scholarly journals Coral reef baselines: how much macroalgae is natural?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Bruno ◽  
William F Precht ◽  
Peter S Vroom ◽  
Richard B. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Macroalgal Biomass ◽  
Effective Conservation

Identifying the baseline or natural state of an ecosystem is a critical step in effective conservation and restoration. Like most marine ecosystems, coral reefs are being degraded by human activities: corals and fish have declined in abundance and seaweeds, or macroalgae, have become more prevalent. The challenge for resource managers is to reverse these trends, but by how much? Based on surveys of Caribbean reefs in the 1970s, most reef scientists believe that the average cover of seaweed was very low in the natural state. On the other hand, evidence from remote Pacific reefs, ecological theory, and impacts of over-harvesting in other systems all suggest that, historically, macroalgal biomass may have been higher than assumed. Uncertainties about the natural state of coral reefs illustrate the difficulty of determining the baseline condition of even well-studied systems.

scholarly journals Coral reef baselines: how much macroalgae is natural?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Bruno ◽  
William F Precht ◽  
Peter S Vroom ◽  
Richard B. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Macroalgal Biomass ◽  
Effective Conservation

Identifying the baseline or natural state of an ecosystem is a critical step in effective conservation and restoration. Like most marine ecosystems, coral reefs are being degraded by human activities: corals and fish have declined in abundance and seaweeds, or macroalgae, have become more prevalent. The challenge for resource managers is to reverse these trends, but by how much? Based on surveys of Caribbean reefs in the 1970s, most reef scientists believe that the average cover of seaweed was very low in the natural state. On the other hand, evidence from remote Pacific reefs, ecological theory, and impacts of over-harvesting in other systems all suggest that, historically, macroalgal biomass may have been higher than assumed. Uncertainties about the natural state of coral reefs illustrate the difficulty of determining the baseline condition of even well-studied systems.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF CORAL TRANSPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY FOR CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM PROBLEMS IN SALAH NAMA ISLAND, BATUBARA REGENCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Ipanna Enggar Susetya ◽  
Desrita ◽  
Zulham Apandy Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Destructive Fishing

Coral reefs are one of the typical ecosystems in coastal areas that have ecological and economicvalue. There are many cases of coral reef damage in Salah Nama Island caused by natural andhuman factors. Coral reefs damage is mostly caused by human activities such as water pollution,destructive fishing and using of ship anchors. Activity of devotion society aims to provideinformation and skills to fishermen groups in Salah Nama Island about coral transplantationtechniques, as well as conducting coral transplantation activities as one of the efforts to preservethe ecosystem of coral reefs. Based on the description of the problems and objectives of devotionsociety, the activities that have been done are counseling to the partner fishermen abouttransplantation and coral benefits in ecosystem, transplantation practice and coral transplantationmonitoring.

scholarly journals A review of the diversity and impact of invasive non-native species in tropical marine ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Alidoost Salimi ◽  
Joel C. Creed ◽  
Melanie M. Esch ◽  
Douglas Fenner ◽  
Zeehan Jaafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The Status

AbstractTropical marine ecosystems are biologically diverse and economically invaluable. However, they are severely threatened from impacts associated with climate change coupled with localized and regional stressors, such as pollution and overfishing. Non-native species (sometimes referred to as ‘alien’ species) are another major threat facing these ecosystems, although rarely discussed and overshadowed by the other stressors mentioned above. NNS can be introduced accidentally (for example via shipping activities) and/or sometimes intentionally (for aquaculture or by hobbyists). Understanding the extent of the impacts NNS have on native flora and fauna often remains challenging, along with ascertaining when the species in question actually became ‘invasive’. Here we review the status of this threat across key tropical marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, algae meadows, mangroves, and seagrass beds. We aim to provide a baseline of where invasive NNS can be found, when they are thought to have been introduced and what impact they are thought to be having on the native ecosystems they now inhabit. In the appended material we provide a comprehensive list of NNS covering key groups such as macroalgae, sponges, seagrasses and mangroves, anthozoans, bryozoans, ascidians, fishes, and crustaceans.

scholarly journals Zooxanthellate, Sclerite-Free, and Pseudopinnuled Octocoral Hadaka nudidomus gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) from Mesophotic Reefs of the Southern Ryukyus Islands

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Yee Lau ◽  
James Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Symbiodinium Clade ◽  
Water Coral

Shallow water coral reefs are the most diverse marine ecosystems, but there is an immense gap in knowledge when it comes to understanding the diversity of the vast majority of marine biota in these ecosystems. This is especially true when it comes to understudied small and cryptic coral reef taxa in understudied ecosystems, such as mesophotic coral reef ecosystems (MCEs). MCEs were reported in Japan almost fifty years ago, although only in recent years has there been an increase in research concerning the diversity of these reefs. In this study we describe the first stoloniferous octocoral from MCEs, Hadaka nudidomus gen. nov. et sp. nov., from Iriomote and Okinawa Islands in the southern Ryukyus Islands. The species is zooxanthellate; both specimens host Cladocopium LaJeunesse & H.J.Jeong, 2018 (formerly Symbiodinium ‘Clade C’) and were collected from depths of ~33 to 40 m. Additionally, H. nudidomus gen. nov. et sp. nov. is both sclerite-free and lacks free pinnules, and both of these characteristics are typically diagnostic for octocorals. The discovery and morphology of H. nudidomus gen. nov. et sp. nov. indicate that we still know very little about stoloniferous octocoral diversity in MCEs, their genetic relationships with shallower reef species, and octocoral–symbiont associations. Continued research on these subjects will improve our understanding of octocoral diversity in both shallow and deeper reefs.

scholarly journals Tourism Impact on Marine Ecosystems in the North of Red Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Lakhouit
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Tourism Impact ◽  
The North ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Northern Red Sea

The unique marine environment of the northern Red Sea region is among the richest and most productive marine ecosystems in the world. The sea is populated with extensive algae blooms and at least five types of coral reefs. However, the region’s tourism sector is largely dependent on the surrounding environment, including the coral reefs, which are highly sensitive to human activities. A large tourist project (Neom) is scheduled to be installed in the northern Red Sea, further increasing tourist activities in the area and leading to human intrusion into crucial but fragile marine habitats such as seagrass beds, coral reefs and mangrove stands. The present study investigates how human activities are currently affecting Red Sea ecosystems. Field visits were done in order to investigate and to study human activities impact on marine ecosystems in the north of Red Sea. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first of its kind to evaluate the impact of tourism on marine ecosystems in Saudi Arabia’s northern Red Sea coast.

scholarly journals Condition of Coral Fish in Tapanuli Tengah Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sasanti Retno Suharti ◽  
Isa Nagib Edrus
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
Coral Fish ◽  
Complex Architecture

Coral reefs is a center for biodiversity in the world with a complex architecture and has an aesthetics value. It also offers beneficial for human being in many aspects such as economics, social and culture. Research was conducted in July 2016 and aim to understand community structure and biomass of coral reef fishes in Tapanuli Tengah waters. Result from all stations in Tapanuli Tengah waters showed that 49 species from seven families of economically reef fish i.e.  Acanthuridae, Serranidae, Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, Lehtrinidae, Siganidae and Scaridae were found. Density average of those seven families was 163 individual/350 m<sup>2</sup> or 4668 individual/ha with biomass average of 1.564 ton/ha. Moreover, biomass from other target fishes from nine families was accounted as 0.56 ton/ha. On the other hand, over all coralifore fish represented by Chaetodontidae was eight species from two genus, namely <em>Chaetodon</em> and <em>Heniochus </em>with four species. The density from family Chaetodotidae varies among station between 3-28 individual/350 m<sup>2</sup>

scholarly journals Why compare marine ecosystems?

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Murawski ◽  
John H. Steele ◽  
Phillip Taylor ◽  
Michael J. Fogarty ◽  
Michael P. Sissenwine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Continental Shelves

Abstract Murawski, S. A., Steele, J. H., Taylor, P., Fogarty, M. J., Sissenwine, M. P., Ford, M., and Suchman, C. 2010. Why compare marine ecosystems? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1–9. Effective marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) requires understanding the key processes and relationships controlling the aspects of biodiversity, productivity, and resilience to perturbations. Unfortunately, the scales, complexity, and non-linear dynamics that characterize marine ecosystems often confound managing for these properties. Nevertheless, scientifically derived decision-support tools (DSTs) are needed to account for impacts resulting from a variety of simultaneous human activities. Three possible methodologies for revealing mechanisms necessary to develop DSTs for EBM are: (i) controlled experimentation, (ii) iterative programmes of observation and modelling (“learning by doing”), and (iii) comparative ecosystem analysis. We have seen that controlled experiments are limited in capturing the complexity necessary to develop models of marine ecosystem dynamics with sufficient realism at appropriate scales. Iterative programmes of observation, model building, and assessment are useful for specific ecosystem issues but rarely lead to generally transferable products. Comparative ecosystem analyses may be the most effective, building on the first two by inferring ecosystem processes based on comparisons and contrasts of ecosystem response to human-induced factors. We propose a hierarchical system of ecosystem comparisons to include within-ecosystem comparisons (utilizing temporal and spatial changes in relation to human activities), within-ecosystem-type comparisons (e.g. coral reefs, temperate continental shelves, upwelling areas), and cross-ecosystem-type comparisons (e.g. coral reefs vs. boreal, terrestrial vs. marine ecosystems). Such a hierarchical comparative approach should lead to better understanding of the processes controlling biodiversity, productivity, and the resilience of marine ecosystems. In turn, better understanding of these processes will lead to the development of increasingly general laws, hypotheses, functional forms, governing equations, and broad interpretations of ecosystem responses to human activities, ultimately improving DSTs in support of EBM.

scholarly journals KESESUAIAN EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG UNTUK KEGIATAN WISATA SELAM DI NUSA LEMBONGAN, BALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Made Ayu Pratiwi ◽  
Ni Made Ernawati ◽  
Ni Putu Putri Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

Nusa Lembongan islands, Bali have a potential of coral reef diversity. Coral reefs have both ecological and high economic potential so that they are widely used. The economic benefits of coral reefs make these ecosystems very vulnerable to pressure from human activities. One of these human activities is the use of coral reefs in diving tourism activities. This research aimed to determine suitability and carrying capacity of coral reef ecosystem on Nusa Lembongan Island so that it can be recommended to manage coral reef ecosystem strategies to support the use of diving tourism. This study was conducted on six dive sites as observation points Observations on coral reef ecosystems were carried out using the intercept transect (LIT) method, and reef fish observation was carried out using the fish visual census method. Water quality sampling will be done in situ. Diving suitability was carried out by estimating the tourist suitability index (IKW) of six parameters, namely the brightness of the waters, coral community cover, coral life form, reef fish species, coral reef depth and current. The tourism suitability index value for the diving tourism category obtained was 74.07% (Jack Mangrove); 57.41% (Crystal Bay); and 61.11% (Manta Bay). The value for each observation point is included in the appropriate category of 50% -75%. It can be interpreted, that all observation points which are dive sites in Nusa Lembongan have supported diving tourism activities.Keywords: Tourism Suitability Index; Diving; Nusa lembongan.

scholarly journals Benthic and Substrate Category Profile of Coral Reef in Labuan Pandan Waters, East Lombok

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Noar Muda Satyawan ◽  
Novita Tri Artiningrum
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Lombok Island

Coral reefs are unique ecosystems and only occur in the tropics area. One of the coral reef distribution in Indonesia is Lombok Island. The coral reefs in Lombok Island under degradation conditions caused by natural and human activities. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the benthic profile and substrate of coral reefs in the Labuhan Pandan waters, Eastern Lombok. Observations were conducted in March 2019 at 5 stations using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. The results showed that in general benthic coral reefs were dominated by Acropora Branching (35.40%) then followed by Soft Coral (20.89%), DCA (14.08%), Coral Foliose (11.07%), Rubble (7.36%) and Halimeda (2.77%). The highest percentage of Acropora Branching were found at KND_01 station (63.33%) followed by PTG_01 (49.13%), PTG_02 (31.18%), BDR_01 (21.73%), and PTG_03 (11.00%). The highest DCA percentage was found at BDR_01 station (29.27%) while Soft Coral was found dominant at PTG_02 (47.67%). Halimeda was only found in PTG_02 (1.87%) and PTG_03 (12.00%). Differences in the composition of benthic and substrate may be caused by differences in water conditions at each station.

scholarly journals Pemantauan Kondisi Ikan Karang Menggunakan Metode Reef Check Di Perairan Selat Sempu Malang Selatan

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi ◽  
Riza Alifia ◽  
Sherla Rizqia Putri ◽  
Firmina Bethrix Dasi ◽  
Bramastrha Artha Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Management System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Research Site ◽  
The Family ◽  
Length Width

Reef Check is an activity to find out the condition of coral reefs and its surrounding ecosystems be then described and categorized its healthiness. The island of Java is one of the Islands in Indonesia that has lots of beaches, especially for East Java, here they have several areas that has become our research site in Sempu Strait, Sendang Biru, South Malang they are called Teluk Semut, Watu Meja, and Waru-waru. Underwater Visual Census (UVC) was used as a method for this research to identify reef fish in a transect of 100 x 5 x 5m scale in (Length, Width, and Height). Results shows several fishes was used to identify yet the family of  Chaetodontidae with mean abundance 8 in Teluk Semut 1 station, 2.25 in Teluk Semut 2 station, 12.5 in Rumah Ikan station, & 13.5 in Watu Meja station. Watu Meja and Fish Apartment station shows higher mean abundance than other station, this indicates coral reefs ecosystem in this station have a better health & condition compare to the other stations. Results for family family Haemulidae, Snapper and Grouper shows low mean abundance, that indicates overfishing on Sempu Strait, South Malang. In other cases, the purposes of Reef Check is to determine the extents of human activities and its impact against the distribution and the healthiness of coral reefs in the area. For further extent, there has been still indications toward its management system yet fisheries potential in certain areas for this research.

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