scholarly journals Perception of the risk of adverse reactions to analgesics: Differences between medical students and residents

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Castillo-Guzman ◽  
Omar González-Santiago ◽  
Ismael A Delgado-Leal ◽  
Gerardo E Lozano-Luévano ◽  
Misael J Reyes-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Prescription Behavior

Background. Medications are not exempt from adverse drug reactions (ADR) and how the physician perceives the risk of prescription drugs could influence their availability to report ADR and their prescription behavior. Methods. We assess the perception of risk and the occurrence of ADR associated with COX2-Inbitors, paracetamol, NSAIDs, and morphine in medical students and residents. Results. The analgesic with the highest risk perception was morphine, while the drug with the least risk perceived was paracetamol. Addiction was perceived as the most probable adverse effects developed by morphine. In the case of NSAIDs, the main adverse effect perceived was GI bleeding. Discussion. Our findings show that medical students give higher risk scores than residents toward risk due to analgesics. It is probable that both groups of students have morphinophobia, although more studies are necessary to confirm this. Continuing training and informing physicians about ADRs is necessary since the lack of training is known to induce inadequate use of drugs.

scholarly journals Perception of the risk of adverse reactions to analgesics: Differences between medical students and residents

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Castillo-Guzman ◽  
Omar González-Santiago ◽  
Ismael A Delgado-Leal ◽  
Gerardo E Lozano-Luévano ◽  
Misael J Reyes-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Prescription Behavior

Background. Medications are not exempt from adverse drug reactions (ADR) and how the physician perceives the risk of prescription drugs could influence their availability to report ADR and their prescription behavior. Methods. We assess the perception of risk and the occurrence of ADR associated with COX2-Inbitors, paracetamol, NSAIDs, and morphine in medical students and residents. Results. The analgesic with the highest risk perception was morphine, while the drug with the least risk perceived was paracetamol. Addiction was perceived as the most probable adverse effects developed by morphine. In the case of NSAIDs, the main adverse effect perceived was GI bleeding. Discussion. Our findings show that medical students give higher risk scores than residents toward risk due to analgesics. It is probable that both groups of students have morphinophobia, although more studies are necessary to confirm this. Continuing training and informing physicians about ADRs is necessary since the lack of training is known to induce inadequate use of drugs.

scholarly journals Perception of the risk of adverse reactions to analgesics: differences between medical students and residents

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Castillo-Guzman ◽  
Omar González-Santiago ◽  
Ismael A. Delgado-Leal ◽  
Gerardo E. Lozano-Luévano ◽  
Misael J. Reyes-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Prescription Behavior

Background.Medications are not exempt from adverse drug reactions (ADR) and how the physician perceives the risk of prescription drugs could influence their availability to report ADR and their prescription behavior.Methods.We assess the perception of risk and the perception of ADR associated with COX2-Inbitors, paracetamol, NSAIDs, and morphine in medical students and residents of northeast of Mexico.Results.The analgesic with the highest risk perception in both group of students was morphine, while the drug with the least risk perceived was paracetamol. Addiction and gastrointestinal bleeding were the ADR with the highest score for morphine and NSAIDs respectively.Discussion.Our findings show that medical students give higher risk scores than residents toward risk due to analgesics. Continuing training and informing physicians about ADRs is necessary since the lack of training is known to induce inadequate use of drugs.

Adverse reactions to medication

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bajorek ◽  
Jonathan Hafferty
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatry ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

Adverse reactions to medication represent a major issue in inpatient psychiatry. This chapter systematically explores the most relevant, concerning, and problematic adverse effects routinely encountered in an inpatient setting. It describes the typical presentation, pathophysiology, incidence, and practical management of these problems. Extrapyramidal side effects including acute dystonia, drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia are considered before the chapter explores the rare but potentially life-threatening condition of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Other adverse effects common to antipsychotics that are described include hyperprolactinaemia and psychotropic-induced arrhythmias including QTc prolongation. Sexual dysfunction is an under-recognized and undertreated adverse effect common to several classes of psychotropic medication and is also considered. Focusing on antidepressants, the chapter reviews the frequently encountered issue of hyponatraemia as well as serotonin syndrome and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced bleeding risk. Finally, the chapter addresses perinatal considerations for psychotropic drugs.

scholarly journals Suspected adverse reactions to veterinary drugs reported in South Africa (January 1998 - February 2001) : special report

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gehring
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Centre ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Special Report ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Formal Procedure ◽  
Suspected Adverse Reactions ◽  
Suspected Adverse Drug Reactions

The Veterinary Pharmacovigilance Centre received 59 reports of suspected adverse drug reactions during the period January 1998 - February 2001. The number of reports received increased after the establishment of a formal procedure for recording and responding to reports. The number of reports received per species was: dogs 19, cats 15, cattle 7, sheep/ goats 6, chickens 4, pigs 3, horses 2 and giraffe 1. Many different types of adverse reactions were reported, including lack of efficacy, hypersensitivity, inappropriate use of products by non-veterinarians, known adverse effects and adverse effects encountered with extra-label use of products.

scholarly journals Adverse effects and Drug Interactions Associated with Inhaled Recreational and Medical Marijuana

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisha Kelly Freeman ◽  
Pilar Z Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Recreational Marijuana

Objectives: To provide an overview of the addiction potential; adverse effects (e.g., cardiovascular, immune dysfunction, respiratory system, mental health disorders); drug interactions; effects of accidental exposure; crime statistics; and pharmacist’s considerations for the use of inhaled medical marijuana. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted from 1966 to March 2016 to identify articles in which the safety of inhaled medical marijuana was assessed. Key MeSH search terms included medical marijuana with a subheading for adverse effect. Only articles in adult patients were considered. In addition, medical marijuana or cannabis plus one of the following search terms were searched: drug interactions, herb-drug interactions, drug-related side effects and adverse drug reactions, substance-related disorders, addiction, and abuse. A free-text search was also conducted to identify articles not included in the MeSH term search. A bibliographic search was also conducted. Articles were included if they addressed adverse effects of medical marijuana for the treatment of a condition. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled clinical trials, and case reports were included in the review if the primary focus of the article related to the adverse effect profile of inhaled medical marijuana. Medical marijuana efficacy studies were not assessed. In the absence of this information, case reports or reports of inhaled recreational marijuana use was used. Studies were excluded if published in languages other than English. In addition, studies highlighting mechanisms of action, studies of pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetic effects were excluded, unless these effects were due to drug-drug interactions. Prescription products containing marijuana or derivatives were excluded from evaluation. An Internet search was conducted to locate the most up-to-date information on the laws concerning medical marijuana. Key findings: A PubMed search revealed 58 articles and 28 of those studies were included in this review. Several studies were located that evaluated the safety of medical marijuana; however, much of the review focused on inhaled, recreational marijuana use due to the paucity of information on inhaled medical marijuana. Since marijuana is a Schedule1 product, few clinical studies have been conducted to determine the adverse event profile of the product. As a result, several articles that characterized recreational inhaled marijuana were included. Recreational inhaled marijuana use may be associated with an increase in cardiovascular (CV)/ cerebrovascular effects (CVA); however, conflicting information exists in the literature. Recreational marijuana use may also increase risky behaviors that increase the transmission of infectious diseases and respiratory diseases. Many of the studies were retrospective in nature; therefore, it was difficult to determine a cause and effect relationship between inhaled marijuana use and the development of adverse reactions or drug-drug interactions. Conclusions: There is a paucity of information related to the use of inhaled medical marijuana. Recreational marijuana use is associated with several adverse events including CV/CVA, respiratory, and transmission of infectious diseases. Theoretical literature indicates that medical marijuana may be associated with significant drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. Legalization of medical marijuana may be associated with an increase in abuse/dependence and accidental exposures in children. Pharmacists need to be educated regarding the appropriate use of medical marijuana to avoid adverse reactions and potential drug-drug interactions between medical marijuana and other products.   Type: Original Research

Clinical pharmacology technologies for personalization of cardiovascular diseases drug treatment: focus on direct oral anticoagulants

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Sychev ◽  
Igor N. Sychev ◽  
Karin B. Mirzaev ◽  
Eric I. Rytkin ◽  
Dmitriy V. Ivashchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Treatment Focus ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

One of the main causes for adverse reactions development is not taking into account the pharmacokinetics of drugs and the dose. Pharmacokinetics of drugs is mostly defined by the cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes activity, carboxylesterases and many other isoenzymes of drug metabolism, as well as ADME transporters (P-gp etc.) which take part in the process of drug metabolism. The activity of these isoenzymes is defined by the genetic aspects of patients and non-genetic aspects such as comorbidity and drug-drug interactions. The development of complex algorithms for personalization of therapy based on the results of pharmacogenetic studies and in the form of a decision support system will play an important role in reduction of adverse drug reactions. A lot can be achieved for personalization of Direct Oral Anticoagulants for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. New approaches are being developed based on the results of pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic testing that will help diminish adverse effects of drugs.

scholarly journals Effective ways of finding Adverse Drug Reactions in Pharmacovigilance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Data Mining Algorithm ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Mining Algorithm ◽  
Real Time Database

With many adverse effects happening on population due to medic al drugs, there is driving need to find these effects and reduce it. Hence researchers are working on FDA_AERS, a real time database to find the adverse effect present in drugs. This field has developed as pharmacovigilance and data mining algorithm helps in improving the accuracy of clinical analysis. In this paper, growth of Pharmacovigilance in India and a novel way to find adverse drug reaction is proposed

scholarly journals Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions / Dematološka neželjena dejstva lekova

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Lidija Kandolf-Sekulović ◽  
Tatjana Radević
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Drug Intake ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Adverse drug reactions may be defined as undesirable clinical manifestations resulting from administration of a particular drug; this includes reactions due to overdose, predictable side effects, and unanticipated adverse manifestations. Adverse drug effects on the skin are among the most frequent reactions and, according to a study, account for approximately 14% of all adverse drug reactions. However, the incidence of cutaneous adverse effects in general population is unknown. Systemic drug administration results in various cutaneous adverse reactions, and medications used in the treatment of skin diseases themselves have their own adverse effects. Adverse drug reactions include a wide range of effects, from harmless exanthema of short duration, urticaria to systemic cutaneous reactions such as drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Exanthematous eruptions and urticaria are the two most common forms of cutaneous drug reactions. Less common include fixed eruptions, lichenoid, pustular, bullous and vasculitis reactions. The most severe cutaneous and mucosal adverse drug reactions are epidermal necrolysis, which is usually drug-induced, DRESS syndrome, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Therefore, the diagnostic of adverse drug reactions requires a detailed history of drug intake and development of skin disorders, excellent knowledge of clinical presentations for a wide range of drug-induced skin reactions as well as of the very medications being taken by patients. In addition to details on drug intake, it is necessary to learn about taking herbal and alternative preparations, which may also cause adverse reactions. A drug started within 6 weeks of the development of disorders is considered the most common cause of adverse reaction, as well as drugs taken periodically but regularly. Once a reaction has occurred, it is important to prevent future similar reactions with the same drug or a cross-reacting medication. Early withdrawal of all potentially responsible drugs is essential, particularly in case of severe drug reactions.

Adverse Reactions Associated with Pentamidine Isethionate in Aids Patients: Recommendations for Monitoring Therapy

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Andersen ◽  
Melissa Boedicker ◽  
Mary Ma ◽  
Ellie J.C. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Monitoring Therapy ◽  
Pentamidine Isethionate

Since pentamidine has become commercially available, there is renewed interest in using it as the initial treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. We reviewed the use of pentamidine in 24 patients with PCP to gain information on the prevalence and severity of adverse effects from this drug. Twenty out of twenty-four patients (83 percent) experienced some kind of adverse effect. Hepatic abnormalities (58 percent), nausea and vomiting (46 percent), hypoglycemia (33 percent), azotemia (25 percent), and pain at the injection site (25 percent) were the most frequently seen effects. We recommend monitoring guidelines to be applied during pentamidine therapy based on the observed frequency of specific side effects.

scholarly journals Precision Medicine and Adverse Drug Reactions Related to Cardiovascular Drugs

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
James D. Noyes ◽  
Ify R. Mordi ◽  
Alexander S. Doney ◽  
Rahman Jamal ◽  
Chim C. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Current Guidance

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of death. Early intervention, with lifestyle advice alongside appropriate medical therapies, is fundamental to reduce patient mortality among high-risk individuals. For those who live with the daily challenges of cardiovascular disease, pharmacological management aims to relieve symptoms and prevent disease progression. Despite best efforts, prescription drugs are not without their adverse effects, which can cause significant patient morbidity and consequential economic burden for healthcare systems. Patients with cardiovascular diseases are often among the most vulnerable to adverse drug reactions due to multiple co-morbidities and advanced age. Examining a patient’s genome to assess for variants that may alter drug efficacy and susceptibility to adverse reactions underpins pharmacogenomics. This strategy is increasingly being implemented in clinical cardiology to tailor patient therapies. The identification of specific variants associated with adverse drug effects aims to predict those at greatest risk of harm, allowing alternative therapies to be given. This review will explore current guidance available for pharmacogenomic-based prescribing as well as exploring the potential implementation of genetic risk scores to tailor treatment. The benefits of large databases and electronic health records will be discussed to help facilitate the integration of pharmacogenomics into primary care, the heartland of prescribing.

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