scholarly journals Cytokine response during non-cerebral and cerebral malaria: evidence of a failure to control inflammation as a cause of death in African adults

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakhya Dieye ◽  
Babacar Mbengue ◽  
Shobha Dagamajalu ◽  
Mouhamadou Mansour Fall ◽  
Mun Fai Loke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Immune Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background.With 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths in 2015, malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in tropical countries. Several species of the protozoanPlasmodiumcause malaria. However, almost all the fatalities are due toPlasmodium falciparum, a species responsible for the severest cases including cerebral malaria. Immune response toPlasmodiumfalciparum infection is mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors whose actions are crucial for the control of the parasites. Following this response, the induction of anti-inflammatory immune mediators downregulates the inflammation thus preventing its adverse effects such as damages to various organs and death.Methods.We performed a retrospective, nonprobability sampling study using clinical data and sera samples from patients, mainly adults, suffering of non-cerebral or cerebral malaria in Dakar, Sénégal. Healthy individuals residing in the same area were included as controls. We measured the serum levels of 29 biomarkers including growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Results.We found an induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators during malaria. The levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the cerebral malaria than in the non-cerebral malaria patients. In contrast, the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable in these two groups or lower in CM patients. Additionally, four pro-inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in the deceased of cerebral malaria compared to the survivors. Regarding organ damage, kidney failure was significantly associated with death in adults suffering of cerebral malaria.Conclusions.Our results suggest that a poorly controlled inflammatory response determines a bad outcome in African adults suffering of cerebral malaria.

scholarly journals Cytokine response during non-cerebral and cerebral malaria: evidence of a failure to control inflammation as a cause of death in African adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakhya Dieye ◽  
Babacar Mbengue ◽  
Shobha Dagamajalu ◽  
Mouhamadou M Fall ◽  
Mun Fai Loke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Immune Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Almost All

Background. With 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths in 2015, malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in tropical countries. Several species of the protozoan Plasmodium cause malaria. However, almost all the fatalities are due to Plasmodium falciparum, a species responsible for the severest cases including cerebral malaria. Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum infection is mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors whose actions are crucial for the control of the parasites. Following this response, the induction of anti-inflammatory immune mediators downregulates the inflammation thus preventing its adverse effects such as damages to various organs and death. Methods. We performed a retrospective, nonprobability sampling study using clinical data and sera samples from patients, mainly adults, suffering of non-cerebral or cerebral malaria in Dakar, Sénégal. Healthy individuals residing in the same area were included as controls. We measured the serum levels of 29 biomarkers including growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results. We found an induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators during malaria. The levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the cerebral malaria than in the non-cerebral malaria patients. In contrast, the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable in these two groups or lower in CM patients. Additionally, four pro-inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in the deceased of cerebral malaria compared to the survivors. Regarding organ damage, kidney failure was significantly associated with death in adults suffering of cerebral malaria. Conclusions. Our results suggest that a poorly controlled inflammatory response determines a bad outcome in African adults suffering of cerebral malaria.

scholarly journals Cytokine response during non-cerebral and cerebral malaria: evidence of a failure to control inflammation as a cause of death in African adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakhya Dieye ◽  
Babacar Mbengue ◽  
Shobha Dagamajalu ◽  
Mouhamadou M Fall ◽  
Mun Fai Loke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Immune Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Almost All

Background. With 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths in 2015, malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in tropical countries. Several species of the protozoan Plasmodium cause malaria. However, almost all the fatalities are due to Plasmodium falciparum, a species responsible for the severest cases including cerebral malaria. Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum infection is mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors whose actions are crucial for the control of the parasites. Following this response, the induction of anti-inflammatory immune mediators downregulates the inflammation thus preventing its adverse effects such as damages to various organs and death. Methods. We performed a retrospective, nonprobability sampling study using clinical data and sera samples from patients, mainly adults, suffering of non-cerebral or cerebral malaria in Dakar, Sénégal. Healthy individuals residing in the same area were included as controls. We measured the serum levels of 29 biomarkers including growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results. We found an induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators during malaria. The levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the cerebral malaria than in the non-cerebral malaria patients. In contrast, the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable in these two groups or lower in CM patients. Additionally, four pro-inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in the deceased of cerebral malaria compared to the survivors. Regarding organ damage, kidney failure was significantly associated with death in adults suffering of cerebral malaria. Conclusions. Our results suggest that a poorly controlled inflammatory response determines a bad outcome in African adults suffering of cerebral malaria.

Polydatin reduces cardiotoxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib by decreasing pro-oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome expression.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15065-e15065
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Berretta ◽  
Vincenzo Quagliariello ◽  
Simona Buccolo ◽  
Martina Iovine ◽  
Michelino De Laurentiis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Fetal Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

e15065 Background: : Polydatin has anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties, however no studies investigated on its putative cardioprotective effects against anticancer therapies. Sunitinib, a recently-approved, multi-targeted tyrosine kinases inhibitor, prolongs survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, however a dose related cardiotoxicity was well described. We investigated on the reduction of cytokines and growth factors of polydatin resulting in putative cardioprotective effects. Methods: Human fetal cardiomyocytes were untreated (control) or treated for 48 h with polydatin (50,100,200 and 400 µM) or sunitinib (5,10,25 and 50 µM) alone or combined to polydatin. After the incubation period, we performed the following tests: determination of cell viability, through analysis of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, study of lipid peroxidation (quantifying cellular malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal), intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Moreover, pro-inflammatory studied were also performed (activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; expression of TLR4/MyD88; mTORC1 Fox01/3a; transcriptional activation of p65/NF-κB and secretion of cytokines involved in cardiotoxicity (Interleukins 1β, 8, 6). Results: Exposure of adult cardiomyocytes to polydatin combined to plasma-relevant concentrations of sunitinib reduces significantly intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and cytochrome c release from mitochondria leading to a reduction in cell death compared to cells exposed to sunitinib alone. Polydatin reduces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors involved in myocardial damages and down-regulates the signaling pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB, increasing cellular resistance to sunitinib-mediated damages. Conclusions: Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that polydatin, besides reducing oxidative stress, has cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, thus indicating one the mechanism(s) by which this metabolite of resveratrol might decrease sunitinib-mediated cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) Mediates the Protective Effect of L.Cucurbita Pepo on Salivary Glands of Depressed Rat Evident by Structural, Biochemical and Molecular Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailah M. ALmohaimeed ◽  
Emad A. Albadawi ◽  
Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh ◽  
Hadel M. Alghabban ◽  
Hanan S. Seleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract BackgroundAcute and chronic stresses affect the salivary glands which are the source of plasma BDNF during stressful conditions. Pumpkin is a medicinal plant with an evident antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potential antidepressant effects. This work was conducted to assess the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the structure of albino rats’ salivary glands and evaluate the role of pumpkin extract (Pump) in ameliorating this effect. MethodsFour groups (n=10 each) of male albino rats included in this study; the control, CUMS, CUMS+fluoxetine and (CUMS+Pump). Corticosterone, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α & IL-6) and the oxidant/antioxidant profile were all assessed in the serum. BDNF mRNA level was measured in the salivary glands using qRT-PCR. Histopathological changes of the salivary glands were also assessed. ResultsDepression was confirmed behaviorally and biochemically. Exposure to CUMS significantly (p< 0.001) up-regulated the level of serum corticosterone. CUMS induced degenerative changes in the secretory and ductal system, atrophy of acini and increased apoptosis of the acinar and ductal cells. Both fluoxetine and Pump significantly up-regulated (p<0.001) BDNF expression in the salivary glands and ameliorated the CUMS-induced histopathological alterations in the salivary glands. Pumpkin significantly (p<0.001) increased the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT and reduced the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6.ConclusionPumpkin ameliorates chronic stress-induced depression in rats by exerting a promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-depressant-like effects in rats exposed to CUMS. Pump subsequently improved stress-induced structural changes in the salivary glands that might be due to the glands up-regulation of BDNF expression.Trial registrationNot applicable.

scholarly journals The pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion in patients with secondary edematous breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-540
Author(s):  
O. M. Bilyi ◽  
N. A. Mitriaieva ◽  
M. V. Krasnoselskyi ◽  
L. V. Hrebinyk
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Secondary edematous breast cancer (SEBC), T4b, has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to examine the balance in serum levels of pro-inflammatory (TNFά, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines in patients with SEBC before special treatment. Materials and methods. A total of 87 patients with breast cancer (BC) were examined before treatment: 42 patients with SEBC in T4bN0-3M0 stage and 45 BC patients in T3-4N1-3M0 stage without edema. The control group consisted of 15 patients with fibroadenomas. The serum levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-8, TNFά) in the patients was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. In the SEBC patients as compared to the patients without cancer, the serum pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-8, TNFά) levels were significantly increased and the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) level was slightly increased in 22 %. In BC without edema, an imbalance was noted in favor of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but in SEBC it was more pronounced (31.6 versus 12.4 and 5.6 versus 3.2, respectively). Conclusions. In the majority of SEBC patients, there is an imbalance in the cytokine profile in favor of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNFά). SEBC patients with elevated levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines before treatment are the highest risk group of tumor progression and metastasis. Inhibition of the IL-8 effects or related CXC chemokines, TNFά, and others may have important consequences for the systemic treatment of SEBC.

scholarly journals CD19+ CD24hi CD38hi Regulatory B Cells and Memory B Cells in Periodontitis: Association with Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Helal F. Hetta ◽  
Ibrahim M. Mwafey ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Suliman Y. Alomar ◽  
Nahed A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are unique subpopulations of B cells with immune-regulating or immune-suppressing properties and play a role in peripheral tolerance. Due to the current limitations of human Breg studies among periodontal diseases, in the present study, we tried to analyze the change in circulating Bregs, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with periodontitis. Peripheral blood from 55 patients with stage 2 periodontitis and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using flow cytometry to evaluate the frequency of CD19+CD24+CD38+ Breg cells. ELISA was used to assess the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Increased proportions of Breg cells were observed in patients with stage 2 periodontitis compared to controls. Serum levels of cytokines were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared to controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between the frequencies of Breg cells and IL35 levels, IL10 levels, and TGF-β. In conclusion, our results suggest that the increase in peripheral Breg cells and serum cytokine levels among periodontitis patients seems to be closely associated with disease progression, a possible link between periodontitis, and systemic inflammatory process.

scholarly journals Effects of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on systemic lupus erythematosus patients with hypovitaminosis D on serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-7, IFN-Gamma), anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-Beta) and anti-ds DNA levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
Cesarius Singgih Wahono ◽  
Irene Saveria ◽  
Cameleia Diah Setyorini ◽  
Zoraida Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Handono Kalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Cholecalciferol Supplementation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

A B S T R A C TSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune diseaseand can attack almost all organs and tissues of the human body. Beside geneticfactors, environmental factors are thought to play a role, such as ultraviolet light,viral infections and smoking, causing a breakdown of self-tolerance which cantrigger an autoimmune response. The study was conducted in the outpatient andinpatient units of the Rheumatology Division of the Department of InternalMedicine Saiful Anwar General Hospital/Faculty of medicine UniversitasBrawijaya, Malang. Subjects were female patients, aged > 18 years who had beendiagnosed as SLE by internist-rheumatologist based on the 1997 ACR criteria, withSLEDAI score > 3. After 3 months of supplementation, there was a significantdecrease in serum levels of the three pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, IFN-gamma), as shown in table 3, compared to before treatment, as well as anti-dsDNA levels.Serum TGF-beta1 levels increased significantly, while 25 (OH) D3 levels also increasedsignificantly.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Densities of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Serum IL-9, IL-10, and TNF-α Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Hanie Mahaki ◽  
Naghi Jabarivasal ◽  
Khosro Sardarian ◽  
Alireza Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) are abundantly produced in modern societies. In recent years, interest in the possible effects of ELF-EMFs on the immune system has progressively increased. Objective: To examine the effects of ELF-EMFs with magnetic flux densities of 1, 100, 500, and 2000 µT on the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-9, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods: 80 adult male rats were exposed to ELF-EMFs at a frequency of 50 Hz for 2 h/day for 60 days. The serum cytokines were measured at two phases of pre- and post-stimulation of the immune system by human serum albumin (HSA). Results: Serum levels of IL-9 and TNF-α, as pro-inflammatory cytokines, were decreased due to 50 Hz EMFs exposure compared with the controls in the pre- and post-stimulation phases. On the contrary, exposures to 1 and 100 µT 50 Hz EMFs increased the levels of antiinflammatory cytokine, and IL-10 only in the pre-stimulation phase. In the post-stimulation phase, the mean level of serum IL-10 was not changed in the experimental groups. Conclusion: The magnetic flux densities of 1 and 100 µT 50 Hz EMFs had more immunological effects than EMFs with higher densities. Exposure to 50 Hz EMFs may activate anti-inflammatory effects in rats, by down-modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-9 and TNF-α) and induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10).

Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Naproxen on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolnezhadian F ◽  
◽  
Khosravi AD ◽  
Makvandi M ◽  
Varnaseri M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was declared by the World Health Organization as pandemic in the early 2020. The clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, including dry cough, fatigue, fever, shortness of breath, and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, increased immune inflammatory responses to stimuli can result in the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunopathological complications and death in patients infected with COVID-19. Given the anti-inflammatory effects of Naproxen, this study evaluated the effect of naproxen on IL-1β, TNF-a, IL-6, IFN-γ and TGF-β in COVID-19 patients. According to the results, the serum levels of IFN-γ and TGF-β cytokines significantly decreased in the patients after the treatment with naproxen. In addition, the naproxen treatment was found effective in reducing the serum level of IL-6 and IL-1β in patients with COVID-19, though it did not significantly change the serum level of TNF-a. Overall, the findings demonstrated the effectiveness of naproxen on pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating their serum levels in COVID-19 patients.

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