Peran Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Educator dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi

This research is a research on the role of school principals in improving the competence of Information and Communication Technology teachers which will discuss how the role of principals in improving teacher ICT competencies, how the competence of teachers' ICT and supporting and inhibiting factors in increasing Information Technology competence Teacher communication at SMP Negeri 10 Palembang. The method used in this study uses a qualitative type, and a phenomenological approach. Data research techniques use observation, interviews and documentation through data analysis. In validating the data found in the research field the results use source triangulation and technical triangulation. The research results: first The role of the head schools as educators in improving teacher ICT competence are implementing strategies such as holding training, creating a conducive work climate such as providing ICT facilities, always reminding teachers of the importance of ICT in the present and providing motivation in the form of praise and reprimands. Second, the ICT competence of teachers includes computers, the use of software based on the child's condition, the ability of the teacher, software that is practical, simple, efficient, and multifunctional and applies techniques online and offline. Third, supporting factors include teachers' awareness of learning, adequate equipment, and teacher educational background. Barring factors include the limited capacity caused and the budget for ICT training that has not been included in the school budget at the beginning of the year

SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS FORMS OF ACCOMPANIMENT OF REMOTE PROJECTS AND COURSES

Предлагается анализ феноменов дистанционного и электронного обучения. Представлены этапы становления технологии дистанционно организованного учебного процесса. Анализируется уровень сформированности ИКТ-компетенций учителей, студентов педагогических вузов, обучающихся общеобразовательных организаций. Рассмотрены вопросы оперативного (онлайн) и отложенного во времени (офлайн) сопровождения деятельности педагогов, связанной с проведением и участием в ИКТ-проектах в рамках собственной профессиональной деятельности. Работа основана на реальном опыте осуществления проектов на территории Алтайского края в 2012–2018 гг. Описывается опыт сопровождения проектов и курсов по формированию ИКТ-компетенций, в том числе моделей организации оперативного консультирования учителей средствами чат-ботов, специализированных групп в социальных сетях, сайтов с форумами и др. Рассмотрены вопросы онлайн-сопровождения офлайн-организованного учебного процесса студентов, что соответствует осуществлению и поддержке какого-либо предметного курса обучения. Материал базируется на опыте преподавания в период локдауна, связанного с пандемией новой коронавирусной инфекции. Введены понятия вертикально и горизонтально организованной распределенной поддержки, рассмотрены различные способы и методы ее осуществления. Описывается авторская технология организации дистанционных курсов повышения квалификации учителей по тематике внедрения ИКТ в образовательный процесс. Указывается, что при организации сопровождения дистанционных и очно-дистанционных проектов и курсов наиболее оптимальным является использование комбинации синхронного и асинхронного вида коммуникации. The article offers an analysis of the phenomena of distance and e-learning, presents the stages of the formation of the technology of the distance-organized educational process. The level of formation of ICT competencies of teachers, students of pedagogical universities, students of general educational organizations is analyzed. The issues of operational “online” and delayed “offline” support of teachers’ activities related to the implementation and participation in ICT projects within the framework of their own professional activities are considered. The work is based on real experience in implementing projects on the territory of the Altai Territory (2012–2018), including the experience of supporting projects and courses on the formation of ICT competencies, including models for organizing operational counseling for teachers using chat bots, specialized groups in social networks, sites with forums, etc. The issues of online support of the offline organized educational process of students are considered, which corresponds to the implementation and support of any subject course of study. This material is based on teaching experience during the quarantine period associated with the coronavirus epidemic. The article introduces the concepts of vertically and horizontally organized distributed support, discusses various ways and methods of implementing this support. The author’s technology of organizing distance courses for advanced training of teachers on the topic of ICT implementation in the educational process is described. It is indicated that when organizing support for remote and intramural-distance projects and courses, the most optimal is the use of a combination of synchronous and asynchronous communication.

Relationships between ICT competencies related to work, self-esteem, and self-regulated learning with engineering competencies

The rapid development of advanced technology worldwide has promoted an increase in the need for highly skilled engineers who are adept at applying job-related technologies and have engineering competency (ENcom) to gain knowledge and introduce creative solutions. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of the associations between ICT competencies related to work (ICT-Work) and the ENcom of engineering students. This study sought to examine the role of ICT-Work on ENcom. Based on the literature, self-esteem and self-regulated learning (SRL) were identified as factors that indicate the effect of ICT-Work on ENcom, while gender was identified as a moderator that conditioned these mediated relationships. The sample consisted of 1,313 undergraduate engineering students from eleven universities in Thailand. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed positive direct and indirect effects of ICT-Work on ENcom, self-esteem, and SRL and confirmed that self-esteem and SRL mediate the impact of ICT-Work on ENcom. Moreover, multigroup SEM revealed no gender differences in the factor loadings and structural path coefficients of ICT-Work on ENcom via self-esteem and SRL. To prepare students for their professional lives in the digital world, educational institutions should emphasize the importance of developing engineering students in ICT-Work and the use of advanced ICT involved in the job.

“Miss having in-person classes” – university studying during COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. Managing the formal education system during COVID-19 has become an unwanted challenge for the academic community. Without suffi time for preparations, different models of distance education were applied. The aim was to ensure the continuity of teaching, to encourage the process of distance learning, and to enable their evaluation.Aim. This study aimed to analyse the opinions of students from the Department of Early Childhood Education (hereafter ECE) at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (hereafter Faculty), University of Split, on their study conditions during the COVID-19 from March 2020. It was assumed that learning in an online environment encourages the development of new learning strategies. Family and work status and residence of students (in the place of study or outside it) were taken as predictor variables in assessing the quality and conditions of the study.Methodology and research methods. The research was conducted online at the end of the 2020 academic year when students gathered online teaching experiences. The Google Apps tool was used in the data collection process. The Ethics Committee of the Faculty at the University of Split gave its consent to the implementation of this research. During online teaching, all students are informed about the purpose and course of research. Research included 68,75 % students (n = 156) studying at the ECE Department. The following aspects were investigated: forms and frequencies of distance learning; the possibility of students’ response to study obligations (due to closed libraries); difficulties, advantages and possibilities of conducting online teaching; students’ dissatisfaction with the quality of the organisation and implementation of online teaching, and opportunities for quality development.Results. Findings identified difficulties in the lack of ICT competencies of both students and teachers, mixed-use of different platforms, workload and lack of adequate literature. Students assessed the greater availability of teaching materials and more reachable teachers as positive, and experience of discussions on social networks as one of the useful ways of distance learning. By exchanging the content of teaching materials, they developed new learning strategies and showed possible new adaptations to learning using social networking. Students’ dissatisfaction with online teaching could be interpreted by their subjective reasons and contextual conditions.Scientific novelty. The data processed in this research are triangulated with worldwide research on study conditions during lockdowns. It can be concluded that regardless of the previous lockdowns basic use of ICT (sending and receiving seminar tasks over e-mail), most higher education institutions were not ready for an overall transition to online teaching. The findings point to the need for systematic research into the possibilities of applying new technologies in the study process (learning, availability of relevant sources, networking of scientists, and quality exchange of information).Practical significance. Given that before the COVID-19 at this Faculty there was no similar research, nor experience with any online teaching forms, it is difficult to determine the extent of the change. Nevertheless, it is possible to conclude that the teaching staff did not have adequate ICT competencies for the implementation of quality online teaching. The quality of teaching in this research was contributed by more reachable teaching staff and their willingness to cooperate. In the changed living conditions as a consequence of the pandemic, it is possible to expect further changes in the way of studying. The insight and analysis of students’ opinions through this research could contribute to the development of the quality of the teaching process in any given crisis.

Incorporating CEFR bands and ICT-competences in grammar syllabuses of English Language Education Study Program in Indonesia

The incorporation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the educational field has been widely implemented as 21st century skill. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is one of the global standard languages required for global standard. However, in Indonesian context, there is lack of syllabuses incorporating CEFR bands and ICT-competences. This study explores the CEFR levels and ICT-competences incorporating in grammar syllabuses of ELESP in Indonesian universities. A content analysis method is used. Fifteen syllabuses of the grammar of the ELESP from 8 universities in Indonesia were selected purposely based on the proportion of private and public universities. All the grammar syllabuses are identified as Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced grammar. The findings revealed that: basic grammar, the CEFR level was A1-B1, intermediate grammar, the CEFR level was A1-B2, while the advanced grammar showed that CEFR level was B2-C2. In addition, the ICT-competences in entire syllabuses showed insufficient utilization which dominated Knowledge Acquisition and less intended for Knowledge Deepening and Knowledge Creation. These findings contribute as a reference to adjust and re-align the existing syllabuses to be in line with the CEFR bands framework and enriched with ICT-competencies.

Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of ICT and TPACK Competencies

Introduction: The competencies needed for information and communication technologies (ICT) integration in the teaching-learning process are related to the use of technology, pedagogical attitudes, and content planning. These qualifications are all interrelated and should not be seen separately (Becuwe et al., 2017). In this context, ICT and TPACK competencies are important for ICT integration. The standards of ISTE for educators define the ICT skills that teachers should have as designers and facilitators (International Society for Technology Education [ISTE], 2020). These standards are gathered within the framework of ICT literacy, digital literacy, and ICT competence (Tondeur et al., 2017). The concept of ICT competence discussed in this study refers to the integrated and functional use of digital knowledge, skills and attitudes (Hatlevik et al., 2015). In this study, the ICT integration competencies of pre-service teachers (PSTs) were examined as ICT competencies and TPACK competencies in terms of a range of variables. For this purpose, the following question was asked: “Is there any significant difference in the ICT integration competencies of PSTs according to a range of variables?” Methods: This study is based on causal-comparative research. The research was conducted in the autumn term of the 2019-2020 academic year. A convenience sampling method was used. In this regard, 413 PSTs, who are students of faculties of education at ten state universities located in different cities in Turkey, participated voluntarily in the study. The “Pre-service Teachers’ ICT Competencies Scale” developed by Tondeur et al. (2017) and the “TPACK-Deep Scale” developed by Kabakçı Yurdakul et al. (2012) were used to collect the data in the study. In addition to the scales, seven questions were asked about gender, grade, department, GPA, ICT course grade, owning a computer for educational purposes, and one’s perceived ability to use technology. Two methods have been adopted to collect data. The first was to collect the printed forms that were completed in pen by the PSTs, and the second was to prepare the electronic form and deliver it to the PSTs via e-mail and social media applications and then collect the data. To analyse the data, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Results: ICT and TPACK competencies of PSTs differ according to grade, having one’s own computer for educational purposes, and one’s perceived ability to use technology, but do not differ by gender. There is no significant difference in ICT and TPACK competencies according to the gender of PSTs. There is a significant difference in ICT and TPACK competencies according to the grade of PSTs and this difference is in favour of fourth grades. There is a significant difference in terms of ICT competencies and TPACK competencies according to computer ownership for educational purposes. This difference is in favour of PSTs who have their own computers. According to the perceived ability to use the technology of PSTs, there is a significant difference in ICT competencies and TPACK competencies. This difference is in favour of PSTs who think they can use technology at the advanced or expert level. Discussion: In the face of constantly developing and changing technology, an important consideration is the competencies teachers and PSTs should have for ICT integration. Factors contributing to the explanation of the ICT integration process such as skills and competencies, pedagogical beliefs and self-efficacy, professional development and teacher experiences, ICT infrastructure, and access and tools are seen to have a positive effect on ICT use (Kaya & Usluel, 2011). It has been suggested that competence and pedagogical knowledge regarding ICT integration as perceived by teachers are important when starting to integrate ICT into teaching practices (Aslan & Zu, 2015). In this study, it was found that there is a difference in ICT integration competencies of PSTs in favour of those who have their own computers and those who think they can use technology at the advanced or expert level. As the PSTs experience an increase in their perceived level of skill in their use of technology, their ICT integration competencies increase. This study also shows that PSTs’ computer ownership has an impact on their education and improves their technological skills, making a difference in terms of ICT integration competencies. Limitations: This study was limited to PSTs who studied at the faculty of education at state universities in Turkey. In addition, two scales related to ICT integration and one demographic questionnaire were used. Also, the convenience sampling method was used and the sampling was confined to 413 PSTs. Conclusions: There is a need for educational processes that emphasise technology’s educational value and enable teachers to improve themselves pedagogically and plan more effective teaching-learning processes using this pedagogical knowledge. To meet the needs of the learners of this century, teachers must first be equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills in their educational processes (Yıldırım, 2000; Zhou et al., 2010). PSTs should experience this process in their teaching-learning process, and should receive training in the integration of ICT in the teaching-learning process (Çubukçu et al., 2017). Research shows that the learning experiences of PSTs in this sense and the integration of ICT with their subject areas are closely related to understanding the educational value of ICT (Mumcu & Usluel, 2015). Academics, who take a role in teacher education, should use technology effectively in their lessons, and PSTs should experience the educational uses of technology through their education (Başal, 2015). In this sense, academics who take part in teacher education have important duties.

A Survey of Pre-Service Teachers ICT’s Competencies in Papua

This research analyzes the ICT Competencies of Pre-services Teachers in Papua, including the Region of Sorong, Merauke, Jayapura, and Manokwari. This research aims to discover the students of Teachers' Training Faculty spread in Papua competencies on ICT. The measurement of ICT competencies is carried out using a model developed by Tondeur for preservice teachersusing questionnaires that consisted of 19 items. Questionnaires were distributed to Papua Region covering Jayapura and Merauke, West Papua region covering Sorong and Manokwari. Sixty-eight respondents became the data in this study. Data were analyzed using XL Stats to find the mean and standard deviation. The findings in this study were; the low competencies were found on Papuan Indigenous Pre-service teachers, and the high competencies were found in science discipline compared to non-science in Papua and West Papua Indonesia. The low ability of native Papuan students in managing information in the digital world is indicated by the lack of awareness of preservice teachers in developing a sense of responsibility in using ICT as a communication medium and activities involving ICT use.

PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN LITERASI DIGITAL PADA KOMPETENSI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI (TIK) CALON GURU

Saat ini guru dituntut memiliki kemampuan mengintegrasikan TIK dalam pembelajaran untuk menjawab tantangan pembelajaran di abad 21. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi TIK guru adalah dengan menerapkan pembelajaran literasi digital di perguruan tinggi yang mencetak lulusan calon guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pembelajaran literasi digital pada kompetensi TIK mahasiswa calon guru. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berupa survei kepada mahasiswa Program Studi Kependidikan sebagai calon guru dan selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara untuk proses triangulasi data. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa calon guru di Universitas Negeri Semarang. Hasil survey menunjukan kedua kelompok responden memiliki kompetensi TIK yang baik. Namun setelah diteliti lebih dalam dari data triangulasi hasil wawancara komptensi TIK, calon guru yang telah memperoleh pembelajaran literasi digital lebih unggul pada aspek pemahaman TIK dalam pendidikan, organisasi, dan administrasi, dan pembejajaran guru profesional. Pengaruh pembelajaran digital terhadap kompetensi TIK calon guru pada ketiga aspek tersebut menjadi rekomendasi diterapkannya pembelajaran literasi digital pada perguruan tinggi yang mencetak calon guru. Currently, teachers are required to have the ability to integrate ICT in learning to answer the challenges of learning in the 21st century. One of the efforts to improve teachers’ ICT competencies is to implement digital literacy learning in universities that produce prospective teacher graduates. This study aims to determine how the effect of digital literacy learning on the ICT competence of pre-service teacher students. The research uses a quantitative approach which is carried out in the form of a survey to students of the Education Study Program as pre-service teachers and then interviews are carried out for the data triangulation process. The research subjects were pre-service teacher students at Universitas Negeri Semarang. The survey questionnaire was developed based on the indicators of teacher ICT competence according to UNESCO which consists of 6 aspects. The survey results show that both groups of respondents have good ICT competencies. However, after a more in-depth investigation of the triangulation data from the ICT competency interviews, preservice teachers who have obtained digital literacy learning are superior in aspects of understanding ICT in education, organization and administration, and teaching professionalteachers. The influence of digital learning on the ICT competence of pre-service teachers in these three aspects becomes a recommendation for the implementation of digital literacy learning in universities that create pre-service teachers.

Impact of Information Communication Technology Competency Among Auditing Professionals

The objective of this study is to find out the influence of Impact of Information Communication Technology competencies and Information Communication Technology Training among auditing professionals. This paper proposes a defined set of survey questionnaires to measure Information Communication Technology (ICT) competency and ICT Training variables. The sample size focuses on junior qualified professional auditors who were selected based on their experience in the field of accounting or auditing. The sample of population consists of individual practicing auditors from small audit firms in Kerala. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling approach (PLS-SEM). Expectedly, ICT competencies among auditing professionals and their ICT training are imperative among junior auditing professionals for auditing in a computer-based environment. The impact of audit efficiencies, ensuring client's fair financial statements, and timeliness of audit tasks were achieved by auditing professionals with ICT competencies and ICT training. This is important not only for junior staff, but also for lead auditors who have the authority to sign audit reports. The value of the research studies lies with a comprehensible examination of findings of various previous studies and enlightened commentaries on ICT enabled audit practice by sole proprietorship practicing audit firms, mainly in rural locations. In addition, such scientific method of understanding the implications of ICT enables auditing which involved in auditing professional policy makers intervention.