scholarly journals Preventing Crime and Poor Health Among Aboriginal People: The Potential for Preventative Programming

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Monchalin ◽  
Olga Marques
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Evidence Based

The purpose of this paper is to examine prevention programs, and discuss their potential for having an impact on reducing crime and poor health outcomes for Aboriginal people. A historical context is first outlined in order to provide a context for understanding the disproportionate amount of crime and related poor health outcomes affecting Aboriginal people. Risk factors for crime and health are identified, demonstrating their interrelatedness and overlapping nature, indicating that risk factors do not existing in isolation from each other. Existing crime prevention programs are subsequently discussed, paying particular attention to the intersection between evidence-based outcomes and programs offered at Aboriginal Friendship Centres. The use of prevention programs for preventing/reducing crime and related health costs (i.e. substance use/abuse, smoking, and/or addictions) has been positively established by existing research. Thus, it is suggested that these programs offered in Aboriginal centres, such as Aboriginal Friendship Centres, should be furtherexpanded and supported.

scholarly journals Mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and evidence-based frameworks for mitigation: A rapid review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Major ◽  
Fay J Hlubocky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Pubmed Database

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the mental health of health care workers (HCWs), and optimal strategies to provide psychological support for HCWs are not currently established. Aims: To rapidly review recently-published literature on the mental health of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Query of all quantitative research through the PubMed database on the mental health of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic which utilized validated mental health instruments. 723 articles were screened and 87 articles were included. Results: Nearly all included studies were cross-sectional, survey-based assessments of the prevalence of and risk factors for mental illness. Only one interventional study was identified. Prevalence of mental health outcomes varied widely: 7.0-97.3% anxiety, 10.6-62.1% depression, 2.2-93.8% stress, 3.8-56.6% post traumatic stress, 8.3-88.4% insomnia, and 21.8-46.3% burnout. Risk and protective factors were identified in personal and professional domains, including degree of COVID-19 exposure, adequacy of protective equipment, and perception of organizational support. Conclusions: The myriad risk factors for poor mental health among HCWs suggests that a comprehensive psychosocial support model with individual- and organization-level interventions is necessary. Further longitudinal research on specific evidence-based interventions to mitigate adverse mental health outcomes among HCWs is urgently needed as the pandemic continues.

scholarly journals Medication management at home: medication-related risk factors associated with poor health outcomes

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Sorensen ◽  
Julie A. Stokes ◽  
David M. Purdie ◽  
Michael Woodward ◽  
Michael S. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Home Medication ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
At Home

scholarly journals Age of Cannabis Use Onset and Adult Drug Abuse Symptoms: A Prospective Study of Common Risk Factors and Indirect Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Rioux ◽  
Natalie Castellanos-Ryan ◽  
Sophie Parent ◽  
Frank Vitaro ◽  
Richard Ernest Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency

The present study examined 1) whether the associations between cannabis use (CU) age of onset and drug abuse by 28 y remain when controlling for risk factors in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood; and 2) the developmental pathways from early risk factors to drug abuse problems. Participants from a longitudinal sample of boys of low socioeconomic status ( N = 1,030) were followed from 6 to 28 y. We examined the self-reported CU onset between the ages of 13 and 17 y and drug abuse symptoms by 28 y. The odds of developing any drug abuse symptoms by 28 y were reduced by 31% for each year of delayed CU onset (OR = 0.69). Cannabis, alcohol and other drug frequency at 17 y mediated this association. Still, even when taking that frequency of use into account, adolescents who started using cannabis before 15 y were at a higher risk of developing drug abuse symptoms by age 28 y. Significant indirect effects were found from early adolescent delinquency and affiliation with deviant friends to drug abuse symptoms at 28 y through CU age of onset and substance use frequency at 17 y. The results suggest more clearly than before that prevention programs should aim at delaying CU onset to prevent or reduce drug abuse in adulthood. Furthermore, prevention programs targeting delinquency and/or affiliation with deviant friends in childhood or early adolescence could indirectly reduce substance abuse in adulthood without addressing substance use specifically.

Prenatal Maternal Substance Use and Offspring Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja C. Huizink
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Substance Use ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence from both human and preclinical studies seems to indicate that maternal smoking, alcohol drinking, or other drug use during pregnancy can affect offspring outcomes. It also suggests that maternal substance use during pregnancy is a major preventable cause of adverse infant outcomes. Nonetheless, more recent studies applying genetically sensitive designs cast some doubt on the causality of the relationship between prenatal maternal substance use and infant and child behavioral outcomes. In this review, recent findings in this field of research are provided, with attention to correlated risk factors of maternal substance use during pregnancy and preclinical studies focusing on plausible biological pathways. Next, evidence-based interventions targeting maternal substance use during pregnancy are discussed. Finally, possible interventions targeting the correlated risk factors and recommendations for clinical work are presented.

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