scholarly journals Micro-fungi and mycotoxins in poultry dust

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (76/81) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pius A. Okiki ◽  
Anthony Ogbimi O.
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Poultry Dust ◽  
Stachybotrys Atra ◽  
Load Types

Dust in poultry confinement facilities were investigated for their fungi and mycotoxins contents. Concentrations of microfungiin the air of poultry confinement facilities were determined using air samplers, and fungal isolation from airby plate exposure. Settled dusts were investigated for their fungal load, types of fungi present and mycotoxins present.Microfungal load in settled dust and air of poultry confinements were found to be 3.5-42 x 106 cfu/g and 5-119 x105 cfu/m3 respectively. Fungi isolated from poultry confinements were: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceus Penicillium notatum, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium oxalicum, Trichodermaviride, Stachybotrys atra, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans, Cryptococus neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisae.Mycotoxins concentrations obtained from the analyses of sieved poultry dust were 21.32 + 2.35 ppb of aflatoxins,11.26 + 1.78 ppb of ochratoxins and 4.10 + 0.13 ppb of fumonisins. Aflatoxin concentrations and fungal loads in settleddust showed positive correlation with duration of dust deposition, but the former produced stronger association than thelatter (r = +0.991, P < 0.001 and r = +0.957, P < 0.02 respectively). Results obtained in this study indicate that poultrydust is rich in mirofungi and mycotoxins which could be of occupational health importance.

scholarly journals Characterization of Occupational Exposure To Fungal Burden in Portuguese Bakeries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Viegas ◽  
Tiago Faria ◽  
Liliana Aranha Caetano ◽  
Elisabete Carolino ◽  
Anita Quintal-Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dust Collector ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Aspergillus Section

Several studies reported adverse respiratory health effects in workers exposed to ambient contaminants in bakeries. The aim of this study was to examine worker exposure to fungi and mycotoxins in Portuguese bakeries in order to develop new policies in occupational health. Environmental samples such as air, surfaces, settled dust and electrostatic dust collector (EDC) were collected in 13 bakeries for fungal and mycotoxins assessment. Air samples obtained by impaction were performed applying malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.05%) and dichloran glycerol (DG18) agar-based media. Air samples collected through impinger method were determined as well for fungal detection by molecular tools of Aspergillus sections and mycotoxins. The highest median value for fungal load was 1053 CFU·m−3 and 65.3% (32 out of 49) of the sampling sites displayed higher fungal load than limits imposed by the World Health Organization. Aspergillus genera was found in air, surface swabs and EDC. Molecular tools were effective in measuring Aspergillus section Fumigati in 22.4% on air, 27.8% on surface swabs and in 7.4% in EDC and Aspergillus section Versicolores in one air sample. All settled dust samples showed contamination with six to eight mycotoxins in each sample. The mycotoxins detected were deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, griseofulvin, HT2, ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B and mycophenolic acid. Industrial hygienists and exposure assessors should rely on different sampling methods (active and passive) and different assays (culture based and molecular methods) to obtain an accurate risk characterization regarding fungal burden (fungi and mycotoxins). Additionally, the awareness for the raw material as a potential mycotoxins indoor contamination source is important.

In vitro effect of some fungicides used in cultivation of Capsicum spp. on growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus species

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
L. Santos ◽  
S. Marín ◽  
V. Sanchis ◽  
A.J. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

The present study aimed to assess the effect of some pre-harvest fungicides commonly used in Capsicum fruit production on growth and ochratoxin A production of three Aspergillus species found in Capsicum powder. Aspergillus tubingensis, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus westerdijkiae, previously isolated from paprika and chilli, were inoculated on yeast extract sucrose agar and paprika extract agar supplemented with different fungicides at their recommended dosage rates, and incubated at 20 and 30 °C during 7 days. Radial growth was measured after 3, 5 and 7 days and ochratoxin A production was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on day 7. Dodine 40% and mancozeb 80% were the most effective fungicides in inhibiting growth and ochratoxin A production, regardless of the fungal strain tested or temperature conditions. Whereas the application of fungicides could be very attractive in reducing the mycotoxigenic fungal load, it can also stimulate ochratoxin A production in some cases.

scholarly journals FUNGOS ALERGÊNICOS E TOXIGÊNICOS NO COMPOSTO DE CULTIVO DE Agaricus brasiliensis

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eustáquio SOUZA DIAS ◽  
Sandra Elisa GUIMARÃES ◽  
Félix Gonçalves de SIQUEIRA ◽  
Romildo da Silva ◽  
Luis Roberto BATISTA
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Agaricus Brasiliensis

Os cogumelos Agaricus bisporus e Agaricus brasiliensis são cultivados em substrato obtido por um processo de compostagem que envolve uma sucessão microbiana complexa e pouco conhecida. Dentre as diferentes espécies isoladas do composto de A. bisporus, foram relatadas espécies de ascomicetos esporulantes e de crescimento rápido e, em especial, Aspergillus fumigatus, indicando que espécies patogênicas ou potencialmente toxigênicas podem permanecer no composto ao final do processo de pasteurização.  Entretanto, não há relatos no Brasil acerca do isolamento e identificação desses fungos a partir do composto de cultivo do cogumelo A. brasiliensis após o processo de pasteurização. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio da técnica de diluição seriada, a presença de fungos contaminantes em dois tipos de compostos de cultivo de Agaricus brasiliensis (1- bagaço de cana/capim Coast cross; 2- resíduo de algodão/capim Coast cross). Foram identificadas espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Aspergillus, Emericella e Penicillium. Fungos toxigênicos como Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus terreus e Penicillium oxalicum foram isolados a partir das formulações de composto de cultivo do cogumelo A. brasiliensis. Aspegillus fumigatus foi encontrado nas duas formulações, porém, no composto produzido com resíduo de algodão, verificou-se  produção intensa de esporos na sua superfície, inviabilizando a sua utilização, por questões de segurança. Considerando que A. fumigatus é um patógeno humano, medidas preventivas devem ser tomadas pelos trabalhadores envolvidos na produção do composto para evitar a inalação sucessiva de esporos.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Some Fungi Isolated from Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Asemota Uwem Kelly ◽  
Obiekezie Smart Obuneme ◽  
Makut Makwin Danladi ◽  
Jubril Egwu Owuna
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genotypic Identification

Aim: This study aimed to identify fungi isolated from Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula and evaluate its level of susceptibility to known antifungal compounds. Place and Duration of Study: Biotechnology Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja between September and December 2019. Methods: Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula samples were purchased from the Keffi, Masaka, and Orange markets in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Fungal isolation was achieved using Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and incubated at 28ᵒC for 5 days. ITS-1 and ITS-4 primers were used at 94°C for 2 min, 52°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 2 min for the polymerase chain reaction before sequencing at Inqaba Biotech South Africa. Disk diffusion technique was employed for antifungal susceptibility testing. Results: Data obtained revealed that the suspected fungal species exhibited a generally higher level of resistance (19-40 mm) to 1 µg voriconazole in addition to a 20-35.5 mm zone of inhibition against 10 µg ketoconazole. Blast sequence analysis of the isolated samples revealed a 99.65% sequence homology to Meyerozyma guilliermondii, 99.38% to Fusarium oxysporium isolate E-225 1 and 96.23% to Aspergillus terreus isolate A2S4.   Conclusion: Food safety involves isolating and accurately identifying disease causing pathogens such as fungi in food. Based on the fungal load obtained from this study, proper cooking and handling of sea-food which would otherwise cause disease, is highly recommended.

Holocene dust accumulation in the southern Levant: the role of local sources and fixation processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sandler ◽  
Bernhard Lucke
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Rock Hardness ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Dust Sources ◽  
Settled Dust

&lt;p&gt;Initial soils covering archaeological ruins in the southern Levant include fine grain size fractions that may stem from aeolian sediments. Thus, ruins could act as effective dust traps which preserved rare Holocene aeolian records. We assessed physical parameters and chemical composition of initial soils covering archaeological ruins in the Negev and southern Jordan, including clay mineralogy and Sr- and Nd-isotopes, which we compared with modern dust from collectors installed close to the sites. A significant contribution from local weathered rocks could be observed in southern Jordan. In the Negev, the contribution of rocks was negligible, probably due to greater rock hardness and abundant biological crusts sealing surfaces. However, loessial paleosols surrounding the sampled archaeological ruins were &quot;recycled&quot; in the Negev. Compared to modern settled dust, archaeological soils in southern Jordan are enriched with various major and trace elements associated with clays and oxide coatings of fine silt particles. This was not due to in-situ weathering, which was found to be minimal. However, site-specific fixation processes may explain variations of dust records at the studied sites. In addition, modern dust samples associated with precipitation, in particular snow, were found associated with higher amounts of major and trace elements. Initial soils covering ruins in the southern Levant therefore suggest that the formation of soils in desert fringes may less be a function of dust supply, but more of dust deposition and fixation processes. There are multiple, local and regional dust sources and dust-generating processes active in drylands, but deep loessial soils form only when dust fixation is effective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

249. Tape-Lift Survey of Settled Dust in Non-Water-Damaged Homes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Swenson ◽  
W. Geer ◽  
M. Krause ◽  
C. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Settled Dust

Tinospora cordifolia Aqueous Extract Alleviates Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immune Suppression, Toxicity and Systemic Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Mice: In vivo Study in Comparison to Antifungal Drug Fluconazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alrumaihi ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsahli ◽  
Arif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Enhanced Secretion

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (AETC) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and systemic Candida albicans infection in a murine model. Methods: The protective effect of AETC against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the leukocytes. The immune-stimulating potential of AETC on macrophages was assessed by determining the levels of secreted cytokines. To determine the direct antifungal activity, AETC or fluconazole was administered to C. albicans infected mice. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by determining the survival rate, kidney fungal burden, the organ index and liver inflammation parameters. Results: Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in substantial depletion of leukocytes, whereas AETC treatment induced the recovery of leukocytes in cyclophosphamide-injected mice. Moreover, AETC treatment of macrophages resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β. C. albicans infected mice treated with AETC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg exhibited 40% and 60% survival rate, whereas the mice treated with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg showed 20% survival rate. Like survival data, the fungal load was found to be the lowest in the kidney tissues of mice treated with AETC at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, mice infected with C. albicans demonstrated improvement in the organ indices and liver functioning after AETC treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that AETC may potentially be used to rejuvenate the weakened immune system and eliminate systemic candidiasis in mice.

scholarly journals Functional Attributes of Myco-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Endophytic Fungi: A New Implication in Biomedical Applications

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Prabu Kumar Seetharaman ◽  
Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran ◽  
Rajiv Periakaruppan ◽  
Sathishkumar Gnanasekar ◽  
Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Size

To develop a benign nanomaterial from biogenic sources, we have attempted to formulate and fabricate silver nanoparticles synthesized from the culture filtrate of an endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum strain LA-1 (PoAgNPs). The synthesized PoAgNPs were exclusively characterized through UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong absorbance around 430 nm with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and exhibited a face-centered cubic crystalline nature in XRD analysis. Proteins presented in the culture filtrate acted as reducing, capping, and stabilization agents to form PoAgNPs. TEM analysis revealed the generation of polydispersed spherical PoAgNPs with an average size of 52.26 nm. The PoAgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens. The PoAgNPs induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231), and apoptotic morphological changes were observed by dual staining. Additionally, PoAgNPs demonstrated better larvicidal activity against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moreover, the hemolytic test indicated that the as-synthesized PoAgNPs are a safe and biocompatible nanomaterial with versatile bio-applications.

scholarly journals Exposure to Phthalate and Organophosphate Esters via Indoor Dust and PM10 Is a Cause of Concern for the Exposed Saudi Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2125
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Iqbal M. I. Ismail ◽  
Ehtisham Nazar ◽  
Ahmed Saleh Summan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Organophosphate Esters ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Filter Dust ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

In this study, we measured the occurrence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalates in the settled dust (floor and air conditioner filter dust) and in suspended particulate matter (PM10) from different microenvironments (households (n = 20), offices (n = 10) and hotels (n = 10)) of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the major pollutant (contributing >85% of total chemicals burden) in all types of indoor dust with a concentration up to 3,901,500 ng g−1. While dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and DEHP together contributed >70% in PM10 (1900 ng m−3), which indicate PM10 as a significant source of exposure for DBP and DEHP in different Saudi indoor settings. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the major OPE in PM10 with a concentration of up to 185 ng m−3 and the occurrence of OPEs in indoor dust varied in studied indoor settings. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of studied chemicals via dust ingestion and inhalation of PM10 was below the reference dose (RfD) of individual chemicals. However, estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) with moderate risk (1.5 × 10−5) for Saudi adults and calculated hazardous index (HI) of >1 for Saudi children from DEHP showed a cause of concern to the local public health.

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