It was revitalized in the 1880s under the direction of the SPCK in response to a surge in emigration from Britain to the colonies. This article examines the imperial attitudes of Anglicans involved in this chaplaincy network, focusing on those of the 1880s and 1890s, the period of high imperialism in Britain. It compares these late nineteenth-century outlooks with those of Anglicans in the emigrant chaplaincy of the 1840s, in order to discern changes and continuities in Anglican imperialism in nineteenth-century Britain. It finds that, in contrast to the imperialist attitudes prevalent in Britain during the late nineteenth century, Anglicans in this chaplaincy network focused more on the ecclesiastical and pastoral dimensions of their work. Indeed, pro-imperial attitudes, though present, were remarkably scarce. It was the Church much more than the empire which mattered to these Anglicans, notwithstanding their direct involvement with the British empire.

Chapter 8 The End of the Northern Fishery in the Late Nineteenth Century

2004 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Gordon Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Technical Advance ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Marking Time ◽  
Modern Industry

With the run-down of both Northern and Southern fisheries, the second half of the nineteenth century experienced the same sort of marking-time as had occurred in the late seventeenth century. As a consequence the period is relatively unimportant compared with the great exertions before 1840 and the vast expansion after 1900, and it is only necessary here to outline the main lines of development. None of them led on to the modern industry, and important though British whaling may have been to individual persons and places, it had already departed from the mainstream of whaling and was sailing up a backwater as dangerous and ruinous as any in Baffin Bay. No amount of incentive, capital investment, technical advance or human bravery could save the Arctic trade, but it fought its painful death-struggle for three-quarters of a century, periodically encouraged by remissions that eased the pressure and sometimes brought a measure of prosperity....

Land Transportation

2021 ◽  
pp. 311-350
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Fehring ◽  
Terry S. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Distance Transport

The engineering involved in transportation provided one of the points from which the modern mechanical engineering profession in the United States emerged. The shops that produced the steam engines for river boats and the locomotives for railroads had, by the 1840s, become a leading training ground for the first generation of professional mechanical engineers. As railroads became the primary means of long-distance transport for goods in the late nineteenth century, they also became a leading employer of mechanical engineers. Not surprisingly, the Rail Transportation Division was one of the original eight divisions created when ASME in 1920 adopted a divisional organization; it remains among that organization’s most active divisions. Unfortunately, despite the rail industry’s importance to American history and to the history of mechanical engineering, few articles dealing with the history of this form of land transportation have appeared in Mechanical Engineering magazine over the past fifty years. None were selected for this volume.

Ordering Empire and Democracy, 1902–1921

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-67
Author(s):  
Tobias Harper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
British Empire ◽  
British Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Order ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Opening Up

This chapter examines the creation of new orders at the beginning of the twentieth century, which was the culmination of a prolonged period of “unprecedented honorific inventiveness” starting in the late nineteenth century. In Britain the new Order of the British Empire was branded the “Order of Britain’s Democracy” in recognition of the fact that it extended far deeper into non-elite classes in British society than any previous honour. Between 1917 and 1921 more than 20,000 people in Britain and throughout the British Empire were added to this new Order. This was an unprecedented number, orders of magnitude larger than honours lists in previous years. While the new Order was successful in reaching a wider, more middle-class audience than the honours system before the war, which was socially narrow, there was a substantial backlash to what was widely perceived by elites to be an excessive (and diluting) opening-up of the “fount of honour.” This backlash was connected to political controversies about the sale of honours that eventually helped bring about Lloyd George’s downfall. This chapter also contains a brief description of all the components of the British honours system at the beginning of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Late-Victorian Gentlemen Entrepreneurs Venturing Into New Worlds of Canadian Business: The Nestegg Mining Company, 1896-981

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-199
Author(s):  
Patrick Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Venture Capitalism ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract This case study examines how a group of late nineteenth century Victoria businessmen adjusted to the transition from traditional family capitalism to joint stock company management of a remote speculative mining venture. They encountered numerous unfamiliar obstacles including prejudicial management, the long-distance factor, public investors, and innovations in advertising and financing. Ultimately, Victoria’s unique geography and cultural setting foiled their efforts to establish themselves as Western Canada’s centre of venture capitalism.

scholarly journals Restless Spirit, Resolute Conviction: The Life and Times of Joseph ‘Ivo’ Evison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephen Robert John Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
British Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Career ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
Do So

<p>At first glance, Joseph Evison's life was a confusion of convictions and contradictions, played out in the pages of the many newspapers he edited and wrote for in New Zealand and Australia. A late nineteenth-century Freethinker, he would go on to edit a Catholic newspaper, just as he would readily criticise the British Empire, in spite of serving in its army and navy. Despite his obvious intricacies, historians have not been kind to Evison, reducing him to a mere one line curiosity, implying that he shifted causes to follow the money or because he was a simple contrarian at heart. However, Evison's unsettled nature means a study of his life and ideologies adds to a number of other histories including those of Freethought, Catholicism, conservatism, colonial settlers, empire, transmission of ideas, reader culture and biographical studies. This thesis therefore attempts to chronicle Evison's life, before arguing that his changing causes was down to deep-seated secularist and libertarian convictions, which left him always fighting for what he perceived as the underdog, against both the state and the Protestant majority. To do so, it not only studies his writing, which remains vibrant and engaging even today, but also his editing style at various newspapers and his speeches during a short-lived political career.</p>

scholarly journals Restless Spirit, Resolute Conviction: The Life and Times of Joseph ‘Ivo’ Evison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephen Robert John Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
British Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Career ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
Do So

<p>At first glance, Joseph Evison's life was a confusion of convictions and contradictions, played out in the pages of the many newspapers he edited and wrote for in New Zealand and Australia. A late nineteenth-century Freethinker, he would go on to edit a Catholic newspaper, just as he would readily criticise the British Empire, in spite of serving in its army and navy. Despite his obvious intricacies, historians have not been kind to Evison, reducing him to a mere one line curiosity, implying that he shifted causes to follow the money or because he was a simple contrarian at heart. However, Evison's unsettled nature means a study of his life and ideologies adds to a number of other histories including those of Freethought, Catholicism, conservatism, colonial settlers, empire, transmission of ideas, reader culture and biographical studies. This thesis therefore attempts to chronicle Evison's life, before arguing that his changing causes was down to deep-seated secularist and libertarian convictions, which left him always fighting for what he perceived as the underdog, against both the state and the Protestant majority. To do so, it not only studies his writing, which remains vibrant and engaging even today, but also his editing style at various newspapers and his speeches during a short-lived political career.</p>

scholarly journals Discursive Heterogeneity in Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham’s Travel Account Mogreb-El-Acksa: A Journey in Morocco (1898)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Lahoucine Aammari
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham is a less-examined British traveller who made his peregrinations into Western Barbary, or the “Land of the Furthest West,” in the late nineteenth century, the era of full-blown empire. He reveals his solid support for the British Empire and its complex discursive apparatuses. Expressing his Orientalist desire to know Moroccans as Other, this traveller claims an epistemological mastery and narrative invasion over the field of his observation. However, the traveller is not a wholly root-and-branch imperialist; he is caught between narrative mastery and a fantasy of Western Barbary as a toponym, where his different desires can be validated and an image of Moroccan society as an impenetrable, concealed domain of inaccessibility and total invisibility. These paradoxical viewpoints reveal certain discursive “heterogeneities, inconsistencies and slippages” (Lowe 1991, 7) within Graham’s travel account Mogreb-El-Acksa: A Journey in Morocco (1898).

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