scholarly journals Do chimpanzees and orangutans use communication in a cooperative task?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Africa de las Heras ◽  
Dan Sperber ◽  
Josep Call
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
Food Location ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Pongo Abelii ◽  
Visual Access

Previous experimental studies show that captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and orangutans (Pongo abelii) cooperate with conspecifics but communication does not seem to play a crucial role. We presented a coordination task in which pairs of conspecifics had to communicate to succeed. Participants faced each other from opposite sides of an apparatus playing either a communicator or an operator role. At the beginning of each trial, the communicator was provided with a tool that could only be used from the operator’s side. If the operator inserted the tool into the baited tube the apparatus delivered food for both apes. Successful cooperation required that the communicator pass the tool to the operator and indicate the location of the baited tube so that the operator could insert it into the baited tube. In the experimental condition, only the communicator could see which one of four tubes was baited, while in the control condition both individuals had visual access to the baited tube. Data collection is currently ongoing. Participants are chimpanzees (1 male, 5 females; mean age= 22 years) and orangutans (2 males, 5 females; mean age= 18 years) housed at the Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Center in Leipzig (Germany). So far, four dyads of chimpanzees have cooperated to solve the task. Preliminary results indicate that the communicator typically transfers the tool near the location of the food. In the experimental condition, success rate varies from 25% to 81% (compared to 94-100% in the control condition). Communicators pass the tool, touch or point at the food location, whereas operators request the tool, and both use attention getters aimed at their partners. We are currently analyzing whether these behaviors are independent of the operator’s visual access to the baited location.

scholarly journals Do chimpanzees and orangutans use communication in a cooperative task?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Africa de las Heras ◽  
Dan Sperber ◽  
Josep Call
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
Food Location ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Pongo Abelii ◽  
Visual Access

Previous experimental studies show that captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and orangutans (Pongo abelii) cooperate with conspecifics but communication does not seem to play a crucial role. We presented a coordination task in which pairs of conspecifics had to communicate to succeed. Participants faced each other from opposite sides of an apparatus playing either a communicator or an operator role. At the beginning of each trial, the communicator was provided with a tool that could only be used from the operator’s side. If the operator inserted the tool into the baited tube the apparatus delivered food for both apes. Successful cooperation required that the communicator pass the tool to the operator and indicate the location of the baited tube so that the operator could insert it into the baited tube. In the experimental condition, only the communicator could see which one of four tubes was baited, while in the control condition both individuals had visual access to the baited tube. Data collection is currently ongoing. Participants are chimpanzees (1 male, 5 females; mean age= 22 years) and orangutans (2 males, 5 females; mean age= 18 years) housed at the Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Center in Leipzig (Germany). So far, four dyads of chimpanzees have cooperated to solve the task. Preliminary results indicate that the communicator typically transfers the tool near the location of the food. In the experimental condition, success rate varies from 25% to 81% (compared to 94-100% in the control condition). Communicators pass the tool, touch or point at the food location, whereas operators request the tool, and both use attention getters aimed at their partners. We are currently analyzing whether these behaviors are independent of the operator’s visual access to the baited location.

Entscheidungsprozesse beim Übersetzen: Routine und Reflexion bei Novizen und Berufsübersetzern

Fachsprache ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Friederike Prassl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Science Text ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Cognitive Involvement

This article focuses on the decision-making processes involved in research and knowledge integration in translation processes. First, the relevance of decision taking intranslation is discussed. Second, the psychology of decision making as seen by Jungermann et al. (2005) is introduced, who propose a categorization of decision-making processes intofour types: “routinized”, “stereotype”, “reflected” and “constructed”. This classification is then applied to the translations by five professional translators and five novices of five segments occurring in a popular-science text. The analysis reveals that the decision-making types are distributed differently among students and professional translators, which also has to be seen against the background of whether the decisions made were successful or not. The preliminary results of this study show that students resort to reflected decisions in most cases, but with a low success rate. Professionals achieve a higher success rate when making reflected decisions. As expected, they also make more routinized decisions than students. The professionals’ success rates improve with increasing cognitive involvement, while their failure rates are relatively high when making routinized decisions, an aspect worthwhile considering in translation didactics.

scholarly journals A TALE OF TWO TWITTERS? IDENTIFYING BRIDGES BETWEEN LANGUAGE BASED TWITTERSPHERES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Victor Münch ◽  
Luca Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Global Space

Global political developments – such as Brexit, climate change, or forced migration – are entangled with communication that transcends national publics. Meanwhile, the EU’s integrity suffers, also due to polarised online discourses, which are sometimes actively manipulated. Therefore, an overview of online communication beyond language barriers is essential. However, whether and how online media create a global space that sustains deliberation of national and global interests by citizens, remains understudied. We approach this problem by exploring relations between the Italian and German Twittersphere, while asking: 1) What is the macrostructure of this bilingual network? 2) Are there bridges between these language communities in the form of single accounts and how can they be described? 3) Are there bridges in the form of groups and what are they tweeting about? We build on an innovative network crawling strategy for language-based Twitter follow networks. We developed it further to combine strengths of rank degree, snowball, and forest fire sampling. Thereby, we collect a network sample of the most central accounts in the Italian-German Twittersphere. Preliminary results suggest a bridging quality of soccer and connections between political clusters of both languages by EU politicians. Furthermore, larger network clusters connect mainly with one linguistic domain while smaller communities show a bridging behaviour. The final paper will present results of months of data collection, focusing on the relation between topics discussed within clusters and their connectivity. While it focuses on the German-Italian Twittersphere, our methods open up new avenues of enquiry regarding multi-language public spheres.

Impact of PSMA PET/CT on SRT planning: Preliminary results from the randomized phase III trial NCT03582774.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Jeremie Calais ◽  
Wesley R Armstrong ◽  
Amar Upadhyaya Kishan ◽  
Kiara M Booker ◽  
David Elashoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Volume Delineation ◽  
Psma Pet ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Impact

30 Background: The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the success rate of salvage radiation therapy (SRT) for recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy with and without planning based on prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET). Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label, Phase 3 clinical imaging trial powered for clinical outcome at 5 years. UCLA is the leading central site in which PSMA PET, clinical follow-up and data management are being done. UCSF was a participating site in which PSMA PET imaging can be done. SRT can be performed anywhere, patients are followed remotely by the UCLA investigators. Patients scheduled for SRT for recurrence after primary prostatectomy and with PSA ≥ 0.1ng/ml at time of enrollment were eligible. Patients were randomized to proceed with standard SRT allowing for any conventional imaging aside from PSMA PET/CT (control arm) or undergo a 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan prior to SRT planning (investigational arm). The primary endpoint is the success rate of SRT at 5 years in patients who undergo SRT. We report here the preliminary results of a secondary endpoint: the impact of PSMA PET on SRT planning by comparing the pre-randomization RT plans prospectively obtained on surveys before randomization to the actually delivered RT plans obtained after follow-up. Results: Enrollment of the trial was complete. 193 patients were enrolled from 09.06.2018 to 08.17.2020. 7/90 patients (9%) in the control arm dropped-out the study because they underwent a PSMA PET at another institution, while 1/103 (1%) patients of the intervention arm dropped-out due to COVID-19 related complications. After a median follow-up of 13.3 months (last follow-up date 09/01/2020), delivered RT plans were obtained in 60/83 (72%) and 70/102 (69%) of patients of the control and the PSMA arms, respectively. Median PSA at enrollment was 0.32 ng/ml (IQR 0.17-1.35) and 0.22 ng/ml (IQR 0.14-0.50) in the control and PSMA arms, respectively. There was a change between the intended pre-randomization RT plan and the actually delivered RT plan in 17/60 (28%) and 40/70 (57%) of the patients in the control and PSMA arms, respectively (p = 0.002). SRT was aborted in favor of systemic therapy and/or metastasis directed RT for extra-pelvic M1 disease in 2/60 (3%) and 12/70 (17%) of the control and PSMA arms, respectively (p = 0.17). Dose prescription and/or target volume delineation was changed in 2/60 (3%) and 1/70 (26%) in the control and PSMA arms, respectively (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In this prospective randomized phase 3 study, PSMA PET had an impact on the SRT plan in more than half of the patients. Long-term follow-up will show if the impact of PSMA PET on SRT planning translates into improved outcome or not. Clinical trial information: NCT03582774.

Quality Standardization Patterns in ICT Offshore

2009 ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
Esther Ruiz Ben
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Ict Competencies

In recent years, the ICT branch has experienced new internationalization impulses through the improvement of offshore practices. Particularly the development of modularization and standardization of some production processes have crucially contributed to enabling offshoring in globalized areas of ICT. Competencies as well as innovation sources have increasingly fragmented; resting upon cooperation and trust principles. Quality standards play a crucial role to satisfy and optimize these coordination and regulation needs so to warrant quality outcomes. In this chapter, I will give an overview of the development of quality standards related to offshore projects, focusing particularly on recent practices in Europe. To illustrate the importance of quality standards and quality management for ICT off- and nearshore projects, and moreover for the internationalization of the ICT branch, I present some preliminary results of my work in progress. From the perspective of project managers in large ICT firms, quality standards play a very important role as the internal controlling instrument of working and communication processes; as well as an external mechanism beyond the ICT network in order to get market advantages.

scholarly journals Foliar Mineral Treatments for The Reduction of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Fruit Cracking

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Alvaro Lopez-Zaplana ◽  
Gloria Bárzana ◽  
Agatha Agudelo ◽  
Micaela Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Fruit cracking affects many types of crops and is a major problem since the breakage of the surface of the fruit produces high economic losses. Numerous studies have looked at different ways to prevent this, mainly in melon, but with a low success rate. In this work, a standardisation of the induction of cracking is proposed that involves changes in the irrigation pattern (high conductivity or double irrigation). The prevention of the appearance of cracking was carried out through different foliar mineral treatments. The incidence of cracking was studied in relation to gas exchange variables and the concentrations of minerals in tissues. Our results show a more pronounced increase in cracking with double irrigation. Multiple elements were found to be associated with cracking such as B, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn. Furthermore, foliar application of different microelements (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) decreased the melon cracking incidence, thus assigning to the appropriate combination of these elements a crucial role in cracking amelioration.

353. Implementation of a dose data collection software system: structure of data and CT preliminary results

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
L. Bellesi ◽  
R. Wyttenbach ◽  
D. Gaudino ◽  
F. Pupillo ◽  
M. Ramundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Software System ◽  
Preliminary Results

scholarly journals The significance of anthropochory in Hercinothrips femoralis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) – Short Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Martin Štefánik ◽  
Martina Zvaríková ◽  
Rudolf Masarovič ◽  
Peter Fedor
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
First Record ◽  
Passive Transport ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Introduction Pathway ◽  
High Tatra Mts ◽  
Tatra Mts

After the first record of the banded greenhouse thrips, Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter, 1891) in Slovakia in 2008, a peculiar occurrence in an extreme subalpine environment of Podbanské (High Tatra Mts.), Slovakia, during the summer of the same year was observed. Since this species of exotic thrips is known to be almost sedentary, the mode of dispersal was hypothesized to be related to passive transport via weather currents. According to our observations of unintentional dispersal a test was conducted to research a previously unidentified introduction pathway of this species. Our preliminary results show that passive transport by humans plays a crucial role in the dispersal of H. femoralis.

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