scholarly journals Comparaison internationale de l’utilisation de la main-d’oeuvre dans l’industrie : un programme linéaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Ruth Rose Parker
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Educational Planning ◽  
Constant Factor ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Dynamic Version ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This linear programming model for educational planning, by allowing for choice among techniques of production, permits the introduction of non-constant factor substitution into the production function. The model is applied to educational planning in France and treats simultaneously four kinds of educated manpower and capital in the seven major industrial sectors of an economy. Alternative techniques are drawn from seven other countries for which reasonably comparable data are available. These techniques of production define the production function and determine the demand for educated manpower and capital independently of the supply of these factors. An initial static model maximizes GNP (holding its composition constant) subject to a fixed supply of manpower and capital. The model thus tests whether supply is the constraining factor in the choice of technique in theshort run. In the case tested, it is. In the dynamic version of the model, supply is allowed to increase by means of education (for manpower) and investment (for physical capital). Consumable GNP, that is GNP net of the cost of education and investment, is maximized. Terminal capital stock problems make it impossible to test the model directly. The problem is then broken down into two steps: the identification of the techniques (one for each industry) which permit the greatest net contribution to GNP, and the movement in time towards these "optimal" techniques. The first of these steps is solved using a dual version of the model, but the second is not attempted in this paper.

Biased Technical Change, Scale, and Factor Substitution in American Industry, 1850–1919

1986 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Cain ◽  
Donald G. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
Factor Price ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Price Movements ◽  
The Cost

Biased technical change, scale economies, and factor substitution were part of U.S. manufacturing's technical response to factor price movements during the period 1850 to 1919. In this article we employ the cost dual of a Generalized Leontief production function to test directly for the presence of these three effects for nineteen two-digit manufacturing sectors. Biased technical change is found in all but one sector; scale economies in all but two; factor substitutability, in all but five. Estimates of scale and bias effects for labor, capital, and materials are presented by sector, and the results are compared with other recent work.

The Funding of Higher Education: An Empirical Examination of the Cost of Education in Business Schools

Abacus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Houghton ◽  
Nancy Bagranoff ◽  
Christine Jubb
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Minimising negative externalities cost using 0-1 mixed integer linear programming model in e-commerce environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akyene Tetteh ◽  
Sarah Dsane-Nsor
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Background: Although the Internet boosts business profitability, without certain activities like efficient transportation, scheduling, products ordered via the Internet may reach their destination very late. The environmental problems (vehicle part disposal, carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen oxide [NOx] and hydrocarbons [HC]) associated with transportation are mostly not accounted for by industries.Objectives: The main objective of this article is to minimising negative externalities cost in e-commerce environments.Method: The 0-1 mixed integer linear programming (0-1 MILP) model was used to model the problem statement. The result was further analysed using the externality percentage impact factor (EPIF).Results: The simulation results suggest that (1) The mode of ordering refined petroleum products does not impact on the cost of distribution, (2) an increase in private cost is directly proportional to the externality cost, (3) externality cost is largely controlled by the government and number of vehicles used in the distribution and this is in no way influenced by the mode of request (i.e. Internet or otherwise) and (4) externality cost may be reduce by using more ecofriendly fuel system.

Washington: The Cost-of-Education Controversy

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-64
Author(s):  
John P. Mallan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Education ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals PELATIHAN DAN SOSIALISASI SISTEM INFORMASI KEUANGAN PADA SEKOLAH ISLAM TERPADU PEKANBARU

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Wenni Syafitri ◽  
Muhamad Sadar ◽  
Eddisyah Putra Pane
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Poor Students ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reporting Mechanism ◽  
The Cost

SMP IT Madani as one of the schools that apply the concept of islamic in its education practice. SMPIT Madani is a school formed by amil zakat self-supporting institution ummah Riau by using theconcept of free school. SMP IT stands in 2011 with a total of 20 students. Over time, the currentnumber of junior Madani IT students amounted to 75 students. The average students who attendjunior high school IT is the students who come from poor families.SMP IT Madani has received School Operational Assistance (BOS) a few years back. The BOSprogram uses a different approach than Special Assistance for Students (BKM) ie BOS funds are notgiven to poor students but are provided to schools and managed by schools. The mechanism forcalculating BOS funds is based on the number of students in each school. So the goal of this BOScan be achieved is to free the cost of education for poor students or not able and can alleviate forother students so they can get 9 years basic education services.The obligations of schools receiving BOS programs should report the realization of the use of theprogram to the government. Currently schools are having difficulties to make reporting realizationof BOS program to government and foundation. Differences in reporting formats to foundations andgovernments make the school experience serious problems. If it does not sync between reportingbetween the government and the foundation will cause many other questions and problems. Wheninterviewed, the school is very eager for this matter to be resolved immediately.Based on the problems of the partners, it can be concluded the solution of the problem is a reportinginformation system synchronized to the government and the foundation. So that SMP IT Madani nolonger experience obstacles to the reporting of BOS program activities. As a result the name ofUnilak increasingly fragrant in the eyes of society, especially SMP IT Madani.Method of implementation of activities used is direct observation to the location of partners toperform the first phase, this stage includes data collection and data processing. When this stage takesplace, we will get an overview of the Information Technology environment, and the partner's needfor the BOS program reporting mechanism. After the first phase is done, it will be held the secondphase of socialization, this stage to do the sosiasisasi about the benefits of synchronizing BOSreporting to the government and the foundation. Then in the third stage, the authors do the designand implementation of BOS reporting system based on information obtained from the foundation.Finally, the training phase: Each partner school sends its representative two people, to attend trainingon the use of reporting system that can synchronize BOS and foundation reporting.

scholarly journals Infrastructure development in Africa’s regions: investment trends and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Alina Ibragimova ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Michail Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Industrial Sectors

The purpose of this work is to provide information on the development of the infrastructure of the African economy. The study provides statistics on African regions and industries. This article focuses on the forms of economic and social infrastructure, and directs to determine the share development infrastructural in Africa. The Africa has entered an era of devastating change this study shows that with the unfolding economic downturn in the northern economies that have traditionally dominated the global economy. The article provides empirical evidence on how the industrial sectors developed from an economic point of view. The authors believe that infrastructure affects output and productivity directly as a contribution to the production function of other sectors and as part of GDP formation. The article discusses the development of infrastructure for the period 1999-2019 without more detailed dynamics. It also does not explain the main topics developed by the authors. The work provides knowledge on how investments are developing in Africa, how industries have developed, and what is the role of each infrastructure sector in this development. It also shows how different areas of infrastructure work with different successes in creating new paths in the African economy.

scholarly journals Logistic platform placement for harmonious development of the nation’s intermodal network

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rafael Arevalo Ascanio ◽  
Rafael Santofimio Rivera ◽  
Jair Eduardo Rocha González ◽  
Wilson Adarme Jaimes
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Mixed Programming ◽  
Aggregation And Disaggregation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
The Cost

This article considers the problem of locating multiple installations for the intermodal transport network in Colombia, and is based on the analysis of the transport of cargo from the main generating cities to the three most important port cities in the Caribbean region of the country: Barranquilla, Cartagena and Santa Marta; integrating the modes of transport by land, road and river. According to this, land transport by road is used from the source of cargo to the possible locations of the logistic platforms, and then the Magdalena River basin is used as a unique river corridor. The model proposed consists of determining the optimal location of a series of logistic platforms that guarantee a system of integration and cooperation in transport strategies for the country, in which aggregation and disaggregation of freight operations will be possible. In this aspect, an entire mixed programming model is performed with the objective of minimizing the total costs of transport and operation of the new intermodal network, with restrictions associated with the generation and processing of cargo, obtaining results in the cost functions related to cargo transport and leaving as evidence the potential of integrating intermodal transport for the country's competitiveness. 

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN BARANG DI PT.SINAR NIAGA SEJAHTERA PALU MENGGUNAKAN METODE GOAL PROGRAMMING

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Hidaen ◽  
A I Jaya ◽  
Resnawati Resnawati
Keyword(s):  
Goal Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Goal Programming Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Distribution Cost

PT.Sinar Niaga Sejahtera isone ofdistributorin Palu who distribute products to a variety of shops. Goal Programming is a method that can solve the problem with more than one purposes. The purposes of this study are  to maximize the number of the car and minimize the distribution  cost of  PT.Sinar Niaga Sejahtera. Goal Programming model formulationin this research consistsof 6 priorities and 6 function constraints. The sixth priorities are,warehous capacity, the number of cars used to the distribution of goods to store Sinar Kasih II,store Cahaya Indah, store Bintang  Rezeki, store Hi. Abdullah, and a minimum distribution costs. Constraint functions consist of a number of cars and the cost of distribution. The research results showed that the supply of goods by the warehouse capacity that can fulfiil the necessary distribution of goods during the month amounted to 136.93 or 8.628 box Optimal volume distribution of goods in each store are sequentially Sinar Kasih II which is 2 units with a capacity of 4  or 252 box, Cahaya Indah 3 units with a capacity of 7  or 441 box, Hi. Abdullah 2 units with a capacity of 12 or 756 box and Star 2 cars Rezeki capacity of 4 . This model can save the distribution costs of Rp. 7.127.147 from the previous distribution costs of Rp. 35.000.000.

scholarly journals Determination of cost coefficients of priority-based water allocation linear programming model – a network flow approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 15033-15070
Author(s):  
F. N.-F. Chou ◽  
C.-W. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Network Flow ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Original System ◽  
Linear Constraints ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
River Reservoir ◽  
Link Cost ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. This paper presents a method to establish the objective function of a network flow programming model for simulating river/reservoir system operations and associated water allocation, with an emphasis on situations when the links other than demand or storage have to be assigned with nonzero cost coefficients. The method preserves the priorities defined by rule curves of reservoir, operational preferences for conveying water, allocation of storage among multiple reservoirs, and trans-basin water diversions. Path enumeration analysis transforms these water allocation rules into linear constraints that can be solved to determine link cost coefficients. An approach to prune the original system into a reduced network is proposed to establish the precise constraints of nonzero cost coefficients which can then be efficiently solved. The cost coefficients for the water allocation in the Feitsui and Shihmen Reservoirs joint operating system of northern Taiwan was adequately assigned by the proposed method. This case study demonstrates how practitioners can correctly utilize network-flow-based models to allocate water supply throughout complex systems that are subject to strict operating rules.

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