Numismatic Material of the 15th—16th Centuries from Burials near the Village of Kovashi, Leningrad Oblast

In the fall of 2019, the archaeological expedition of the Institute of History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences carried out excavations in the Lomonosov district of the Leningrad region, in the village of Kovashi. During the course of the excavations, a previously unknown burial ground of the 15th—16th centuries was investigated, including at least 97 burials. Among the burial items, the most significant ones are 33 coins of Novgorod and Pskov Republics’ emission, of Principality of All Rus during the reigns of Ivan III, Vasily III and Ivan IV. The composition of the numismatic collection from the burials of the Kovashi burial ground reflected the most important changes that took place in the financial sphere of the Novgorod Republic during the period of its independence ceding to Moscow. Coins found in the tombs have become the leading chronological indicator, allowing us to refine both the dating of individual graves containing money and the functioning of all of the burial ground by following the process of its development. Fixation of the “obol of the dead” among the population of the Vodskaya Pyatina supplements the available data on the burial rites of the local population and their idea of the afterlife.

THE MISSING LINK IN THE STUDY OF THE PHONETIC SYSTEM OF THE INGRIAN FINNISH SUBDIALECTS

Research by L. Y. Galakhova about the peculiarities of consonant behavior in the Finnish subdialects of Ingria, which was done in the 1960 in the Leningrad oblast, saw the light half a century after the work had been done. It would seem that science has gone far ahead, but we can assess the historical significance of Lydia Yakovlevna’s work as one of the stages of Russian dialectology. A student of Professor Z. M. Dubrovina, Lydia Yakovlevna repeatedly interned at the University of Helsinki and had an excellent command of the Finnish language and modern research methods. She taught at the Department of Finno-Ugric Philology at St. Petersburg State University from 1965 until the end of her life. According to Z. M. Dubrovina, “the material recorded by L. Y. Galakhova in 1960-1970 from the Finns of the Leningrad oblast and her observations are of undoubted value for the history of the Finnish language” [Dubrovina, 11].

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF RECURRENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN IN MODERN CONDITIONS: CLINICAL CASE REPORTS

The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis (TB) has been improving steadily in recent years however, in the structure of TB patients, there is a high proportion of patients with multidrugresistant/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens and people with HIV and TB co-infection. As a result, cases of TB disease in children with many risk factors for unfavorable outcome of therapy are recorded, leading to subsequent relapse. the aim of the work was to analyze possible causes of formation and structure of clinical forms of recurrence of TB in children. A retrospective analysis of outpatient cards and medical records of children of residents of the Leningrad region, who had a TB relapse, was carried out. It has been established that in Leningrad Oblast, there were 3 cases of recidivism of TB among children registered from 2011 to 2020. The main risk factor for the development of primary TB was the lack of immunization against TB due to perinatal contact with an HIV-infected mother. The provoking factors of TB relapse were the occurrence of exogenous superinfection of TB, the presence of HIV infection in the child, the presence of large residual changes after primary TB, close contact with a TB patient with an XDR of the causative agent.

Rural population dependence on the level of agricultural development: panel data analysis of Leningrad oblast

Rural development has been and remains a relevant government task. Dynamic structural and technological changes in the agricultural sector lead to the need of reassessing the mutual influence of the level of development of agricultural production and rural areas. The study deals with quantitative assessment of the dependence of rural population size as an integral indicator of socio-economic well-being of rural areas on selected factors and indicators that characterize the level of agricultural development, its sectoral specifics and the structure of agricultural producers. Empirical estimates were obtained from panel data of municipal districts in Leningrad oblast for 2012-2018. The greatest positive impact on the rural population size among the considered characteristics of agriculture is determined for the factor of sown areas that is associated with the specifics of agricultural sub-sectors, their different needs for such factors as land and labor, the development potential for small-scale farming. It was found that the concentration of agricultural production in the large commercial sector has a negative impact on the rural population size. This is explained by difference in employment dynamics and redistribution of resources between categories of agricultural producers. Modeling results showed that agrarian subsidies received by agricultural producers have a statistically insignificant impact on rural population that justifies the need to adjust the orientation and forms of agricultural state support to achieve a synergetic effect on rural development.

Psychological Information in the Content of a Modern Journal

The article is the result of a study of the significance of expert psychological information, as well as information of a socio-psychological plan for journalistic materials; the work was carried out by the editorial office of Gatchinskaya Pravda newspaper (Leningrad Oblast). Psychological information in the media as an object of linguistic research has not been studied previously, the novelty of the work lies in the psycho-linguistic approach to the study of the question and to attempt correlation comparative studies of the authors with the study of peculiarities of perception of media texts of the contemporary audience. The article deals with verbal forms of social and psychological information presentation in the media, mainly in journal publications as a form of dialogue or monologue with the reader on a certain topic; the reasons for the audience’s access to psychological information in a modern magazine and the intent of the demand for texts containing such information are studied. To do this, we first studied the level of readers’ awareness of the types and forms of media information, as well as the degree of demand for knowledge of a socio-psychological orientation. The main object of research is language markers of psychological information. The relevance of the topic is explained by the great interest of magazine readers, as shown by media ratings, to psychological information. As part of the study of modern psychological techniques of media influence, the authors analyzed the results of research by psychologists and psychiatrists, who state an increase in the level of anxiety in the current psychological and emotional state of people. Doctors associate the causes of some anxiety disorders with the consumption of media information, the imposition of advice, recommendations, and lifestyle at the angle of presentation as psychological information. The article describes the results of media research; it is noted that information of a socio-psychological plan plays an important role in shaping the audience’s worldview and has a socio-psychological impact on it. The features and types of this influence are considered; the results of surveys of magazine readers are given, since the magazine is one of the mass media that publishes analytical and informative materials. The authors make an attempt to explain a certain degree of obsession with psychological information to the reader in the media; they indicate the reasons identified in the course of research for this communicative psychological strategy, bordering on and sometimes directly related to the manipulative actions of the author or publisher. Keywords: media text, mass communication media, personality, language tools, psycholinguistics, information, psychological information

OPEN AIR CELEBRATIONS IN LENINGRAD'S SUBURBS IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL TOURISM IN THE 1950S (THE CASE OF PALACE AND GARDEN COMPLEX OF PAVLOVSK (LENINGRAD OBLAST, THE USSR))

Palace and garden complexes located at suburbs of Leningrad (Leningrad Oblast, the USSR) rapidly reconstructed after ruinous German occupation during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 became popular places for open air celebrations among Soviet citizens. The author outlines historic specifics of open air celebrations considered as a form of organization of leisure time, topics and content of cultural programs, analyses an evolution of forms of museum communication with visitors in early post-war time drawing on the example of Pavlovsk of the 1950s. The article gives the author's view on a role of integration historical and cultural resources (including monuments of architecture and decorative art) into the context of solution of personal growth, educational, recreational tasks of Soviet social pedagogics, measures aimed at state support to domestic tourism sector.

Uncertainty Impact on Companies’ Investment Activities: The Case of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast

The article proposes and tests the hypothesis that agents who feel uncertainty reduce investment in their business. The theoretical basis for this hypothesis goes back to the ideas of J.M. Keynes and his followers. According to these ideas, uncertainty is not measurable, and investment is determined by “cheerfulness”. We hypothesize that a strong sense of uncertainty can narrow the planning horizon – giving rise to investor myopia – and reduce the “degree of cheerfulness”, thereby reducing investment. Unique data on perceptions of uncertainty and incentives to invest were obtained from surveys of more than 400 heads of enterprises in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast in March 2018. Econometric analysis shows that this hypothesis cannot be rejected.

Elite objects from kurgans on the Oyat River (Leningrad Oblast)

This paper considers fragments of elite objects of the 10th–12th century from kurgans on the Oyat River. It is silk textiles, embroidered collars, and gold-woven threads. The authors arrived at the conclusion about the high price of these objects and the hypothetical place of their manufacture. Possibly, there were centres to which silk cloths and silk threads were imported and where women, to the extent of their skill, embroidered some details of clothes, then distrib- uted throughout a considerable territory. The rather inconsiderable qualitative level of the embroidering does not allow us to attribute the collars from the Ladoga kurgans to products of the grand-ducal workshops but the expensive materials (silk and gold-woven threads) could not have been objects of simple domestic needlework.