Marketing and its Social Implications - Concerns and Initiatives

Companies adopt marketing practices to delight their customers, develop customer relationships, and generate revenues and profits. However, sometimes, companies focus solely on their selfish motives of growth and prosperity forgetting about customer welfare and welfare of the society. Marketers are criticized for such practices and the negative impact created on the society. The practices include high prices of products, high distribution costs, high advertising and promotion costs, excessive mark-ups, deceptive practices, high-pressure selling, questionable products, planned obsolescence, and poor service to disadvantaged customers. Marketers are criticized for creating false wants and materialism, scarcity of social goods, and cultural pollution. They are accused of harming and reducing competition. In this age of social marketing, companies should consider societal concerns of various stakeholders and maintain a balance between their own objectives of generating revenues and profits and long-term societal requirements. This will help in sustaining the society.

OPTIMASI BIAYA PENGIRIMAN TELUR AYAM MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN MODEL TRANSPORTASI NWC DAN SOFTWARE LINGO

Distribution of goods from producers to the hands of consumers becomes one aspect in running a business that must be planned and taken into account in order to meet the needs of the market. Delivery of goods results in costs incurred and is one of the obstacles that are often faced. Problems in the distribution of goods include the amount of inventory, the amount of consumer demand, the distance traveled and the costs that come out during the delivery process. This study describes taking into account optimal postage with transportation methods to generate maximum efficiency costs. The problem faced in this case using the North West Corner (NWC) method, then the results of the data obtained were tested optimized using LINGO software. Before the research was conducted, the cost of postage incurred by the company is Rp.278.000. The results of the research obtained after applying the NWC is Rp.255.000 and LINGO software method is Rp.240.000. The purpose of this research is to get optimal costs on the distribution of chicken eggs to increase cost savings at Ayam Sehat.com Shop in Cimahi. Using the NWC method in this case can result in smaller distribution costs than before, then this NWC method can be applied to the Ayam Sehat.com shop

Low-carbon VRP for cold chain logistics considering real-time traffic conditions in the road network

PurposeThis paper studies low-carbon vehicle routing problem (VRP) for cold chain logistics with the consideration of the complexity of the road network and the time-varying traffic conditions, and then a low-carbon cold chain logistics routing optimization model was proposed. The purpose of this paper is to minimize the carbon emission and distribution cost, which includes vehicle operation cost, product freshness cost, quality loss cost, penalty cost and transportation cost.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposed a mathematical optimization model, considering the distribution cost and carbon emission. The improved Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II algorithm was used to solve the model to obtain the Pareto frontal solution set.FindingsThe result of this study showed that this model can more accurately assess distribution costs and carbon emissions than those do not take real-time traffic conditions in the actual road network into account and provided guidance for cold chain logistics companies to choose a distribution strategy and for the government to develop a carbon tax.Research limitations/implicationsThere are some limitations in the proposed model. This study assumes that there are only one distribution and a single type of vehicle.Originality/valueExisting research on low-carbon VRP for cold chain logistics ignores the complexity of the road network and the time-varying traffic conditions, resulting in nonmeaningful planned distribution routes and furthermore low carbon cannot be discussed. This study takes the complexity of the road network and the time-varying traffic conditions into account, describing the distribution costs and carbon emissions accurately and providing the necessary prerequisites for achieving low carbon.

Comparison of Support Programs for the Development of Photovoltaics in Poland: My Electricity Program and the RES Auction System

Poland has great potential for the development of renewable energy sources. The implementation of support systems dedicated to renewable sources has resulted in the installation of over 10,500 MW of installed capacity. At present, with high electricity prices, stimulated by the costs of CO2 emissions and the costs of fuel purchase, renewable energy sources are of particular importance in the transformation of the Polish power industry. The RES auction system and the My Electricity Program contributed to the growth of entrepreneurship and the development of the economy. Energy consumers, from passive ones, have become active market participants—prosumers. The RES auction system alone contributed to the creation of approx. 5 GWp of installed capacity of photovoltaics (PV) sources in 2016–2021, while the My Electricity Program contributed to the creation of approx. 2 GWp of installed capacity in PV installations in 2019–2021. The aim of the study is to compare the economic and social costs of two photovoltaic development programs, My Electricity and the RES auction system, from the point of view of the country (in support distribution costs—subsidies) and investors, renewable energy installations operators and prosumers to which these programs are targeted, namely, individuals and enterprises.

Evaluating Distribution Costs and CO2-Emissions of a Two-Stage Distribution System with Cargo Bikes: A Case Study in the City of Innsbruck

During the last years, e-commerce has grown rapidly. As a result, the number of parcel deliveries in urban areas is increasing, which affects the inner-city traffic and leads to congestion and air pollution, thereby decreasing the quality of life in cities. City administrators and logistic service providers have been working on the optimization of parcel distribution in order to alleviate congestion and reduce the negative impact on the environment. One of the solutions for environmentally friendly parcel distribution are two-stage distribution systems with city hubs. City hubs are facilities located close to the delivery area which are used as an enabling infrastructure to store and consolidate the parcels. For the last mile delivery from the city hub to final customers, zero emission vehicles, such as cargo bikes, can be used. Many studies have been conducted on this topic in recent years. This paper contributes to this research area by evaluating the implementation of such a two-stage distribution system with a city hub and cargo bikes in Innsbruck, Austria. The goal is to determine the best location for a city hub and the composition of the delivery fleet by minimizing the total distribution and CO2-emission cost. E-vans are used for the first and cargo bikes for the second stage of the parcel delivery. The problem is modeled as a vehicle routing problem with multiple trips and is solved in ArcGIS Pro, using the built-in routing solver. The analysis shows that all hub candidates provide comparably good results, with one potential station, the main station, showing the highest improvement compared to the basic system, with delivery by conventional vans. Savings in distribution costs of up to 30% can be achieved. Furthermore, by taking into account both indirect and direct emissions with a well-to-wheel approach, CO2-emissions can be reduced by 96%.

The Fight for Life: The Convergence of the Print Press in the Digital Media Industry

The mass media industry particularly print media in Indonesia comes under heavy pressure to survive in the era of digital disruption. High printing costs, coupled with high distribution costs and employee salaries have caused difficulties for print media companies to maintain their businesses. Some print media companies have opted to shut down their businesses, while others have to survive by making various efficient efforts and diversifying their businesses. The convergence of print media into digital media has offered an alternative to maintain print media as the management of Telaah Strategis magazine has done. This research aims to see the efforts made by the management of Telaah Strategis magazine to survive in the media industry in Indonesia. The results of this research show that Telaah Strategis magazine uses a variety of media convergence models to be able to maintain its task of disseminating information by transforming it into a news portal and digital magazine and appearing in the social media platform. In addition, it also markets its digital magazine at online product sale exchange.

Lowering Distribution Costs: The Key to Sustainable Health Development?

Recently selected as a winner of the government of Canada’s COVID-19: Digital clearinghouse challenge, our background work has uncovered that the cost of distribution can often be significantly higher than the cost of manufacture for high consumable medical supplies, like personal protective equipment (PPE). What’s worse, all of these costs are often not realized in suppliers’ pricing schedules, as further ‘hidden costs’ are incurred when governments procure centrally but use locally, demanding after the fact ‘sub distribution’. As the public and private sector alike look to rebuild stockpiles, how can we rethink the supply chain to maintain domestic production without simple subsidization? Conventionally, domestic suppliers have been unable to compete with overseas counterparts on price point. If distribution costs can be lowered, domestic supplies could become cheaper overall, more ethical and more sustainable. The key is in circumventing the architecture of a supply chain altogether — which is only as strong as its weakest link — and enabling an adaptive net that can match suppliers and distributors to orderers, enabling centralized procurement and direct, shortest path distribution at the same time. This strategy can improve the reliability, efficiency and resiliency of supply chains with impact on health costs.