scholarly journals Infrared Thermography—A Non-Invasive Method of Measuring Respiration Rate in Calves

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Lowe ◽  
Mhairi Sutherland ◽  
Joe Waas ◽  
Allan Schaefer ◽  
Neil Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Cattle Health

Respiration rate (RR) is a common measure of cattle health and welfare. Traditionally, measuring RR involves counting flank movements as the animal inhales and exhales with each breath. This method is often considered difficult, labour-intensive and impractical. We validated the use of infrared thermography (IRT) as an alternative method of non-invasively measuring RR in young calves. RR was simultaneously recorded in two ways: (1) by observing flank movements from video recordings; and (2) by observing thermal fluctuations around the nostrils during inhalations and exhalations from infrared recordings. For each method, the time taken to complete five consecutive breaths (a breath being a complete inhalation/exhalation cycle) was recorded and used to calculate RR (breaths/min). From a group of five calves, a total of 12 video recordings and 12 infrared recordings were collected. For each procedure, 47 sets of five consecutive breaths were assessed. The RRs measured from video recordings of flank movements and thermal fluctuations around the nostrils from infrared recordings were highly correlated (R2 = 0.93). Validated as a suitable method for recording RR, future research can now focus on the development of algorithms to automate the use of IRT to support its integration into existing automated systems to remotely monitor calf health and welfare.

Discovery of a novel linc01125 isoform in serum exosomes as a promising biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and survival assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Xian ◽  
Yuyuan Zeng ◽  
Shizhen Chen ◽  
Liming Lu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Serum Exosomes

Abstract A non-invasive method to distinguish potential lung cancer patients would improve lung cancer prevention. We employed the RNA-Seq analysis to profile serum exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and pneumonia controls, and then determined the diagnostic and prognostic value of a promising lncRNA in four datasets. We identified 90 dysregulated lncRNAs for NSCLC and found the most significant lncRNA was a novel isoform of linc01125. Serum exosomal linc01125 could distinguish NSCLC cases from disease-free and tuberculosis controls, with the area under the curve (AUC) values as 0.662 (95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.614-0.711) and 0.624 (95%CI= 0.522–0.725), respectively. High expression of exosomal linc01125 was also correlated with an unfavorable overall survival of NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.01–2.49). Clinic treatment decreased serum exosomal linc01125 in NSCLC patients (P = 0.036). Linc01125 functions to inhibit cancer growth and metastasis via acting as a competing endogenous RNA to up-regulate TNFAIP3 expression by sponging miR-19b-3p. Notably, the oncogenic transformation of 16HBE leads to decreased linc01125 in cells but increased linc01125 in cell-derived exosomes. The expression of linc01125 in total exosomes was highly correlated with that in tumor-associated exosomes in serum. Moreover, lung cancer cells were capable of releasing linc01125 into exosomes in vitro and in vivo. Our analyses suggest serum exosomal linc01125 as a promising biomarker for non-invasively diagnosing NSCLC and predicting the prognosis of NSCLC.

scholarly journals The use of infrared thermography as a non-invasive method for fever detection in sheep infected with bluetongue virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Pérez de Diego ◽  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón ◽  
Miriam Pedrera ◽  
Beatriz Martínez-López ◽  
José C. Gómez-Villamandos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Use of ultrasonography to estimate cistern size and milk storage at different milking intervals in the udder of dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Ayadi ◽  
Gerardo Caja ◽  
Xavier Such ◽  
Christopher H Knight
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Milk Storage ◽  
Transducer Probe ◽  
Storage Characteristics

Four lactating Holstein cows (average milk yield: 20±3 l/d) were used to develop and validate a method for estimating the size of udder cisterns (Sinus lactiferi) using ultrasonography. A sectorial transducer probe of 5 MHz, placed in contact with the teat in a parallel cranial position, was used to obtain vertical scans of the udder in two perpendicular planes with the teat canal axis as reference. Udder scans for each udder quarter were taken randomly at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h after milking. Glandular parenchyma (echogenic) and lumen of the cisterns full of milk (anechogenic) were evident in the scans, the calculated area of the anechogenic portion being defined as cistern area. Cistern areas measured in perpendicular scans were highly correlated. Immediately after each measurement, cisternal milk was removed from each quarter using a teat cannula after i.v. injection of an oxytocin-receptor blocking agent. Alveolar milk from each quarter was then obtained by machine milking after i.m. injection of oxytocin. Cistern area and cisternal milk volume increased with length of milking interval showing a curvilinear pattern with a plateau after 16 h. Correlations between cistern area and cisternal milk volume were positive and significant (P<0·001) at all intervals but showed the highest values with the smallest residual standard deviations at 8 h (r=0·88) and 12 h (r=0·84). Since 8 h has previously been identified as a suitable time at which to determine cisternal milk volume for the purposes of defining suitability for different milking strategies, we conclude that ultrasonography provides a satisfactory, non-invasive method for determination of milk storage characteristics in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Liver Fibrosis: Causes and Methods of Assessment, A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Erfani Karimzadeh Toosi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasive Method

AbstractHepatic fibrogenesis is the final result of injury to the liver. Fibrosis could lead to hepatic dysfunction, important in the pathogenesis of other chronic problems. Therefore, understanding the mechanism, accurate diagnosis and staging of it in early stages accelerates the treatment and reduces the prevalence of chirrosis. Treatment strategies of liver problems and detction methods depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis and the rate of cirrhosis development. Traditionally the invasive method, liver biopsy, is reference standard to follow progression and stage of fibrosis. However, during the past decade, progressive development of novel non-invasive methodologies has challenged the invasive method. Non-invasive methods have been initially introduced for chronic hepatitis C with increasing use in other chronic liver diseases. The need for liver biopsy has nowadays decreased significantly as a result of these methodologies. Most of the new non-invasive methods depend on either ‘biological’ or ‘physical’ approaches.In this review, starting from the mechanism of fibrogenesis, the current knowledge about diagnosis, treatment strategies and different methods for its evaluation is discussed. This is followed by a conclusion on what is expected to be known in this field during the future research.

scholarly journals Methodological considerations in assessment of language lateralisation with fMRI: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Bradshaw ◽  
Dorothy V. M. Bishop ◽  
Zoe V. J. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Laterality

The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of assessing heterogeneity of language laterality across multiple regions of interest and tasks.

scholarly journals Methodological considerations in assessment of language lateralisation with fMRI: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Bradshaw ◽  
Dorothy V. M. Bishop ◽  
Zoe V. J. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Laterality

The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of assessing heterogeneity of language laterality across multiple regions of interest and tasks.

scholarly journals Breathing Pattern Analysis in Cattle Using Infrared Thermography and Computer Vision

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Sueun Kim ◽  
Yuichi Hidaka
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Averaging Method ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
Highly Correlated

Breathing patterns can be considered a vital sign providing health information. Infrared thermography is used to evaluate breathing patterns because it is non-invasive. Our study used not only sequence temperature data but also RGB images to gain breathing patterns in cattle. Mask R-CNN was used to detect the ROI (region of interest, nose) in the cattle RGB images. Mask segmentation from the ROI detection was applied to the corresponding temperature data. Finally, to visualize the breathing pattern, we calculated the temperature values in the ROI by averaging all temperature values in the ROI. The results in this study show 76% accuracy with Mask R-CNN in detecting cattle noses. With respect to the temperature calculation methods, the averaging method showed the most appropriate breathing pattern compared to other methods (maximum temperature in the ROI and integrating all temperature values in the ROI). Finally, we compared the breathing pattern from the averaging method and that from the thermal image observation and found them to be highly correlated (R2 = 0.91). This method is not labor-intensive, can handle big data, and is accurate. In addition, we expect that the characteristics of the method might enable the analysis of temperature data from various angles.

scholarly journals Infrared thermography evaluation from the back region of healthy horses in controlled temperature room

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1274-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pavelski ◽  
Mardjory da Silva Basten ◽  
Eduarda Busato ◽  
Peterson Triches Dornbusch
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Ideal

The infrared thermography is a diagnostic imaging tool, which measures the surface temperature of an object through its heat emission. It is a non-invasive method, painless, with no involvement of radiation. Horses have elevated incidence of back injuries which causes decrease in their performance. A rapid and accurate diagnostic is essential to start the treatment. The aim of this paper was to establish the ideal time to the animal stay e inside a controlled room to balance their temperature and in the second time verify the thermographic temperature of specific back regions. It was studied fifteen healthy horses, being performed thermography of thoracic, lumbar and pelvic regions in four different times. There was a significant difference between the thermography performed outside and inside of the controlled temperature room. It was concluded that the ideal time to the horse stay into the controlled temperature room was thirty minutes and the mean thermographic temperatures of back regions, were obtained and can be used as parameters to identify injuries in other horses.

Coordination of sniffing and whisking depends on the mode of interaction with the environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Fonio ◽  
Goren Gordon ◽  
Noy Barak ◽  
Yonatan Winetraub ◽  
Tess Baker Oram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Multiple Level ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Free Exploration ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Locomotion Speed

Smell and touch convey most of the information that nocturnal rodents collect in their natural environments, each via its own complex network of muscles, receptors and neurons. Being active senses, a critical factor determining the integration of their sensations relates to the degree of their coordination. While it has been known for nearly 50 years that sniffing and whisking can be coordinated, the dynamics of such coordination and its dependency on behavioral and environmental conditions are not yet understood. Here we introduce a novel non-invasive method to track sniffing along with whisking and locomotion using high-resolution video recordings of mice, during free exploration of an open arena. Active sensing parameters in each modality showed significant dependency on exploratory modes (“Outbound”, “Exploration” and “Inbound”) and locomotion speed. Surprisingly, the correlation between sniffing and whisking was often as high as the bilateral inter-whisker correlation. Both inter-whisker and inter-modal coordination switched between distinct high-correlation and low-correlation states. The fraction of time with high-correlation states was higher in the Outbound and Exploration modes compared with the Inbound mode. Overall, these data indicate that sniffing–whisking coordination is a complex dynamic process, likely to be controlled by multiple-level inter-modal coordinated loops of motor-sensory networks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document