scholarly journals Concrete Modular Pavements – Types, Issues And Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Rita Kleizienė ◽  
Viktoras Vorobjovas ◽  
Ovidijus Šernas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pavement Construction

According to the European Asphalt Pavement Association, more than 90 per cent of the European road network is paved with asphalt. Constantly increasing traffic volume and climate change accelerate deterioration of current pavements. As a result, there arises a need to rehabilitate them prematurely. Repair and rehabilitation work lead to traffic congestion, which is one of the most significant concerns in highly trafficked roads and urban streets. Concrete modular pavements consisting of precast concrete slabs are a reasonable solution to deal with the road works since their construction, as well as repair, is time-saving. Repair works typically are implemented during a low traffic period (usually at night). A primary purpose of concrete modular pavements is heavily trafficked roads and other transport areas. This paper focuses on concrete modular pavements, their types, issues and challenges related to their design, slab fabrication and pavement construction. The conducted analysis revealed 15 different types of concrete modular pavements that differ from the techniques of slab joints and load transfer between the adjacent slabs. More than 20 issues and challenges related to the design of modular elements, slab fabrication and pavement construction were identified. Finally, the existing practice of concrete modular pavements was summarised and the gaps of scientific knowledge, as well as a need for comprehensive research, were defined.

scholarly journals A Review of Precast Concrete Pavement Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-53
Author(s):  
Ameen Syed ◽  
Ranjan Sonparote
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Load Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Critical Aspects

Precast concrete pavement (PCP) has proven itself to be one of the most efficient methods for repair and replacement of concrete pavement, as well as for construction of new pavement in the areas of heavy traffic. The application of PCP ensures fast construction of concrete pavement without compromising the quality of concrete. This paper provides a brief of various types of PCP that have been used worldwide and their application in the repair of damaged pavement, continuous construction of pavement, Airfield application and temporary pavement construction. It further discusses critical aspects of PCP that require careful analysis prior to its field implementation. The paper specially focuses on panel dimensioning, load transfer mechanism, lifting arrangement, stacking arrangement, transportation and base preparation for PCP. Suitability of different types of PCP for varying site conditions has been discussed. Innovative developments related to PCP and the future scope of this technology have also been discussed.

Taxi Global Positioning System Data in Urban Road Network: A Methodology to Identify Key Road Clusters Based on Travel Speed–Traffic Volume Correlation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110366
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Han Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Segments

Urban traffic congestion is one of the urban diseases that needs to be solved urgently. Research has already found that a few road segments can significantly influence the overall operation of the road network. Traditional congestion mitigation strategies mainly focus on the topological structure and the transport performance of each single key road segment. However, the propagation characteristics of congestion indicate that the interaction between road segments and the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume should also be considered. The definition is proposed for “key road cluster” as a group of road segments with strong correlation and spatial compactness. A methodology is proposed to identify key road clusters in the network and understand the operating characteristics of key road clusters. Considering the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume, a unidirectional-weighted correlation network is constructed. The community detection algorithm is applied to partition road segments into key road clusters. Three indexes are used to evaluate and describe the characteristic of these road clusters, including sensitivity, importance, and IS. A case study is carried out using taxi GPS data of Shanghai, China, from May 1 to 17, 2019. A total of 44 key road clusters are identified in the road network. According to their spatial distribution patterns, these key road clusters can be classified into three types—along with network skeletons, around transportation hubs, and near bridges. The methodology unveils the mechanism of congestion formation and propagation, which can offer significant support for traffic management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Traffic Evolution on Road Networks of a Roundabout

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tolesa Hundesa Muleta ◽  
Legesse Lemecha Obsu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Detailed Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Control Traffic

In this paper, the analyses of traffic evolution on the road network of a roundabout having three entrances and three exiting legs are conducted from macroscopic point of view. The road networks of roundabouts are modeled as a merging and diverging types 1×2 and 2×1 junctions. To study traffic evolution at junction, two cases have been considered, namely, demand and supply limited cases. In each case, detailed mathematical analysis and numerical tests have been presented. The analysis in the case of demand limited showed that rarefaction wave fills the portion of the road network in time. In the contrary, in supply limited case, traffic congestion occurs at merging junctions and shock wave propagating back results in reducing the performance of a roundabout to control traffic dynamics. Also, we illustrate density and flux profiles versus space discretization at different time steps via numerical simulation with the help of Godunov scheme.

Research of Urban Intersections Group Scoping Based on Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Group Program ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Partitioning ◽  
Time Space

An urban intersection group consists of a set of intersections which are geographically adjacent and strongly correlated with each other. It is an effective way to relieve traffic congestion in the networks to set the key intersection of the road network as the core, radiate outward to find the scale of its influence and divide the intersections into groups according to their relevance. Determining intersections group is the fundament of improving traffic control. Therefore, analyzing the associated features of intersections group and the research method of determining the scope of intersection group to ensure the compatibility of "time", " space" and "traffic flow", is of high research value and practical significance[1]. This paper focuses on operating characteristics of adjacent intersections with factor (CF) as indicators of the value of the associated metric of the adjacent sections and developing dynamic partitioning intersection group program in VISSIM, and take the road network near Guangzhou Road as example.

scholarly journals SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT NETWORKS AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE TYPOLOGY OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CITIES OF NAJAF AND KUFA OF THE PROVINCE OF NAJAF

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
A. Al-jaberi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Spatial Classification ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gis Environment

Transport is a link between territories with different types of land use in urban areas. At the same time, the improved accessibility associated with the transport network can lead to increased segregation and a change in land use. The article analyzes the road network of the Najaf and Kufa cities, Najaf province, Iraq, in order to identify the spatial classification of roads and streets. Based on the analysis, three main types of roads and streets are identified with respect to their structural features and characteristics: regional, city and district. The dependence of the typology and location of transit-oriented zones on the classification of the road network is indicated. In the process of analyzing the study area, the most optimal points for the practice of transit-oriented development (TOD) are identified, the territories most favorable for the location of transit-oriented zones of regional, city and district significance are introduced, the main characteristics of these zones are given. In order to reach goals, this article includes the collection of data and the creation of a database for land use applying a geographic information systems (GIS) environment. The result of the spatial analysis are five regional nodes, six urban nodes and seven district nodes

scholarly journals Probabilistic Road-Aware Geocast In VANETs

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Zubair Amjad ◽  
Wang-Cheol Song
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Graph Representation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Threshold Probability ◽  
Change Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Communication Technique

Geocast is a communication technique to disseminate information in specific geographic regions instead of node addresses. Traffic congestion, accidents, local hazards and digital content sharing are potential use cases of information sharing in VANETs. Recently, several approaches for geocast routing have been proposed to achieve high delivery ratios. These approaches consider a center point and radius to define the destination region also called geocast region. They focus only on routing scheme to enhance the delivery ratio and delays. However, these approaches do not consider the target region selection problem in the geocast routing. In this paper, we propose a novel application-level mechanism for sharing road conditions, such as accidents, detours and congestion in VANETs through probabilistic road-aware geocast routing. We assign probabilities to the roads around each intersection in the neighborhood road network of the source vehicle. We then build a spanning tree of roads (from graph representation of the road network) with information source as the root node. Nodes below the root represent junctions and edges represent inter-connecting road segments. Messages propagate along the branches of the spanning tree. The spanning tree represents the geocast region. As the information propagates down the branches, probability of road as geocast region decreases. Information is propagated until a threshold probability is reached. Our method also ensures that messages are not delivered to irrelevant vehicles irrespective of their proximity to the source. We evaluate our application through extensive and realistic simulations in ns-3 simulator using IDM car following and MOBIL lane change models for realistic modeling of vehicle mobility.

Smart Cities: Study and Comparison of Traffic Light Optimization in Modern Urban Areas Using Artificial Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Mustapha Kabrane ◽  
Salah-ddine Krit ◽  
Lahoucine El Maimouni
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Signs

In large cities, the increasing number of vehicles private, society, merchandise, and public transport, has led to traffic congestion. Users spend much of their time in endless traffic congestion. To solve this problem, several solutions can be envisaged. The interest is focused on the  system of road signs: The use of a road infrastructure is controlled by a traffic light controller, so it is a matter of knowing how to make the best use of the controls of this system (traffic lights) so as to make traffic more fluid. The values of the commands computed by the controller are determined by an algorithm which is ultimately, only solves a mathematical model representing the problem to be solved. The objective is to make a study and then the comparison on the optimization techniques based on artificial intelligence1 to intelligently route vehicle traffic. These techniques make it possible to minimize a certain function expressing the congestion of the road network. It can be a function, the length of the queue at intersections, the average waiting time, also the total number of vehicles waiting at the intersection

Evaluating the economic and social benefits of multiutility tunnels with an agent-based simulation approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengke Wu ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Road ◽  
Underground Utilities

PurposeMultiutility tunnel (MUT) has been recognised as a more sustainable method to place underground utilities than the traditional directly buried (DB) method. However, the implementation of MUT is hindered because of high initial construction costs and the difficulty to demonstrate its benefits, especially social benefits that are hard to be quantified. To address the limitation, this paper aims to quantify and compare both economic costs and traveller loss (i.e. an important part of social costs) of the MUT and DB method.Design/methodology/approachAn agent-based model (ABM) is developed, which considers attributes and actions of vehicles, interactions between vehicles and interactions between vehicles and the road network. The ABM is used to estimate traveller loss by comparing traveller time when the MUT and DB method is adopted, respectively. The traveller loss is combined with economic costs to estimate and compare the LCC of the MUT and DB method. To verify the ABM-based approach, it is implemented in an MUT project in Shanghai, China.FindingsResults of the study indicate: (1) When the DB method is adopted, periodic E&Rs cause severe traffic congestion and substantial traveller loss. (2) When traveller loss is not included in the LCC estimation, the DB method has a lower LCC in most scenarios. (3) When traveller loss is included, the relative LCC of MUT and the time it takes to cover the LCC of the MUT and DB method is largely reduced. Thus, when social costs are considered, MUT will bring more benefits than the DB method.Originality/valuePrevious studies on comparing the MUT and DB method focus on investigating economic costs, while other costs, e.g. social costs, are not well addressed quantitatively. Besides, current studies of traveller loss estimation lack consideration of factors such as unique attributes, actions and interactions of vehicles and the network. Hence, this paper applies an ABM-based approach to involve these factors and produce more reliable estimation of traveller loss than existing approaches. Moreover, by integrating traveller loss into LCC analysis, this paper helps to understand the benefits of MUT thus assisting decision-making in selecting utilities placement methods.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE F. WEBSTER FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE TRANSPORT DELAY AT A CIRCULAR INTERSECTION WITH TRAFFIC LIGHT REGULATION AND A CUT-THROUGH CENTRAL ISLAND

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Yu.Ya. Komarov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Ganzin ◽  
D.D. Silchenkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Transport Delay ◽  
The Road

The main method of determining transport delay in the national methodical and educational literature is its calculation according to the methodology (formula) of F. Webster (1958), which is based on the theory of mass service. However, in conditions of high traffic congestion or traffic congestion, experimental and calculated data at simple intersections vary considerably. The definition of delays for complex intersections, in particular for the Hamburger Through-About Intersection (further HTAI) is also contradictory. The aim of the study is to improve determine the area of application of F. Webster’s formula for a little-studied roundabouts HTAI. For the first time, the paper addresses the selection of parameters of the HTAI in urban settings, and also introduces a method of calculating transport delays depending on various factors. For the purpose of the study, the hypothesis is put forward that the application of the Webster formula depends on the intensity of traffic on the main and secondary roads, the degree of loading in directions and transport demand for left-turning traffic. According to the hypothesis, on the basis of the collected data, transport delays are calculated on the HTAI from the selected factors. To justify the adequacy of calculations, the method of simulation in the Aimsun (micro-modeling) software complex is used. On the basis of in-kind surveys of section of the road network, a high-reliability simulation model was created, reflecting the current situation at regulated intersection, and also assessed the feasibility of using the HTAI on a section of the road network. There are dependencies of transport delays on traffic in the main and secondary road, effective duration of the cycle of regulation on the main road, traffic on roundabout, the diameter of the islet for the HTAI. Thus, based on the resulting mathematical model, the range of application of the Webster formula is defined, which is affected by the number of lanes for the main and secondary roads, the degree of loading in directions and the number of lanes on the ring. Further research involves the development of a methodology for calculating the parameters of the HTAI.

scholarly journals Solving traffic congestion consequences regarding e-taxi parking by identifying a suitable location for the e-taxi station: geo-spatial and AHP approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Mazed Parvez
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Suitable Location

Purpose The quantity of e-taxi in Bangladesh is increasing day by day, especially in the municipality area. With the increase of this e-taxi quantity, it becomes hard to provide parking space for these consequences the illegal parking on road. This parking consequences traffic congestion on the road and obstructs the free flow of traffic. So, this paper aims to investigate the present scenario of this e-taxi parking problem and provides a solution by finding out a suitable location for an e-taxi station by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach. Design/methodology/approach For the study, both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data on existing parking points on the road of e-taxi which consequences traffic congestion are collected from the Municipality area. Secondary data on the existing road network of the Pabna Municipality has collected from the MIDP data also from the literature review. For the suitability analysis process for establishing an e-taxi station, six variables were determined. These variables are determined from the previous studies and the expert opinion survey. The six variables are land use of the study area, road network of the study area, proximity to the office area, proximity to the educational facilities, proximity from the market and finally,proximity from the hospital. After the selection of the variables ranking value was determined from the expert opinion. Then using The AHP method final weight value is determined and, finally, with the assist of geographical information system. Findings From the resulting total 4,285 spots were found as optimally suitable spots are found which is almost 21% of the suitable spot. No mostly suitable spots are found from the GIS analysis. The moderately suitable spots were found in the prime number of 14,817 spots, almost 75% of the suitable spot. Likely the most suitable spots no partly suitable spots were found but the number of very few suitable spots was found in the number of 918, 4% of the suitable spot. A total of 20,020 spots was found as suitable for the construction of E-taxi station. Originality/value Finding out a suitable spot for e-taxi stand the traffic congestion can be solved, accident risk can be minimized during loading and unloading of passengers and the municipality authority can find a permanent solution for the traffic congestion problem.

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