SUB-NATIONAL INNOVATION POLICY: A UNIVERSAL ENTITLEMENT TO EDUCATION GRANT IN SABANG, INDONESIA

This article studies a universal entitlement to education grant in Sabang that shows policy making at subnational government level in Indonesia. The policy is designed and implemented by Sabang municipality of Aceh province to help students at primary and secondary schools who would otherwise struggle with the cost of education. Desk study and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the major and high-ranking officials from related government departments in Sabang. The results show the central - local relations has not been easy to be understood by lower tier of governments. While the distribution of authorities between central and subnational government (such as: in education development functions) has not been well defined, the Sabang Education Grant (SEG) has been evidence of how a municipality government exercise the discretion and decision-making power. The transfer of authority and responsibility under the decentralization is instrumental in supporting the SEG policy formulation. The sub-national governments at special regions were given an authority to formulate policies to ensure all students have access to educational services. To implement this policy, Sabang municipality government regulate the operational procedures to implement the processes, define the technical guideline, establish the expert and management team as well as provide the tools to support the policy implementation.

Economic conditions for the development of world educational systems in the context of globalization

The role of education as a socio-economic variable of the country in the context of globalization is constantly growing. Its multidimensionality is the subject to the functions implemented in the relations between society and the economy. The social, cultural, spiritual and educational function of education is a significant and indisputable subject of study in the relevant sciences. The recognition of the economic role of education, the development of estimates its effectiveness and the direction of its growth is a problem which solution depends on whether the striking discrepancy between the productivity of education and the expectations of the economy regarding its importance will be canceled. Obviously, the economic role of education is realized, first of all, in relation to its economic growth. As the development of intellectual potential is a product of the education system that develops new knowledge, provides innovative and technological improvement of production and its embodiment in an increase in the social product, which stimulates economic growth. The aim of this paper is a scientific and experimental review of the economic conditions for the development of world educational systems in the context of globalization. The main background to the development of education is the proper investment in it. Typically for European countries is the fact that most expenditures on education is in the form of government consumption, although it is the consumers who actually spend the most. However, measuring costs only in this way significantly underestimates them, since a more subtle form of costs is completely missed: the opportunity cost of lost wages, since some students are not able to be involved in employment during their studies. It is estimated that the total cost, including the alternative cost of education, are twice the direct costs.

Konsep diri dan motivasi melanjutkan pendidikan ke perguruan tinggi pada remaja panti asuhan “x”

The low number of high school graduates in Purworejo who continue their education to college is caused by the students’ concerns about the high cost of education and lack of student confidence in their abilities. One of those who experienced this was an orphanage teenager. Teenagers in orphanages are teenagers who are deliberately entrusted by their parents to get a decent life and education. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and motivation to continue education to college. The sample recruitment was determined using cluster random sampling method and found 81 teenage orphanages as participants. The instruments used are the Motivation Scale Continuing Education to Higher Education with 43 (a = 0.930) and the Self Concept Scale with 25 (a = 0.870). The results of a simple regression analysis showed that there is a significant positive relationship between self-concept and motivation to continue education to college (F = 105.700; p < 0.05; r = 0.756). SE contributed 57,632% of the motivation to continue their education to college. Keywords: Motivation to continue study to the college, orphanage teenager, self-concept

Explaining Loyalty in Higher Education: A Model and Comparative Analysis from the Policy of Gratuity, a Case Applied to Chile

Since the 1980s, numerous transformations in higher education were experienced in Latin America, and especially in Chile, a country that allowed private entities to enter the education systems and develop a market. The opportunity triggered an increase of coverage and competition to capture and retain students, followed by marketing strategies delivering student satisfaction and pursuing student loyalty. Moreover, since 2012, higher education institutions in Chile have been allowed to adopt a policy of gratuity, giving families the co-responsibility of dealing with the cost of education. So, some institutions adopted gratuity and continued receiving funds from the state, but others did not, relying instead on family income. The split in the financial responsibility of higher education seems to have generated varied reactions from the students and their families, including their satisfaction with and loyalty to the institution. Despite the abundant literature on higher education, however, a few studies attempt to explain and compare student satisfaction and loyalty across types of institutions, such as those that opted for gratuity versus those that did not. This study examines a set of relevant attributes for understanding that phenomenon; attributes such as quality of service, satisfaction, trust, commitment, and loyalty. The results reveal a prevalence of trust and familiarity among the students attending an institution with gratuity. In contrast, the results demonstrate a preponderance of commitment and satisfaction among the students attending a non-gratuity institution that relies on family, private, and personal funds to support their education.

THE COLLEGE SELECTION BASED ON THE EDUCATION COST, UNIVERSITY IMAGE AND LECTURER QUALITY

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of education cost, university image and quality of lecturers on student decisions to choose a college. To achieve the proposed goals, a model is applied that reflects the effect of education costs, university image and quality of lecturers on student decisions to choose universities. This model was tested through the use of multiple linear regression equations and the sample was 388 student candidates. The conceptual model shows that the image of a university is the most influential construct on student decisions to choose a campus, followed by the quality of lecturers and the cost of education. In this paper, the cost of education variable produces a reliability of 0.861, a college image of 0.918 and a lecturer quality of 0.937. Further research is needed in order to find more reliable measurements of indicators of education cost, university image and quality of lecturers. The image of a university is the highest impression that is in the minds of students in choosing a university, followed by the quality of lecturers and the cost of education. Proven. The results show that the image of the university, the quality of the lecturers and the cost of education have an influence on student decisions to choose a campus.

Motivasi Karir, Motivasi Gelar, Persepsi Biaya Pendidikan, Parental Influence dan Minat Mengikuti PPAk

Accounting profession education is important because it can produce professional accountants, but the interest in following it is currently still low. This study aims to determine the effect of career motivation, degree motivation, perceived cost of education, and parental influence on interest in pursuing accounting profession education. The population is all active students of accounting in the morning and evening regular FEB Unud class of 2017 as many as 287. The sample collection technique is the purposive sampling method. The number of samples is 143 with the data collection method using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that career motivation and degree motivation have an effect on interest in attending accounting profession education, perceptions of educational costs and parental influence have no effect on interest in PPAk. Keywords: Career Motivation; Degree Motivation; Perceptions of Education Costs; Parental Influence; Accountant Professional Education.

Reflections on the Drive to Return Mission Schools to their Owners in Nigeria

The issue of whether the government in Nigeria should return the schools taken from the religious organizations over four decades ago is a topic for debate. While many are arguing that such schools should be returned to their owners, others, want the government to stay action on it. It however needs not be over-emphasized that the policy of government control of schools has to a large extent guaranteed equal educational opportunities, quality education provision, increased access to education, religious tolerance, and improved national unity. When viewed from another perspective, can Nigeria afford to take another risk by returning the schools to the Missions, more so that issues of unemployment, high cost of education, religious intolerance, among others, are prevalent in the country, which the return of the schools will promote to a high level? In this paper, the roles which the Christian Missions played in the educational system were examined while the arguments for and against this initiative were examined. It is hopeful that with adequate financing, effective supervision of schools, standards put in place by the government, the agitation of people for the return of schools to the original owners will become history.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BANGLADESH EDUCATION SYSTEM BEFORE AND AFTER COVID 19

Our Bangladesh education system has been worse after the covid 19 pandemics as today’s world is highly interconnected. The severe risk is the outbreak of this virus is not limited to the national border rather worldwide. It has created extreme unfavorable pressure regardless of education level, gender or income. In this research paper, our main objective was to discover the condition of the Bangladesh education system before and after the pandemic. In our country, after the surge of covid 19, the outcome of the unemployment problem, Cost of education, academic performance, Quality of teaching, has been altered undoubtedly. The data was collected from students of Dhaka and Chittagong cities. In our study, 52% of respondents were male, and 48% were male. The age proportion of the majority of the students (57%) is from 20-30. The education level of 85% of respondents is Graduation and Post-graduation. 48% of respondents are satisfied current education system of Bangladesh, but 40% of respondents are not satisfied as they perceive that the current education system of Bangladesh needs to be changed. Independent variables have been selected for this research. Our prominent was to identify how the variables impacted Bangladesh education system In Chittagong city, 57% of respondents believe that after the COVID pandemic, the Cost of education has been decreased. On the other hand, in Dhaka city, 67% of respondents convince that the Cost of education was declined. In the lockdown period, 50% of students of Chittagong city had spent most of the valuable time developing skills, whereas 34% of students in Dhaka city spent their time developing skills. For descriptive statistics, Bar chart, column chart, pie chart, etc., was used. For inferential statistics, Minitab and Excel were used. All of the three variables are categorical. A Chi-square test was performed to estimate the relationship between variables Bangladesh education systems. KEYWORDS: Worse, COVID 19 pandemic, Unemployment, Unethical

THE DECISION OF CHOOSING A UNIVERSITY: THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION COSTS

A Student Decision on Choosing a University: Impact of Education Costs. This study aims to analyze the effect of the cost of education on students' decisions to continue their studies in tertiary institutions. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research type. The research sample consisted of 380 respondents and statistically processed with the simple linear regression method using the SPSS version 26.0 application. The results showed that the cost of education had an effect on students' decision to choose a university. These findings indicate that higher education institutions must take into account the tuition fees charged to students. This is related to the level of students' ability to complete their studies at a college. Several studies have shown that in general the cost of education is important for universities to attract and retain students who are studying.

Child Labor in Karachi: Situation and Realities Behind Increased Number of Working Children

The number of working children in Karachi is increasing day by day, and the objective of this research study was to highlight the situation and explore the reasons behind it. For this purpose, using sequential exploratory research design, data was collected from working children and parents of some of the children and was analyzed using SPSS. It is concluded that parents and their children have a wish for education but because of the cost of education and other reasons are unable.