scholarly journals DETERMINANTS AND STRATEGIES OF FARMERS’ ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF MEDENINE GOVERNORATE, TUNISIA

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma ARIBI ◽  
Mongi SGHAIER
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Agricultural Households

Climate change is a worldwide environmental issue to all economic sectors, mainly the agricultural sector. Tunisia is one of the countries adversely affected by climate change because of its low adaptive capacity. Adapting to climate threat is the main goal of farmers, who are the primary stakeholders in agriculture, to increase the resilience of their farming systems. Based on a survey between March and May 2018 with 100 agricultural households from the governorate of Medenine, which belongs to Southeast Tunisia, this paper examined the main adaptive measures to climate change used by farmers, the factors influencing their choice of measures and the constraints to adaptation. To explore the factors affecting the choice of adaptive measures, this study employed a multinomial logit regression. Results showed that irrigation, crop diversification, integration of crop with livestock and shifting from farm to non-farm activities were the main adaptive measures implemented by farmers in the study area. Further, the multinomial logit model indicated that the factors influencing the choice of adaptive measures included household head age, access to extension services, household income, number of years of experience of the household head in agriculture, and the distance to the market. The results demonstrated also that adaptation to climate change was hindered by many factors such as constrained resources, lack of money, and water shortage. The findings of this research suggest the need for improving the access to extension services, to water, and to means of production to enhance the resilience of vulnerable agricultural households and to improve their wellbeing.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Choice of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Households: A Case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme (ADP) in Swaziland

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phindile Shongwe ◽  
Micah B. Masuku ◽  
Absalom M. Manyatsi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Factors Influencing

The increased involvement of food relief agencies nearly on an annual basis is a clear indication that agricultural production continues to decline as a result of climate change. In order to mitigate the negative effect of climate change, households engage on adaptation strategies. The extent to which these impacts are felt depends mostly on the level of adaptation in response to climate change. The main objectives of the study were to identify the adaptation strategies employed by households and to analyse factors influencing the choice of adaptation strategies by households using personal interviews. The study used data from a random sample of 350 households. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model were used to analyse the data. The results showed that adaptation strategies employed were; drought tolerant varieties, switching crops, irrigation, crop rotation, mulching, minimum tillage, early planting, late planting and intercropping. The results showed that the choice of adaptation strategies by households was significantly (p <0.05) influenced by; age of household head, occupation of household head, being a member of a social group, land category, access to credit, access to extension services and training, high incidences of crop pest and disease, high input prices, high food prices, perceptions of households towards climate change. Moreover, the analysis showed that perceptions of households towards climate change significantly influence all adaptation strategies. However, sex and education level of the household head were insignificant in influencing household choice when adapting to climate change. It is recommended that there is need to educate households about the negative impact of climate change on cropping systems. The study also recommends that agriculture extension services should be strengthened, agriculture financial institutions should accommodate subsistence farmers on communal land and rural micro-finance institutions should be developed, in order to facilitate farmers to choose effective adaptation strategies. 

scholarly journals Fatalism, Climate Resiliency Training and Farmers’ Adaptation Responses: Implications for Sustainable Rainfed-Wheat Production in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Harald Kaechele ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Shahzad ◽  
Ayat Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Rainfed Wheat

Climate change is a severe threat to the agricultural sector in general and to rainfed farming in particular. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that can potentially affect the adaptation process against climate change. This study focused on wheat farmers and farming systems in the rainfed agroecological zone of Pakistan. Farmers’ data related to climate change fatalism, the availability of climate-specific extension services, socioeconomic and institutional variables, and farm characteristics were collected. A logit model to assess farmers’ decisions to adopt an adaptation measure and a multinomial logit model to assess their choice of various adaptation measures were used. The results showed that fatalistic farmers were unlikely to implement climate change adaptation measures. The variables related to the climate-specific extension services, including farmers’ participation in training on climate-resilient crop farming and the availability of mobile communication-based advisory services, had highly significant and positive impacts on farmers’ decisions and their choice of adaptation measures. Input market access and tractor ownership also had positive and significant impacts on farmers’ decisions to adapt and their choice of adaptation measures. This study highlights the need to improve rainfed-wheat farmers’ education levels to change their fatalistic attitudes towards climate change. Furthermore, government action is needed to provide climate-specific extension services to ensure sustainable production levels that will ultimately lead to food and livelihood security under a changing climate.

scholarly journals ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE BASED ON FARMERS’PERCEPTION: A STUDY ON INDIGENOUS HILLS CULTIVATORS IN NAGALAND, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Roy ◽  
Avijit Debnath ◽  
Sunil Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change

Climate change is believed to have severe impacts on different sectors of an economy especially the agricultural sector. The adverse impact of climate change, however, can be mitigated if farmers have awareness and better level of adaptive responses. This study examines the perception of farmers belong to indigenous communities in the state of Nagaland of Northeast India on climate change and analyzes their adaptation responses to climate change. A hundred and twenty farming households were interviewed during July and August 2019. The study employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyse the two- step process of adaptation to climate change. Farmers’ perception of climate change was significantly related to the age of the head of the household, level of education, and past experience of drought and flood. On the other hand, adaptation to climate change is determined by education of household head, economic status, and access to credit, type of cultivation, non-farm income, farming experience, distance to market, and past experience of climatic hazard

scholarly journals Farmers' perceptions of and adaptation strategies to climate change and their determinants: the case of Punjab province, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abid ◽  
J. Scheffran ◽  
U. A. Schneider ◽  
M. Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Punjab Province

Abstract. Climate change is a global environmental threat to all economic sectors, particularly the agricultural sector. Pakistan is one of the countries negatively affected by climate change due to its high exposure to extreme events and low adaptive capacity. In Pakistan, farmers are the primary stakeholders in agriculture and are more at risk due to climate vulnerability. Based on farm household data from 450 households collected from three districts in three agroecological zones in the Punjab province of Pakistan, this study examines how farmers perceive climate change and how they adapt their farming in response to perceived changes in climate. The results demonstrate that awareness of climate change is widespread throughout the area, and farm households make adjustments to adapt their agriculture in response to climatic change. Overall 58% of the farm households adapted their farming to climate change. Changing crop varieties, changing planting dates, planting of shade trees and changing fertilizers were the main adaptation methods implemented by farm households in the study area. The results from the binary logistic model reveal that education, farm experience, household size, land area, tenancy status, ownership of a tube well, access to market information, information on weather forecasting and agricultural extension services all influence farmers' choices of adaptation measures. The results also indicate that adaptation to climate change is constrained by several factors such as lack of information, lack of money, resource constraints and shortage of irrigation water in the study area. Findings of the study suggest the need for greater investment in farmer education and improved institutional setup for climate change adaptation to improve farmers' wellbeing.

scholarly journals Farmers' perceptions of and adaptation strategies to climate change and their determinants; the case of Punjab province, Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1359-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abid ◽  
J. Scheffran ◽  
U. A. Schneider ◽  
M. Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Punjab Province

Abstract. Climate change is a global environmental threat to all economic sectors, particularly the agricultural sector. Pakistan is one of the negatively affected countries from climate change due to its high exposure to extreme events and low adaptive capacity. In Pakistan, farmers are the primary stakeholders in agriculture and are more at risk due to climate vulnerability. Based on farm household data of 450 households collected from three districts in three agro-ecological zones in Punjab province of Pakistan, this study examined how farmers perceive climate change and how they adapt their farming in response to perceived changes in climate. The results demonstrate that awareness to climate change persists in the area, and farm households make adjustments to adapt their agriculture in response to climatic change. Overall 58% of the farm households adapted their farming to climate change. Changing crop varieties, changing planting dates, plantation of trees and changing fertilizer were the main adaptation methods implemented by farm households in the study area. Results from the binary logistic model revealed that education, farm experience, household size, land area, tenancy status, ownership of tube-well, access to market information, information on weather forecasting and extension all influence the farmers' choice of adaptation measures. Results also indicate that adaptation to climate change is constrained by several factors such as lack of information; lack of money; resource constraint and shortage of irrigation water in the study area. Findings of the study suggest the need of greater investment in farmer education and improved institutional setup for climate change adaptation to improve farmers' wellbeing.

DISSEMINATION AND USE OF INFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF FARMERS IN MALUGA AND CHIBELA VILLAGES IN SEMI-ARID CENTRAL TANZANIA

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Elia ◽  
Stephen Mutula ◽  
Christine Stilwell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change And Variability ◽  
Semi Arid

This study was part of broader PhD research which investigated how access to, and use of, information enhances adaptation to climate change and variability in the agricultural sector in semi-arid Central Tanzania. The research was carried out in two villages using Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory and model to assess the dissemination of this information and its use by farmers in their adaptation of their farming practices to climate change and variability. This predominantly qualitative study employed a post-positivist paradigm. Some elements of a quantitative approach were also deployed in the data collection and analysis. The principal data collection methods were interviews and focus group discussions. The study population comprised farmers, agricultural extension officers and the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa project manager. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis whereas quantitative data were analysed to generate mostly descriptive statistics using SPSS.  Key findings of the study show that farmers perceive a problem in the dissemination and use of climate information for agricultural development. They found access to agricultural inputs to be expensive, unreliable and untimely. To mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and variability on farming effectively, the study recommends the repackaging of current and accurate information on climate change and variability, farmer education and training, and collaboration between researchers, meteorology experts, and extension officers and farmers. Moreover, a clear policy framework for disseminating information related to climate change and variability is required.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Gendered Analysis from Bahi and Kondoa Districts, Dodoma Region, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Okuli William Swai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Land Size ◽  
Adaptation Options ◽  
Main Factor

Although various long term adaptation measures are currently implemented by farmers to adapt to the effects of climate change in Tanzania, information regarding factors determining choice of adaptation options between men and women is scarce. A gendered analysis was done to analyze determinants of adaptation to climate change in Bahi and Kondoa Districts, Dodoma Region, Tanzania. A cross-sectional research design was adopted whereby the data was collected from a sample of 360 respondents, 12 focus groups and 18 key informants. Analysis of quantitative data involved descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model using Nlogit 3.0 and qualitative data were summarized by using content analysis. Results revealed that the main occupation and land size were the main factors that determined adaptation options for men during food shortage while for women, the main factor was marital status. The village/location of respondents was the main factor that determined climate change adaptation option for women to adapt crops to climate change whereas, for men, access to agricultural knowledge was the main factor that encouraged men to use improved seeds, manure and deep cultivation, instead of selecting and keeping enough seeds for the next season. It is concluded that factors determining choice of climate change adaptation between men and women are not the same, emphasizing the need for gender differentiated interventions to promote climate change adaptation. Thus, planners and policy makers from Agriculture, Livestock and Environment sectors; Tanzania NAPA and other development practitioners dealing with climate change should use gender sensitive interventions to manage climate change.

scholarly journals “We Will Always Ask Ourselves the Question of How to Feed the Family”: Subsistence Farmers’ Perceptions on Adaptation to Climate Change in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raissa Sorgho ◽  
Isabel Mank ◽  
Moubassira Kagoné ◽  
Aurélia Souares ◽  
Ina Danquah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
National Development ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Adaptation Policies

In West Africa, climate change aggravates subsistence farmers’ vulnerability to weather variability to sustain their agricultural and nutritional requirements. For successful adaptation policies, in-depth understanding of farmers’ perceptions about climate change, agriculture, and adaptation strategies is essential. This qualitative study in rural Burkina Faso characterized farmers’ perceptions and knowledge through in-depth interviews. The study enumerated the barriers, possibilities, strategies/practices, and support sources of farmers. There was awareness but limited understanding of climate change amongst farmers. Those unable to adapt, faced increased health difficulties, specifically regarding nutrition and mental health. Farmers could implement some dietary and agricultural adaptation strategies (reduce meal size, frequency and variety, preemptive purchase of cereals, multi-cropping, crop rotation, modified seeds) but were unable to implement others (soil rehabilitation, water management). Barriers to implementation comprised financial and time constraints, material and labor shortages, and inaccessible information. Farmers did not understand, trust or utilize meteorological services, but appreciated and relied on agricultural extension services. They reported that social and governmental support was sporadic and inconsistent. This study uncovers the following targets for climate change adaptation policies in rural Burkina Faso: promoting meteorological services, expanding agricultural extension services, increasing access to financial resources, and framing sustainable adaptation within national development goals.

Helping the Helpless: Contribution of Rural Extension Services to Smallholder Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptive Capacity and Adaptation in Rural Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Asare-Nuamah ◽  
Ebo Botchway ◽  
Justina A. Onumah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Transfer Of Skills

While there is no doubt that extension services play an active role in promoting smallholder farmers’ adaptive capacity and adaptation to climate change, there is a dearth of information and research on how this institution champions climate change adaptation in rural farming communities in Ghana. This study employed a qualitative case study design and interviewed 15 extension officers and 26 smallholder farmers to understand how extension services enhance smallholder farmers’ climate change adaptive capacity and adaptation in the rural Adansi North District in Ghana. The findings indicate that extension services adopt multiple strategies to build the adaptive capacity of farmers to climate change. Through the transfer of skills and knowledge, technology and innovations, supply of inputs, technical advice and liaison role with existing local institutions, farmers are able to adapt to climate change. The study further revealed that extension services are hindered by geographical, sociocultural and economic challenges which affect their alignment and fitness to effectively assist smallholder farmers. The study recommends strengthening the capacity of the extension institution. Moreover, more experts must be trained to provide special, targeted and important services to smallholder farmers in respect of climate change sensitization and adaptation.

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