Cytokine response during non-cerebral and cerebral malaria: evidence of a failure to control inflammation as a cause of death in African adults

Background. With 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths in 2015, malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in tropical countries. Several species of the protozoan Plasmodium cause malaria. However, almost all the fatalities are due to Plasmodium falciparum, a species responsible for the severest cases including cerebral malaria. Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum infection is mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors whose actions are crucial for the control of the parasites. Following this response, the induction of anti-inflammatory immune mediators downregulates the inflammation thus preventing its adverse effects such as damages to various organs and death. Methods. We performed a retrospective, nonprobability sampling study using clinical data and sera samples from patients, mainly adults, suffering of non-cerebral or cerebral malaria in Dakar, Sénégal. Healthy individuals residing in the same area were included as controls. We measured the serum levels of 29 biomarkers including growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results. We found an induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators during malaria. The levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the cerebral malaria than in the non-cerebral malaria patients. In contrast, the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable in these two groups or lower in CM patients. Additionally, four pro-inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in the deceased of cerebral malaria compared to the survivors. Regarding organ damage, kidney failure was significantly associated with death in adults suffering of cerebral malaria. Conclusions. Our results suggest that a poorly controlled inflammatory response determines a bad outcome in African adults suffering of cerebral malaria.

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Cytokine response during non-cerebral and cerebral malaria: evidence of a failure to control inflammation as a cause of death in African adults

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1918 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Yakhya Dieye ◽

Babacar Mbengue ◽

Shobha Dagamajalu ◽

Mouhamadou M Fall ◽

Mun Fai Loke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Cerebral Malaria ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Immune Mediators ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Almost All

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Cytokine response during non-cerebral and cerebral malaria: evidence of a failure to control inflammation as a cause of death in African adults

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1965 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e1965 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yakhya Dieye ◽

Babacar Mbengue ◽

Shobha Dagamajalu ◽

Mouhamadou Mansour Fall ◽

Mun Fai Loke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Cerebral Malaria ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Immune Mediators ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Almost All ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background.With 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths in 2015, malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in tropical countries. Several species of the protozoanPlasmodiumcause malaria. However, almost all the fatalities are due toPlasmodium falciparum, a species responsible for the severest cases including cerebral malaria. Immune response toPlasmodiumfalciparum infection is mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors whose actions are crucial for the control of the parasites. Following this response, the induction of anti-inflammatory immune mediators downregulates the inflammation thus preventing its adverse effects such as damages to various organs and death.Methods.We performed a retrospective, nonprobability sampling study using clinical data and sera samples from patients, mainly adults, suffering of non-cerebral or cerebral malaria in Dakar, Sénégal. Healthy individuals residing in the same area were included as controls. We measured the serum levels of 29 biomarkers including growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Results.We found an induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators during malaria. The levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the cerebral malaria than in the non-cerebral malaria patients. In contrast, the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable in these two groups or lower in CM patients. Additionally, four pro-inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in the deceased of cerebral malaria compared to the survivors. Regarding organ damage, kidney failure was significantly associated with death in adults suffering of cerebral malaria.Conclusions.Our results suggest that a poorly controlled inflammatory response determines a bad outcome in African adults suffering of cerebral malaria.

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BLOOD OF CYTOKINE LEVELS AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH LIVER INJURY IN PATIENTS COINFECTED WITH HIV AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS

HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders ◽

10.22328/2077-9828-2019-11-3-57-63 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

L. B. Korolevskaya ◽

E. V. Saydakova ◽

K. V. Shmagel

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Liver Injury ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of blood of cytokines and their correlations with indices of liver injury in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Materials and methods. 61 persons were enrolled in the study: HIV/VHC coinfected patients (n=20), HIV monoinfected patients (n=21) and non-infected volunteers (n=20). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-5, TNF-a, VEGF, FGF basic and biomarkers of liver injury (AST, SGPT, APRI) were measured. The significant increase in serum levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV/VHC co-infected patients compared to the same indices in HIV mono-infected patients was detected. Positive correlation between biomarkers of liver injury and concentrations of observed cytokines and growth factors was found. Conclusion. In chronic inflammation, increased level of peripheral proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their associations with biomarkers of liver injury may explain accelerated liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.

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The Systematic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Double Controlled Trial

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/09636897211024942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 096368972110249

Author(s):

G Adas ◽

Z Cukurova ◽

K Kart Yasar ◽

R Yilmaz ◽

N Isiksacan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Systematic Effect ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Group 3 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The aim of this clinical trial was to control the cytokine storm by administering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to critically-ill COVID-19 patients, to evaluate the healing effect, and to systematically investigate how the treatment works. Patients with moderate and critical COVID-19 clinical manifestations were separated as Group 1 (moderate cases, n = 10, treated conventionally), Group 2 (critical cases, n = 10, treated conventionally), and Group 3 (critical cases, n = 10, treated conventionally plus MSCs transplantation therapy of three consecutive doses on treatment days 0, 3, and 6, (as 3 × 106 cells/kg, intravenously). The treatment mechanism of action was investigated with evaluation markers of the cytokine storm, via biochemical parameters, levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, analyses of tissue regeneration via the levels of growth factors, apoptosis markers, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and granzyme-B, and by the assessment of the immunomodulatory effects via total oxidant/antioxidant status markers and the levels of lymphocyte subsets. In the assessment of the overall mortality rates of all the cases, six patients in Group-2 and three patients in Group-3 died, and there was no loss in Group-1. Proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-2, IL-12, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-13, IL-1ra, and growth factors TGF-β, VEGF, KGF, and NGF levels were found to be significant in Group-3. When Group-2 and Group-3 were compared, serum ferritin, fibrinogen and CRP levels in Group-3 had significantly decreased. CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +, HLA-DR +, and CD16 + / CD56 + levels were evaluated. In the statistical comparison of the groups, significance was only determined in respect of neutrophils. The results demonstrated the positive systematic and cellular effects of MSCs application on critically ill COVID-19 patients in a versatile way. This effect plays an important role in curing and reducing mortality in critically ill patients.

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Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Serum Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988315601724 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1169-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mahdi Hasanzadeh Daloee ◽

Amir Avan ◽

Seyed Reza Mirhafez ◽

Elahe Kavousi ◽

Mehdi Hasanian-Mehr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Female Group ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation, progression, and clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the serum concentrations of 12 cytokines and growth factors (EGF, INF-γ, IL-1α/-1β/-2/-4/-6/-8/-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF) in an Iranian population, including 192 smokers, comparing these values with concentrations in nonsmokers. One hundred and ninety-two cases were enrolled from the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Of these cases, 82 were cigarette smokers and 110 were nonsmokers. Sex and age were matched for the two groups. The serum concentration of 12 cytokines and growth factors were determined using EV-3513-cytokine-biochip arrays, by competitive chemiluminescence immunoassays. The level of serum MCP-1 was significantly ( p < .001) lower in the female group of cigarette smokers (mean = 88.1 dL/ng), compared with nonsmokers (mean = 155.6 dL/ng). There were no significant differences for the other cytokines and growth factors between the groups. Our finding demonstrate the association of MCP-1 with cigarette smoking, supporting further studies in larger population on evaluating the role of cigarette smoking on pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines.

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In Inflamation Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Role of Different Diet Types

Role of Nutrition in Providing Pro-/Anti-Inflammatory Balance - Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3594-3.ch007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 169-201

Author(s):

Ramazan Mert Atan ◽

Uğur Günşen

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Food Groups ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation usually occurs as a result of imbalances between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Diet is one of the factors that play a role in their development and prevent them from developing. Therefore, it is important to determine the pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of foods. Diet is an important and modifiable determinant of chronic diseases. There is a lot of scientific evidence to support the fact that foods consumed have positive and negative effects on individuals' health. In addition to being effective whole of diet, it is seen that the food groups contained in the diet affect the inflammatory biomarkers separately. This section provides information about dietary inflammatory index (DII) and diets that are effective on inflammation.

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Autologous protein solution prepared from the blood of osteoarthritic patients contains an enhanced profile of anti-inflammatory cytokines and anabolic growth factors

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® ◽

10.1002/jor.22671 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 1349-1355 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Krista O'Shaughnessey ◽

Andrea Matuska ◽

Jacy Hoeppner ◽

Jack Farr ◽

Mark Klaassen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Protein Solution ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Role of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the immune response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria

The Lancet Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00449-8 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. 719-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Donato Torre ◽

Filippo Speranza ◽

Roberto Martegani

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Constitutive pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and growth factor response to exercise in leukocytes

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00562.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 1124-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Frank Zaldivar ◽

Jessica Wang-Rodriguez ◽

Dan Nemet ◽

Christina Schwindt ◽

Pietro Galassetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Fluorescence Intensity ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Intracellular Cytokines ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Igf I ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Leukocytosis following exercise is a well-described phenomenon of stress/inflammatory activation in healthy humans. We hypothesized that, despite this increase in circulating inflammatory cells, exercise would paradoxically induce expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors within these cells. To test this hypothesis, 11 healthy adult men, 18–30 yr old, performed a 30-min bout of heavy cycling exercise; blood sampling was at baseline, end-exercise, and 60 min into recovery. The percentage of leukocytes positive for intracellular cytokines and growth factors and mean fluorescence intensity was obtained by flow cytometry. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α), a pleiotropic cytokine (IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors [IL-4, IL-10, growth hormone (GH), and IGF-I] were examined. Median fluorescence intensity was not affected by exercise; however, we found a number of significant changes ( P < 0.05 by mixed linear model and modified t-test) in the numbers of circulating cells positive for particular mediators. The pattern of expression reflected both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. In T-helper lymphocytes, TNF-α, but also IL-6, and IL-4 were significantly increased. In monocytes, both IFN-γ and IL-4 increased. B-lymphocytes positive for GH and IGF-I increased significantly. GH-positive granulocytes also significantly increased. Collectively, these observations indicate that exercise primes an array of pro- and anti-inflammatory and growth factor expression within circulating leukocytes, perhaps preparing the organism to effectively respond to a variety of stressors imposed by exercise.

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