scholarly journals FOSTERING GREEN ECONOMY THROUGH NEW FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS IN CENTRAL BANKS’ PORTFOLIOS

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka TOPIĆ-PAVKOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
European Investment

The green economy implies the use of renewable energy from biomass, solar panels, wind power plants and recycled waste, while providing the environmental protection, human well-being and sustainable economic progress. As with other investments, the important question is how to find sufficient sources of funds and get investors interested in these projects. Global green bond issuance started along with the increasing need for financing green businesses and technologies, resolving climate change issues and financing through efficient emission of green securities and trading on markets. The proceeds of these bonds are explicitly used to finance new or existing green projects. This paper examines the concept and evolving of green bonds with emphasis on the new role of central banks in greening financial systems and its impact towards a green economy. The green bond market dates back to 2007, with launching the World Bank Green Bonds programme in 2007 and the Climate Awareness Bonds by the European Investment Bank (EIB) in 2008 for financing renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. The significance of making bond between sustainable economic development and environmental issues is evident through the rapid growth of these green instruments. The objective of this research was to identify new types of financial instruments intended to improve ecological projects, as well as to compare effects of green bonds utilization in different countries and by different institutions. The results show the improvement of the financial market and investor profits, while there is simultaneously significant growth of green projects pointing to the benefits of using this new form of financial instrument in promoting the green economy.

Problems and Risks of Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Wind Power Plants

The article analyzes the problems and risks of new-fangled renewable energy sources in the 21st century, which can radically change the energy picture of the world and to a certain extent reduce the risk of climate change. However, energy generation from wind is usually available 25—35% of the time, from the sun — 10—25%.Renewable energy sources (RES) face the problem of accumulating or supporting capacities that should replace the unstable generation of RES at the time of inevitable failures. RES cannot exist without excess reserve capacities on traditional energy carriers that can quickly increase and reduce electricity production. Abandoning hydrocarbons in the next 30—50 years looks unrealistic if countries want to maintain their competitiveness. The growth of the share of RES in the global energy balance is an extremely politicized phenomenon.The development of renewable generation creates risks for consumers. Especially for large ones. One of these risks is associated with the intermittent, unstable nature of renewable generation, which in recent years has been understood mainly as solar and wind power plants. In addition, to produce more solar panels, wind turbines and batteries for electric vehicles, humanity will need more specific resources — rare earth metals. The production of these metals is unsafe for the environment. It involves the consumption of a huge amount of water and electrical energy.Renewable energy sources may dominate, but it will take centuries. Demand is already growing, but fossil fuels will live long enough.

Kazakhstan: Assessment of Renewable Energy Support and a Green Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Sergey BESPALYY
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) shows the desire of the government of Kazakhstan to meet challenges that affect the welfare and development of the state. National targets, government programs, policies influence renewable energy strategies. In the future, renewable energy technologies will act as sources of a green economy and sustainable economic growth. The state policy in the field of energy in Kazakhstan is aimed at improving the conditions for the development and support of renewable energy sources, amendments are being made to provide for the holding of auctions for new RES projects, which replaces the previously existing system of fixed tariffs. It is expected that the costs of traditional power plants for the purchase of renewable energy will skyrocket, provided that the goals in the field of renewable generation are achieved. This article provides an assessment of international experience in supporting renewable energy sources, as well as analyzes the current situation in the development of renewable energy in Kazakhstan and the impact on sustainable development and popularization of the «green» economy. The study shows that by supporting the development of renewable energy sources, economic growth is possible, which is achieved in an environmentally sustainable way.

scholarly journals Performance Comparative Analysis of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Single Diode Solar Panel Models using the Five Parameters Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Rizal Akbarudin Rahman ◽  
Aripriharta Aripriharta ◽  
Hari Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Module Performance

The use of renewable energy as a source of electrical energyincreases every year. Unfortunately, Indonesia does not have manypower plants that utilize renewable energy sources. The mostpotential renewable energy in Indonesia is the sunlight with the helpof solar panels that converts solar energy into electrical energy.However, the environment could affect the solar panel module andin turn, affect the performance of solar panels or the generatedelectric energy. This research calculated the performance of solarpanels with a single-diode model using the Five Parameters methodthat required solar panel module specification data, the totalradiation absorbed by the solar panel module, and the temperatureof the environment. The Five Parameters method is a methodmodeled after solar panel module performance in the form of thesingle-diode equivalent circuit. The Five Parameters method isreliable in predicting the energy produced by the solar panels whenthe input data is limited. The results for using the Five Parametersin monocrystalline solar panels were Isc = 1.827 A, Imp = 0.662 A,Voc = 18.221 V, Vmp = 15.019 V, Pmp = 9.955 W. And the results inpolycrystalline solar panels were Isc = 1.926 A, Imp = 0.686 A, Voc =17.594 V, Vmp = 14.166 V, Pmp = 9.722 W. Based on the results; itwas concluded that the most efficient and optimised types of solarpanels on natural conditions in Sendang Biru Beach was themonocrystalline solar panel because it produced electrical outputpower of 9.955 W. Therefore, there could be a manufacturer ofsolar energy power plants to reduce the cost of electricity in thecoastal area, such as in Sendang Biru Beach.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE GARDU PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK HYBRID MIKRO HIDRO DAN SEL SURYA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIKUM TEKNIK ELEKTRO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sugeng . ◽  
Taufiqur Rokhman ◽  
Paridawati . ◽  
Agus Sofwan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
Design Result ◽  
Generation Power

 In the Department of Electrical Engineering,Islamic University "45" Bekasiuntil now does not have a laboratory of Renewable energy. In this research, a hybrid power plants have been designed by combined between hydroelectric power plants and solar power plants.From the design result of the Solar Cell Power Plant, obtained that for 1 to 4 pieces of 100 Wp solar panels obtained the generation voltage of 21.12 volts generating power of 18.80 Watts on average time for 7.8 hours. Whereas for MHP the average voltage is 10.81 Volt and the generation power is 41.48 Watts for 8 hours of use.

scholarly journals Biodiversity risks and safeguards of China’s hydropower investments in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Narain ◽  
Hoong Teo ◽  
Alex Lechner ◽  
James Watson ◽  
Martine Maron
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Hydropower Dams ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
European Investment

Abstract The imperative of a global transition to renewables to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 calls for an examination of the associated biodiversity risks. Hydropower is the biggest source of renewable energy globally, and its remaining untapped potential is concentrated in low and lower-middle income countries which are also among the world’s most biodiverse. China has emerged as a major overseas financier of hydropower dams under its flagship Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). We assess the biodiversity risk posed by proposed or under-construction hydropower dams being funded by China in BRI countries and compare it with that of dams being funded by Multi-lateral Development Banks (MDBs) – the other key overseas financiers of hydropower. We find that 48 hydropower dams are being financed by China in 18 BRI countries, likely impacting 14 free-flowing rivers and the ranges of 11 critically endangered freshwater fish species, and 130 km2 of critical terrestrial habitat(within a 1-km buffer distance). When compared to dams funded by MDBs, Chinese-funded dams are not located in riskier areas for biodiversity, but the total risk is higher due to their preponderance. We find that Chinese regulators and hydropower companies do not specify any enforceable biodiversity impact mitigation requirements. And while MDBs do specify binding safeguards, impacts on river connectivity do not form a part of the mitigation requirements, except in the case of the European Investment Bank (EIB). China is uniquely positioned to adopt a leadership role in specifying safeguards that will help BRI countries adopt an optimum renewable energy mix that minimizes biodiversity risks.

scholarly journals Special Aspects of Using the Wind Power Plants In the Power Supply System

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Saken Koyshybaevich Sheryazov ◽  
Sultanbek Sansyzbaevich Issenov ◽  
Ruslan Maratbekovich Iskakov ◽  
Argyn Bauyrzhanuly Kaidar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Power Plants

The paper describes special aspects of using the wind power plants (wind turbines) in the power grid. The paper provides the classification and schematic presentation of AC wind turbines, analyzes the role, place and performance of wind power plants in Smart Grid systems with a large share of renewable energy sources. The authors also reviews a detailed analysis of existing AC wind turbines in this paper. Recommendations are given for how to enhance the wind power plants in smart grids in terms of reliability, and introduce the hardware used in the generation, conversion and interface systems into the existing power grid. After the wind power plants had been put online, the relevance of the Smart Grid concept for existing power grids was obvious. The execution of such projects is assumed to be financially costly, requires careful study, and development of flexible algorithms, but in some cases this may be the only approach. The analysis of using wind turbines shows that the structural configuration of wind power plants can be based on the principles known in the power engineering. The approaches may differ, not fundamentally, but in engineering considerations. it is necessary to point out that the method of controlling dual-power machines is quite comprehensive so that their wide use will face operational problems caused by the lack of highly professional specialists in electric drives. Therefore, it seems advisable to use square-cage asynchronous generators in wide applications. The paper shows that as the renewable energy sources are largely used in power grids, there is an issue of maintaining the power generation at a required level considering the variability of incoming wind energy. This results in the malfunctions in the operation of relay protection devices and emergency control automatics (RP and ECA), and the complicated control. Also, the standards of the CIS countries and regulatory documents miss the requirements for the wind turbine protections, taking into account their specialty causing the inefficient standard protective logic, which does not work correctly in a number of abnormal and emergency operating modes, and especially Smart Grid in power grids.

scholarly journals The Development of Energy Tourism Village in Indonesia: a Case Study in Nusa Penida

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 11001
Author(s):  
Tasdik Darmana ◽  
Tony Koerniawan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
Tourism Potential

The potential for renewable energy in Nusa Penida and the surrounding islands such as solar power plant, wind power plants, Biofuel power plant and Sea-Current power plant as a source of power plant for Bali Island can be integrated with another tourism potential as marine tourism, culinary tour, cultural and religious tourism. The combination of various types of tourism will be more complete if added to tourism knowledge of renewable energy in one location on the Island of Nusa Penida. Using a qualitative approach in the form of a case study and a survey on the island of Nusa Penida and doing interviews with the community and government officials in the Regency of Klungkung, Nusa Penida has the potential to be developed into an integrated tourism area renewable energy field in Indonesia.

On-grid Photovoltaic Power System for Governmental Office Electrification

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Ali Nasser Hussain ◽  
Zuhair Sameen Shuker ◽  
Majid Khudair Abbas Al-Tamimi ◽  
Mimouna Abid
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Grid Connection

Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. The potential solar energy has a capacity to meet all energy requirements for human survival on planet earth. Some applications such as a thermoelectric generator, electric power generation with the assistance of solar panels and water applications are required to reduce the demand for electricity generated by conventional power plants. The current work evaluates the effectiveness of solar energy for supplying the police building located in Diyala, Iraq. The installed renewable power system consists of photovoltaic/ battery system set with grid connection installed on the roof of the building with a capacity of 5.52 kWp and battery unit (200 A, 48 Volt). Based on the daily average load kWh and daily average solar irradiance for the selected site (4.3 kWh/m2), the results of the energy generated by the system for two selected days showed that for a sunny day is about (11.63 kWh) and for party cloudy day is about (8.02 kWh). The average of energy fed to the grid for a sunny day was recorded more by more than 3.0 kWh and for party cloudy day by more than 4.0 kWh.  The system installed at the first day of February of the year 2021. The obtained results encourage to install of photovoltaic systems in the selected site which can feed such facilities with renewable energy and deliver energy to the grid.

Research Opportunities for Renewable Energy Electrification in Remote Areas of Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
Gustavo Richmond-Navarro ◽  
Rolando Madriz-Vargas ◽  
Noel Ureña-Sandí ◽  
Fabian Barrientos-Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Electricity Access

Abstract Most countries around the world are politically driven to move toward a low-carbon future by embracing renewable energy technologies for electricity generation. With abundance of renewable energy resources, Costa Rica produces over 95 percent of its electricity from hydro, geothermal, and wind power plants. Only one percent of its population live without electricity, mainly in remote territories where rural off-grid electrification is very challenging. The purpose of this research is to contribute to enhancing the opportunities to reach universal electricity access in Costa Rica by studying some cases. A comparison with the African situation is made in order to find common points of benefit and learning. This article highlights that a greater level of engagement is needed from local leaders to develop efficient solutions in Costa Rica, and brings a relevant comparison with Africa’s energy needs as well.

scholarly journals CRYOGENIC ACCUMULATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Braverman ◽  
B.K. Ilienko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Possibilities and prospects of accumulation of the electric power generated on objects of renewable energy sources - solar and wind power plants, with use of cryogenic liquids are considered. A comparison of the three most common ways of accumulating electricity: using lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen, liquid air. According to the proposed technology, the efficiency of recovery of electricity from liquid air is from 54 to 70%. The developed technology is based on cryogenic and thermal accumulation and has a high accumulation coefficient. It is shown that energy storage in cryogenic storage devices is the cheapest today. The proposed technology can also be used to generate electricity from liquefied natural gas using standard equipment developed by industry. The technological scheme of the cryoaccumulating station is offered. Bibl. 10, Fig. 1, Table 1.

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