scholarly journals Of the Trivial and the Radical: Is There a Coherent Constructivist Pedagogy?

Paideusis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Dennis Cato
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Radical Constructivism ◽  
Constructivist Pedagogy ◽  
Classroom Techniques

Where a pedagogy is to be understood not simply in its weak sense as a range of classroom techniques but rather in its strong sense as embodying some conception of the ends of education such techniques subserve, coherence derives from the theoretical basis to which that pedagogy appeals. Where, however, such a theoretical basis is indistinguishable from that it purports to supplant or where it is inherently self-contradictory, the resulting pedagogy is incoherent. It is maintained here that “trivial constructivism” fails in the first respect and “radical constructivism” in the second and that any pedagogies based upon them are therefore incoherent.

scholarly journals Cataluña y el derecho a decidir

2016 ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Ferreres Comella
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
The Right

En el discurso político dominante en Cataluña se ha afianzado la idea de que los ciudadanos son titulares de un «derecho a decidir». Este derecho se puede entender en un sentido fuerte, como el derecho a decidir la separación de Cataluña del resto de España, o en un sentido débil como el derecho de los ciudadanos a ser consultados al respecto. Ahora bien, no existen razones convincentes para postular la existencia de este derecho.The political discourse that prevails in Catalonia has endorsed the idea that citizens have a «right to decide». This right can be understood in a strong sense, as the right to decide Catalonia´s secession from Spain, or in a weak sense, as the right of citizens to be heard with regard to this issue. There are no convincing reasons, however, to support the existence of such a right.

Probability and Scientific Inference

Philosophy ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 34 (129) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. K. Mundle
Keyword(s):  
Weak Sense ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Psychical Research ◽  
Scientific Inference ◽  
Statistical Science ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Objective Concept

This book would be very important indeed if Mr. Spencer Brown had substantiated his claims “that the concept of probability used in statistical science is meaningless in its own terms” (p. 66), and that confirming this is the only significance of experiments in psychical research. The six short (and not very relevant) introductory chapters need not be discussed here. It is in Chapters VII to IX that the author develops his thesis that the concept of randomness is self–contradictory, and the statistician's concept of probability consequently meaningless. I shall examine what I take to be the central argument leading to this conclusion. This is developed from a distinction between “primary chance or randomness” and “secondary chance or randomness” (“chance” and “randomness” are used interchangeably). The former concept is to be applicable only to individual events and is to depend upon their “unexpectedness or unpredictability”; the latter concept, applicable only to a series as such, is denned as “possessing no discernible pattern” (p. 46). The definition of “primary randomness” is amplified, but not clarified, on page 49: “An event is primarily random in so far as... one cannot be sure of its occurrence... The only relevant criterion is that we are able to guess”. (My italics. Notice that the former sentence implies unpredictability in the strong sense, i.e. not predictable with certainty, whereas the latter suggests unpredictability in a weak sense, i.e. not predictable as more or less likely. Spencer Brown oscillates between these different interpretations.) We are then told that primary randomness “admits of analysis in subjective terms”, since the same event may be predictable by one person but unpredictable by another; whereas secondary randomness is “a more objective concept”. (Is the author claiming that people vary less in their ability to discern patterns in a series than in their ability to predict its unobserved members? Or is he, as I suspect, arbitrarily interpreting “primary randomness” in terms of the speaker's ability to predict, and “secondary randomness” in terms of anyone's ability to discern?)

Uncertainty Impact on Companies’ Investment Activities: The Case of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-52
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Rozmainskiy ◽  
◽  
Anna A. Zubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Leningrad Oblast ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Unique Data

The article proposes and tests the hypothesis that agents who feel uncertainty reduce investment in their business. The theoretical basis for this hypothesis goes back to the ideas of J.M. Keynes and his followers. According to these ideas, uncertainty is not measurable, and investment is determined by “cheerfulness”. We hypothesize that a strong sense of uncertainty can narrow the planning horizon – giving rise to investor myopia – and reduce the “degree of cheerfulness”, thereby reducing investment. Unique data on perceptions of uncertainty and incentives to invest were obtained from surveys of more than 400 heads of enterprises in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast in March 2018. Econometric analysis shows that this hypothesis cannot be rejected.

VR 101

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Heim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face

Today we call many things “virtual.” Virtual corporations connect teams of workers located across the country. In leisure time, people form clubs based on shared interests in politics or music, without ever meeting face-to-face. Even virtual romances flourish through electronic mail. All sorts of hybrid social realities have sprung up on fax machines and computers, cellular telephones and communication satellites. Yet most of these “virtual realities” are not, in the strict sense of the term, virtual reality. They are pale ghosts of virtual reality, invoking “virtual” to mean anything based on computers. A strong meaning of virtual reality, however, ties together these looser meanings. A certain kind of technology—“VR” for short—has become the model for a pervasive way of seeing things. Contemporary culture increasingly depends on information systems, so that we find virtual reality in the weak sense popping up everywhere, while virtual reality in the strong sense stands behind the scenes as a paradigm or special model for many things. The first step in virtual realism is to become clear about the meaning of virtual reality in the strong sense of the term. We need to be clear about using virtual reality as a model because the loose or weak sense of virtual reality grows increasingly fuzzy as the face value of the term wears down in the marketplace, where virtual reality sells automobiles and soap. Car manufacturers use virtual reality in television commercials: “Climb out of that virtual reality and test drive the real road car that stimulates all five senses!” Newspaper cartoons and entertainment parks pump the popularity of virtual reality. Products on CD-ROM bill their 3-D (three dimensional) graphics as “true virtual reality.” AT&T welcomes you into its “virtual world.” The term now belongs to the universal vocabulary. But movies and seasonal television shows should not stretch VR to a thin vapor. Because virtual reality belongs to an important part of the future, we need to understand it not only as an undercurrent affecting cultural developments but also as a powerful technology in its own right.

The Marionette: Intermedial Presence and B-Boy Culture in South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
SEOKHUN CHOI
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Black Light ◽  
The Media

In this essay, I argue that human performers and technological media can work together as equal partners rather than as rivals competing for the audience's attention. Understanding presence in the ‘strong’ sense of the word – namely the actor's ability to draw the spectators’ undivided attention as opposed to the ‘weak’ sense of simply being present – I substantiate this claim with a model of intermedial presence inThe Marionette, a popular Korean b-boy show that combines live dancing with video and black light. The show's central motif of puppetry puts the live dancers and the media elements in a highly integrated relationship while their distinct ontological identities are maintained. Understanding the show's intermedial dynamics in terms of collaboration and hypermediacy challenges the conventional binary between the live and the mediatized, as well as the assimilationist position that regards the two as fused in intermedial performance.

The Rigors of Citizenship

1997 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Murchland
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Strong Sense

The driving forces of modern society—whether economic, technological or nationalistic—do not encourage a very strong sense of citizenship. It is a notion that is either taken for granted, systematically devalued or simply ignored. But we are beginning to realize that this weak sense of citizenship may be at the root of many of our social pathologies. Social theory is increasingly making a noticeable and not insignificant effort to include citizenship theory. The volumes here under review testify to the fruitfulness and indeed energy of this effort. They range widely and do not present a unified picture.

Community Belonging and Sedentary Behaviour Among Métis Canadians: A Gendered Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Scott Anderson ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland ◽  
Cheryl L. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Community Belonging ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Gender

Study Purpose: Framed by intersectionality theory, this study examined how gender and sense of community belonging interact to influence sedentary behaviour during leisure among Métis adults in Canada. Methods: Data were obtained from 1,169 Métis adults who completed the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2012. Weighted linear regression models examined associations between sedentary behaviour and community belonging stratified by gender, adjusting for confounders. Results: Male gender, younger age, physical activity, and increased socioeconomic status were associated with less sedentary behaviour among Métis adults. Métis men with a very strong sense of community belonging spent 3.6 fewer hours per week engaged in sedentary pursuits during leisure than Métis men who reported a very weak sense of community belonging. Conversely, Métis women with a very strong sense of community belonging spent 1 additional hour per week engaged in sedentary pursuits during leisure than Métis women who reported a very weak sense of community belonging. These associations remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic covariates and perceived mental health and overall health, suggesting other factors were influencing these differences. Conclusions: A strong sense of community belonging among Métis men may reduce sedentary behaviour during leisure by as much as 30 minutes per day, which may be clinically significant. Increased community belonging among Métis women was associated with increased sedentary behaviour. These findings suggest that interactions between community belonging and gender should be considered when developing interventions to reduce leisure sedentary behaviour among Métis adults in Canada.

scholarly journals New Formulation of the Axiom of Choice by making use of the Comprehension Operator

1963 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katuzi Ono
Keyword(s):  
Binary Relation ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Axiom Of Choice ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
The Axiom Of Choice

We have introduced in our former work [1] and [2] the comprehension operator “{·)”, which maps every binary relation to a binary relation. The definition of this operatoris remarkable in that it can be defined in any formal system having the membership relation ∈, which is hereafter called the universal system and is denoted by U. In this work, we would like to point out that the axiom of choice, in the strong sense as well as in the weak sense, can be formulated in an extremely simple style by making use of the comprehension operator.

The Reasonable in Justice as Fairness

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Mandle
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
The Senses

The publication of Political Liberalismhas allowed John Rawls to bring to the fore issues that remained in the background of A Theory of Justice. His explicit attention to the concept of ‘the reasonable’ is a welcome development. In a more recent publication, he affirms the importance of this concept, ‘while [granting] that the idea of the reasonable needs a more thorough examination than Political Liberalism offers.’ In this paper, I will present a critical exposition of the senses of the reasonable on which justice as fairness relies. Rawls employs the term in four main contexts. I will outline these various senses and argue that in each case, a controversy in the secondary literature can be resolved by close attention to the concept of the reasonable. In three of these contexts, Rawls relies on what I will call a ‘strong’ sense of the reasonable, while in one he sometimes seems to rely on a ‘weak’ sense. I argue that justice as fairness is best served by relying on a strong sense throughout.

scholarly journals Topics in Contemporary Legal Argumentation: Some Remarks on the Topical Nature of Legal Argumentation in the Continental Law Tradition

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Guenther Kreuzbauer
Keyword(s):  
Weak Sense ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Legal Argumentation ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Argumentation Schemes ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Ancient Times

The article discusses topics in the context of contemporary legal argumentation. It starts with a sketch of the development of topics from ancient times until the present day. Here the author focuses on the theory of the German legal philosopher Theodor Viehweg, which was most influential to legal argumentation in the 20th century. Then a modern concept of topics is introduced and finally the author discusses the role of topics in contemporary legal argumentation. In this part the distinction between topoi in the weak sense (practically all argumentation schemes) and in the strong sense (specific legal topoi as listed by Gerhard Struck in 1971 is introduced. The author argues that Viehweg’s claim that topics plays an important role in legal argumentation is problematic, because topoi in the weak sense are certainly of high importance, but this is almost trivial. Topoi in the strong sense on the other hand are only of minor importance for legal practice. What characterises legal discourse much more is a set specific pragmatic discourse rules, discussed at the end of the paper.

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