scholarly journals Les nouveaux pays industrialisés : Stratégies de développement industriel – le cas de la Corée du Sud et du Brésil

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Alain Albert ◽  
Maxime A. Crener
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
International Division ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Know How ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Divergent Development

In the introductory remarks of this article the authors examine the birth of the newly industrialized countries and the emergence of a new international division of labor. After stressing the two modes of the industrial strategy followed by these countries, the authors look at two newly industrialized countries (Brazil and South Korea). These specific countries due to the interplay of both, objective factors (natural resources, location, manpower...) and policy choices have followed divergent development strategies. The authors conclude that it is not so much the classical policy dilemma import substitution vs expert promotion that will determine the future of these semi-industrialized countries, than their ability to master the technological know-how that sustains their industrial development. The new technological trends in robotics and telematics constitute powerful factors of relocation which may threaten the long run growth prospects of the semi-industrialized countries.

The Impact of Trade Openness on Environmental Pollution

2015 ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Cetin ◽  
Fahri Seker ◽  
Hakan Cavlak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
The Impact

This chapter analyzes the impact of trade openness on environmental pollution in the newly industrialized countries that have focused on trade over the period 1971-2010 by using recently developed panel unit root, cointegration, and causality tests. The results indicate a cointegration relationship between the variables. The results also show that trade openness increases carbon dioxide emissions with the elasticity of 0.53 and there is a Granger causality running from trade openness to carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. These findings may provide some policy implications. Without taking into account impact of trade on pollutions, optimistic environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis would be invalid. Therefore, policymakers who decide on environment policies should pay attention to not only growth effects but also trade effects on pollutions. Future empirical analysis would expose the new evidences for governmental policies and environmental regulations to change these effects positively.

Methodology for the Development of Hardware Startups

2016 ◽  
Vol 1140 ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Stock ◽  
Günther Seliger
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Modelling Methods

Startups can substantially contribute to the industrial development in the early and newly industrialized countries by transforming technological inventions into products and services. By means of the market dynamics of cooperation and competition in global value creation and knowledge networks, new products and services can conduce to a global industrial development. Hence, in pursuance of an efficient and effective startup development, this paper will present a new methodology for the integrated development of the product and of the business model for a hardware startup. Hardware startups address the development of innovative tangible products. The hardware product itself may consist of mechanical, electronical, and software components. The methodology is based on a micro cycle for the problem-solving procedure on the level of single process steps as well as on a macro cycle as procedure for the overall integrated development of the startup. For each phase of the macro cycle, specific modelling methods for the product and business model are proposed. Finally, a proof of concept on the basis of a student startup, which is developing a micro wind turbine, will be presented.

Tourism, Poverty and Carbon Emissions in Newly Industrialized Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufaro GARIDZIRAI ◽  
Clement MOYO
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Run

Poverty has become one of the major concerns in Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC). NIC are shifting from primary sectors to modern sectors, such as tourism, which are envisaged to improve economic growth, employment and eventually minimize poverty. On the other hand, the sector is likely to cause carbon emission, a factor which has created several debates in academic research. To contribute to this academic research, the study examines the effect of tourism on poverty and carbon emissions in NIC. To achieve this purpose, the study employs the Pooled Mean Group model from 1995-2017. Two regression models are used namely: the poverty and carbon emission models. The poverty model reveals that tourism activities promote poverty alleviation both in the short-run and long-run. On the other hand, the carbon emission model suggests that tourism activities contribute positively to carbon emissions in the long run. Furthermore, the results suggest that tourism activities may have a larger effect on carbon emission over the long-term. Based on the results, the study therefore recommends the introduction of measures to accelerate sustainable tourism which will strike a balance between the current as well the future impact of tourism activities.

scholarly journals Industrial Development Strategy and Stimulator Industry of Iran’s Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Bijan Bidabad
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

With a glance on planning methodology, we try to analyze “Iran’s industrial development strategy proposition”. This proposition to somehow covers the requirements of Iran’s economic development strategy, and in this regard can be treated as an economic strategy plan and not industrial strategy plan. Approaches of this proposition-ignoring its long-run quantitative forecasts- can be used as a general solution to Iran’s long-run structural problems and can be summarized by international linkages and competitiveness as the main proposed strategies. But this proposition does not introduce stimulator engine sector of the economy; in this paper, we try to touch this nomination via an input-output sectoral linkages framework. We conclude that, to start of Iran’s economic fast growth, sectors of glass and glassware, cement, mine, other mineral & non-ferrous products, basic steel and iron mill products, paper & wood industries, chemical & plastic industries, copper & copper products, water and electricity in turn should be activated more to fulfill the needs for intermediate products in the economy. The sectors of foodstuff industries, aluminum, and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, copper and copper products, steel and iron mill products are able to increase the demand for intermediate products of other sectors more than the others. Basic steel and steel mill products, copper and copper products, aluminum and other basic non-ferrous metals products, cement, paper, and wood industries, glass and glassware, other mineral non-ferrous products, chemical industries, and plastic are more integrated than the others relating both forward and backward linkages. Machinery and equipment, basic products of steel and iron mill, chemical industries and plastic are mainly based on import and share of intermediate import to production of aluminum sectors and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, chemical industries, and plastic, basic steel and iron mill products, machinery and equipment industries is more than the other sectors. Aluminum and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, foodstuffs industries, basic products of steel and steel mill have a higher multiplier effect in increasing economy income, in other words, it is possible to consider them as pioneer sectors and economy stimulator engine. Aluminum and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, foodstuff industries, basic products of steel and iron mill have more affect the growth of other sectors. Sectors of chemical and plastic industries, agriculture, transportation services, warehouse keeping and communications, commercial services provide the highest amount of input for other sectors. We consider two scenarios for Iran’s industrial strategy as foodstuffs industries sector with export promotion, and the second, metals sectors (aluminum and other basic products of non-ferrous metals, basic products of steel and iron mill) with export promotion and import substitution.  

SAVING–INVESTMENT DYNAMICS AND CAPITAL MOBILITY IN THE NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (02) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
SMRUTI RANJAN BEHERA
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Investment Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Ols ◽  
Interest Rate Differentials

This paper examines the dynamics of saving–investment (S–I) relationship in a group of 10 newly industrialized countries (NICs) over the period from 1970 to 2010 using a panel error correction model. By applying the Pedroni and Westerlund cointegration tests, we find that the saving and investment are cointegrated. We apply the fully modified OLS and dynamic OLS to a set of panel error correction models to estimate the short-and long-run relationship between S–I rates and interest rate differentials. We find that the degree of capital mobility is higher when the NICs are more open to their capital control policies after 1980s.

The Dynamics of Export-Oriented Growth in a Second Generation Nic: Perspectives on the Turkish Case, 1980-1990

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 75-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Öniş
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Liberal Reform ◽  
Turkish Case

Can a new generation of countries emerge and establish themselves as major exporters of manufactures on the basis neo-liberal economic policies and thus replicate the outstanding performance of the first generation Asian and Latin American newly industrialized countries (NICs)? The article seeks to answer this question on the basis of a case-study, Turkey, a country which has managed to undertake a significant switch from import-substitution to export-orientation under an essentially neo-liberal reform package. The central argument may be summarized as follows. Neo-liberal reforms, when combined with a number of favourable “external conditions”, are quite successful in terms of engineering a shift of the existing productive capacity from import-substitution towards exports. Yet, such policies, on the whole, are less successful in terms of generating the level of investment necessary to sustain rapid growth in manufactured exports over time and also to achieve a steady process of export deepening. A sustained breakthrough in manufactured export growth cannot be realized by trade liberalization and exchange rate policy alone. Macroeconomic management and strategic industrial policy are likely to play a key role, particularly following the initial and comparatively easy phase of export-substitution.

Evaluating basketball player’s rotation line-ups performance via statistical markov chain modelling

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110090
Author(s):  
Pavlos Kolias ◽  
Nikolaos Stavropoulos ◽  
Alexandra Papadopoulou ◽  
Theodoros Kostakidis
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Specific Rotation ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Know How ◽  
Basketball Game ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rotation Line ◽  
Rating Category

Coaches in basketball often need to know how specific rotation line-ups perform in either offense or defense and choose the most efficient formation, according to their specific needs. In this research, a sample of 1131 ball possession phases of Greek Basket League was utilized, in order to estimate the offensive and defensive performance of each formation. Offensive and defensive ratings for each formation were calculated as a function of points scored or received, respectively, over possessions, where possessions were estimated using a multiple regression model. Furthermore, a Markov chain model was implemented to estimate the probabilities of the associated formation’s performance in the long run. The model could allow us to distinguish between overperforming and underperforming formations and revealed the probabilities over the evolution of the game, for each formation to be in a specific rating category. The results indicated that the most dominant formation, in terms of offense, is Point Guard-Point Guard-Small Forward-Power Forward-Center, while defensively schema Point Guard-Shooting Guard-Small Forward-Center-Center had the highest rating. Such results provide information, which could operate as a supplementary tool for the coach’s decisions, related to which rotation line-up patterns are mostly suitable during a basketball game.

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