scholarly journals An index to integrate stress due to anthropogenic pressures along the shoreline and case study of a tourist destination in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Araujo Casares ◽  
Lélis Antonio Carlos-Jr ◽  
Joel Christopher Creed ◽  
Simone Siag Oigman-Pszczol
Keyword(s):  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Shoreline Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

In order to compare stress on marine coastal ecosystems at different sites and over time we developed an Environmental Pressure Index (EPI). The index was composed of twenty-four parameters which could be observed and quantified at each site or from maps. The parameters metrics were taken in water, on shore or from the catchment and were grouped into eight ecosystem degrading stressors: Urban development, shoreline development, presence of sewage outfalls, presence of human debris, constructions on the shore, nautical gas stations, fishing pressure, recreational activities and nautical and shipping activities. The parameters were standardized to a maximum and had different weighting established from the literature, giving an EPI which varies from 0 to 1. We applied the Index to the tropical rocky shores and marginal reef ecosystem of the Armação dos Búzios, a tourist destination situated on a peninsula in Southeastern Brazil. The region has experienced rapid urbanization since the 1950s. Data were obtained for 11 sites and the Index was calculated for 2000/2001 and compared to data generated in 2016/2017. In 2000/2001 EPI varied from 0.01-0.47 and in 2016/2017 from 0.04-0.55 and although some sites worsened others improved and no significant difference in EPI was found over time for the region.

scholarly journals An index to integrate stress due to anthropogenic pressures along the shoreline and case study of a tourist destination in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Araujo Casares ◽  
Lélis Antonio Carlos-Jr ◽  
Joel Christopher Creed ◽  
Simone Siag Oigman-Pszczol
Keyword(s):  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Shoreline Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

In order to compare stress on marine coastal ecosystems at different sites and over time we developed an Environmental Pressure Index (EPI). The index was composed of twenty-four parameters which could be observed and quantified at each site or from maps. The parameters metrics were taken in water, on shore or from the catchment and were grouped into eight ecosystem degrading stressors: Urban development, shoreline development, presence of sewage outfalls, presence of human debris, constructions on the shore, nautical gas stations, fishing pressure, recreational activities and nautical and shipping activities. The parameters were standardized to a maximum and had different weighting established from the literature, giving an EPI which varies from 0 to 1. We applied the Index to the tropical rocky shores and marginal reef ecosystem of the Armação dos Búzios, a tourist destination situated on a peninsula in Southeastern Brazil. The region has experienced rapid urbanization since the 1950s. Data were obtained for 11 sites and the Index was calculated for 2000/2001 and compared to data generated in 2016/2017. In 2000/2001 EPI varied from 0.01-0.47 and in 2016/2017 from 0.04-0.55 and although some sites worsened others improved and no significant difference in EPI was found over time for the region.

scholarly journals Massive decline of Cystoseira abies-marina forests in Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Valdazo ◽  
M. Ascensión Viera-Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Espino ◽  
Ricardo Haroun ◽  
Fernando Tuya
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Gran Canaria ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Entire Island ◽  
Over Time

Brown macroalgae within the genus Cystoseira are some of the most relevant “ecosystem-engineers” found throughout the Mediterranean and the adjacent Atlantic coasts. Cystoseira-dominated assemblages are sensitive to anthropogenic pressures, and historical declines have been reported from some regions. In particular, Cystoseira abies-marina, thriving on shallow rocky shores, is a key species for the ecosystems of the Canary Islands. In this work, we analyse changes in the distribution and extension of C. abies-marina in the last decades on the island of Gran Canaria. This alga dominated the shallow rocky shores of the entire island in the 1980s; a continuous belt extended along 120.5 km of the coastline and occupied 928 ha. In the first decade of the 21st century, fragmented populations were found along 52.2 km of the coastline and occupied 12.6 ha. Today, this species is found along 37.8 km of the coastline and occupies only 7.4 ha, mainly as scattered patches. This regression has been drastic around the whole island, even in areas with low anthropogenic pressure; the magnitude of the decline over time and the intensity of local human impacts have not shown a significant correlation. This study highlights a real need to implement conservation and restoration policies for C. abies-marina in this region.

scholarly journals Health assessment of a marginal reef site in Southeastern Brazil: integrating ecological indicators and anthropogenic pressures to guide management decisions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Casares ◽  
Lélis Carlos Junior ◽  
Joel Christopher Creed ◽  
Simone Siag Oigman-Pszczol
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Pressure Index ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Marginal Reef

Coastal marine ecosystems provide important services yet have been under increased local and global anthropogenic pressures worldwide. Hence, health assessment studies are necessary to guide management actions ensuring biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem services. We applied a protocol previously developed by our group for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to assess the health of a marginal reef ecosystem at Armação dos Búzios, Southeastern Brazil - a touristic destination that has experienced a rapid urbanization since the last decades. The protocol evaluates temporal trends in Ecological Indicators (diversity, singularity and species substitution) and an Environmental Pressure Index. Quantitative benthic and pressure data obtained for 11 sites in 2000/2001 were used as the baseline and compared to data generated in 2016/2017. Most sites showed a decreased singularity and increased diversity over time. This suggests sites are becoming more homogenous in terms of species composition. Despite some variability among sites, the Environmental Pressure Index exhibited almost the same pattern as ten years ago with the same sites ranked as the least and the most subjected to anthropogenic pressures. Differences among sites were mainly driven by urban development. This study represents an important tool for the ecosystem management of the area.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Selecting Tourist Destinations Abroad: A Case Study of Antalya and Dubai Cities

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Izadi ◽  
Hamid Saberi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Recreation ◽  
Development And Differentiation

Planning for the development of tourism requires development and attention to needs, characteristics and demands of the market as the factors demanding tourism. In this regard, paying attention to tourists’ views, opinions, and motivations for travelling to a destination is of great importance as a necessity of marketing and tourism development planningas well as the basis for designing infrastructures related to tourism. Thus, many countries in a very close and intense competition are looking for increasing their benefits and revenues from this international activity. Several reasons are effective in the development and differentiation of tourist destinations or leaving former famous destinations by tourists and make one city more successful than others. This study aimed at identifying factors effective in selecting tourist destinations of Antalya and Dubai cities. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The statistical population was all the people who were traveling to tourist destination cities of Antalya and Dubai in the spring of 2014. The results show that there is no significant difference between Iranians’ motivation to travel to tourist destinations of Antalya and Dubai and the most important motivation and purpose of the passengers travelling to both destination of Antalya and Dubai were relaxation and recreation (using beautiful beaches and water recreation). In addition, the prominent role of costs and variety of attractions can be highlighted in selecting tourist destinations.

Risk Perception and Tourist Types

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-43
Author(s):  
Deepti Jog ◽  
Nandakumar Mekoth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Reducing ◽  
Over Time

Over time, tourism has become an industry that has a visible impact on the overall development of the society. This study examines the impact of perceived risks on different types of tourists classified on the basis of travel motives and would help develop a variety of risk-reducing phenomena and paraphernalia to supply to the traveller. Based on a survey conducted among tourists visiting a tourist destination, the study explores the differences in risk perception among different tourist types. The study uses a self-designed scale on type of risks against the ITR scale that classifies travellers into three types based on their travel motives. Findings supported two types of tourist classification against the three types in the existing ITR scale. Findings further revealed that there is a significant difference in the risk perception of the two types of tourists based on their travel motives in case of satisfaction risk, exhaustion risk and psychological risk.

scholarly journals Health assessment of a marginal reef site in Southeastern Brazil: integrating ecological indicators and anthropogenic pressures to guide management decisions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Casares ◽  
Lélis Carlos Junior ◽  
Joel Christopher Creed ◽  
Simone Siag Oigman-Pszczol
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Pressure Index ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Marginal Reef

Coastal marine ecosystems provide important services yet have been under increased local and global anthropogenic pressures worldwide. Hence, health assessment studies are necessary to guide management actions ensuring biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem services. We applied a protocol previously developed by our group for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to assess the health of a marginal reef ecosystem at Armação dos Búzios, Southeastern Brazil - a touristic destination that has experienced a rapid urbanization since the last decades. The protocol evaluates temporal trends in Ecological Indicators (diversity, singularity and species substitution) and an Environmental Pressure Index. Quantitative benthic and pressure data obtained for 11 sites in 2000/2001 were used as the baseline and compared to data generated in 2016/2017. Most sites showed a decreased singularity and increased diversity over time. This suggests sites are becoming more homogenous in terms of species composition. Despite some variability among sites, the Environmental Pressure Index exhibited almost the same pattern as ten years ago with the same sites ranked as the least and the most subjected to anthropogenic pressures. Differences among sites were mainly driven by urban development. This study represents an important tool for the ecosystem management of the area.

Environment and atmosphere of night tourism based on the local wisdom: A case study of Berastagi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selly Veronica ◽  
Nurlisa Ginting ◽  
AmyMarisa
Keyword(s):  
Field Observation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Descriptive Method

Night tourism development comes up as an innovative strategy for tourism development in this current intense competition. There are four main elements in night tourism, namely economic, social, environmental, and night atmosphere. Berastagi is the most popular tourist destination in Karo Regency, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, which already have night tourism destination but unfortunately undeveloped yet. Night tourism development in Berastagi must be with the local wisdom approach to maximize its benefit. Karonese as the majority ethnic of the local community in this area potential to be developed on its night tourism. This paper only analyzes the environmental and night atmosphere aspects in Berastagi’s night tourism, which based on local wisdom. Qualitative primary data from field observation and depth interview results have been analyzed by using the descriptive method. The study shows that involving local wisdom in developing the environment and night atmosphere can give the typical identity for the night tourism in Berastagi.Night Tourism

When Culturally Significant Songs are Decontextualised: The Initiation Song Somagwaza, A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dowling ◽  
Somikazi Deyi ◽  
Anele Gobodwana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Ritual Music ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Small Focus ◽  
Over Time

While there have been a number of studies on the decontextualisation and secularisation of traditional ritual music in America, Taiwan and other parts of the globe, very little has been written on the processes and transformations that South Africa’s indigenous ceremonial songs go through over time. This study was prompted by the authors’ interest in, and engagement with the Xhosa initiation song Somagwaza, which has been re-imagined as a popular song, but has also purportedly found its way into other religious spaces. In this article, we attempted to investigate the extent to which the song Somagwaza is still associated with the Xhosa initiation ritual and to analyse evidence of it being decontextualised and secularised in contemporary South Africa. Our methodology included an examination of the various academic treatments of the song, an analysis of the lyrics of a popular song, bearing the same name, holding small focus group discussions, and distributing questionnaires to speakers of isiXhosa on the topic of the song. The data gathered were analysed using the constant comparative method of analysing qualitative research.

Thinning in mature eastern white pine: 43-year case study

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D Anderson ◽  
John C Zasada ◽  
Glen W Erickson ◽  
Zigmond A Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Over Time

A white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stand at the western margin of the species range, approximately 125 years of age at present, was thinned in 1953 from 33.5 m2 ha-1 to target residual basal areas of 18.4, 23.0, 27.5, and 32.1 m2 ha-1 . Repeated measurement over the following 43-years indicated that the greatest total volume production and the greatest number of large diameter trees occurred in the unit of highest residual density. Over time, the distribution of stems was predominantly random although mortality between 1979 and 1996 resulted in a tendency for clumping in the 23.0 and 27.5 m2 ha-1 treatments. DNA analysis indicated that thinning intensity had little effect on the genetic diversity of residual white pine. This study suggests that mature white pine stands in northern Minnesota may be managed at relatively high densities without loss of productivity. However, regardless of overstory density, there was little or no white pine regeneration occurring in this stand. Key words: thinning, growth, genetic diversity, molecular markers, spatial pattern, regeneration

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