scholarly journals Methodological considerations in assessment of language lateralisation with fMRI: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Bradshaw ◽  
Dorothy V. M. Bishop ◽  
Zoe V. J. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Laterality

The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of assessing heterogeneity of language laterality across multiple regions of interest and tasks.

scholarly journals Methodological considerations in assessment of language lateralisation with fMRI: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Bradshaw ◽  
Dorothy V. M. Bishop ◽  
Zoe V. J. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Laterality

The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of assessing heterogeneity of language laterality across multiple regions of interest and tasks.

scholarly journals Methodological considerations in assessment of language lateralisation with fMRI: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Bradshaw ◽  
Zoe V. J. Woodhead ◽  
Dorothy V. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Laterality

The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of assessing heterogeneity of language laterality across multiple regions of interest and tasks.

scholarly journals Methodological considerations in assessment of language lateralisation with fMRI: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Bradshaw ◽  
Dorothy V.M. Bishop ◽  
Zoe V.J. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Laterality

The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of assessing heterogeneity of language laterality across multiple regions of interest and tasks. This systematic review was registered as a protocol on Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/hyvc4/.

Discrepant findings for Wada test and functional magnetic resonance imaging with regard to language function: use of electrocortical stimulation mapping to confirm results

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan H. Kho ◽  
Frans S. S. Leijten ◽  
Geert-Jan Rutten ◽  
Jan Vermeulen ◽  
Peter van Rijen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Wada Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
The Right

✓ The Wada test is still considered the gold standard for determining the language-dominant hemisphere prior to brain surgery. The authors report on a 34-year-old right-handed woman whose Wada test results indicated that the right hemisphere was dominant for language. In contrast, functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging was indicative of bilaterally represented language functions. Activation in the left hemisphere demonstrated on fMR imaging was most pronounced in the Broca area. Importantly, fMR imaging results in this area were confirmed on electrocortical stimulation mapping. These contradictory findings indicated that a right hemispherre dominance for language according to the Wada test should be questioned and verified using electrocortical stimulation. Nonetheless, the question remains whether involvement of these areas in the left frontal hemisphere is critical for language, as these were spared during surgery.

scholarly journals Liver Fibrosis: Causes and Methods of Assessment, A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Erfani Karimzadeh Toosi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasive Method

AbstractHepatic fibrogenesis is the final result of injury to the liver. Fibrosis could lead to hepatic dysfunction, important in the pathogenesis of other chronic problems. Therefore, understanding the mechanism, accurate diagnosis and staging of it in early stages accelerates the treatment and reduces the prevalence of chirrosis. Treatment strategies of liver problems and detction methods depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis and the rate of cirrhosis development. Traditionally the invasive method, liver biopsy, is reference standard to follow progression and stage of fibrosis. However, during the past decade, progressive development of novel non-invasive methodologies has challenged the invasive method. Non-invasive methods have been initially introduced for chronic hepatitis C with increasing use in other chronic liver diseases. The need for liver biopsy has nowadays decreased significantly as a result of these methodologies. Most of the new non-invasive methods depend on either ‘biological’ or ‘physical’ approaches.In this review, starting from the mechanism of fibrogenesis, the current knowledge about diagnosis, treatment strategies and different methods for its evaluation is discussed. This is followed by a conclusion on what is expected to be known in this field during the future research.

scholarly journals Role of Tc-99m RBC Scintigraphy in Specific Diagnosis of Giant Hepatic Hemangioma: a Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Rahima Perveen ◽  
Shamim MF Begum ◽  
Nasreen Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Hepatic Hemangioma ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Asymptomatic Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
Giant Hepatic Hemangioma

Hemangioma is one of the most common benign liver tumors. They are mostly asymptomatic. Differentiating hemangiomas from malignant tumoral lesions and metastases by a non invasive method is very important. We report a asymptomatic case with incidental finding of a large massive hemangioma occupying almost whole of the right lobe of liver and emphasized its detection by Tc-99m red blood cell (RBC) three phase imaging and localization of the tumor.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 153-155, July 2014

scholarly journals Glucose detection of ringer-lactate solution using electrical bioimpedance: preliminary results

2021 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
B G Pedro ◽  
P Bertemes-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relaxation Coefficient ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
The Right

Abstract Continuous glucose monitoring is essential to reduce the damages caused by diabetes and for choosing the right treatment approach. In most cases, non-invasive glucose measurement devices generate their results through statistical tools (e.g., artificial neural networks) with an error that increases the further away from the training sample the measurement is. An analytical model would contain only propagated errors. Impedance measurements of lactate ringer’s solutions with egg albumin containing different concentrations of sugar were performed to validate the model proposed for measuring glycemia in human blood using the electrical bioimpedance meter AD5933. The curve fitting showed errors lower than 1.5%. Chemical phenomena, such as reduced sugar, fructosamine and solvation, might explain the behaviors observed in the experiments. The results suggest that the relaxation coefficient has significant changes with the increase of sugar in the solutions. The findings encourage future research with bovine blood for a more realistic analytical model.

scholarly journals Infrared Thermography—A Non-Invasive Method of Measuring Respiration Rate in Calves

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Lowe ◽  
Mhairi Sutherland ◽  
Joe Waas ◽  
Allan Schaefer ◽  
Neil Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Cattle Health

Respiration rate (RR) is a common measure of cattle health and welfare. Traditionally, measuring RR involves counting flank movements as the animal inhales and exhales with each breath. This method is often considered difficult, labour-intensive and impractical. We validated the use of infrared thermography (IRT) as an alternative method of non-invasively measuring RR in young calves. RR was simultaneously recorded in two ways: (1) by observing flank movements from video recordings; and (2) by observing thermal fluctuations around the nostrils during inhalations and exhalations from infrared recordings. For each method, the time taken to complete five consecutive breaths (a breath being a complete inhalation/exhalation cycle) was recorded and used to calculate RR (breaths/min). From a group of five calves, a total of 12 video recordings and 12 infrared recordings were collected. For each procedure, 47 sets of five consecutive breaths were assessed. The RRs measured from video recordings of flank movements and thermal fluctuations around the nostrils from infrared recordings were highly correlated (R2 = 0.93). Validated as a suitable method for recording RR, future research can now focus on the development of algorithms to automate the use of IRT to support its integration into existing automated systems to remotely monitor calf health and welfare.

A review of EEG and ERP studies in bipolar disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Racheal Degabriele ◽  
Jim Lagopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Objective:The electroencephalogram (EEG) can be a useful tool in determining differences in general neural activity and specific waveforms in individuals with a number of psychiatric disorders. This paper aims to outline and discuss significant findings in EEG and event-related potential (ERP) research into bipolar disorder (BD).Methods:A literature review was performed through searches of MedLine, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo medical research databases for papers published from 1985 onwards. References of selected articles were also examined for other relevant studies.Results:Differences in general EEG data were found in subjects with BD, namely increased theta and delta and decreased alpha wave bands. Changes in EEG were also found in euthymic BD subjects and those undergoing medication programmes. ERP studies commonly report prolonged latencies and reduced amplitudes in the P300 component. Hyperfunctioning of the right hemisphere in BD was also reported in some studies, although further confirmation of this finding is required. Finally, the effects of medication and the role that genetics plays in EEG still remain unclear.Conclusions:The literature reviewed demonstrates supporting evidence for the presence of significant differences in EEG and ERP data in subjects with BD. However, methodological considerations such as varying mood states and medication status of the patients need to be followed more stringently for future research to bring about a robust model of the cognitive deficits of BD.

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