scholarly journals Chemical properties and fertility analysis of dredger-fill silt during soil formation: The tianjin dredge–fill project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Gu ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Guogang Zhang ◽  
Meiqing Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dredger Fill ◽  
Fertility Analysis

Dredger-fill silt has been used in the port of Tianjin, China to reclaim land; however, the dredger-fill silt has no soil ecological function. Translating the silt into soil rapidly and accelerating the soil-forming process are key to solving the ecological problems of the Dredge–Fill project. This study measured 15 chemical properties of the dredger-fill silt for 8 years of the soil forming process to explore fertility changes and the critical factors affecting soil formation. The results showed that: (1) the salinity of silt changed from severe to mild with a reduction in Na+ and Cl- concentration. Other ion concentrations changed slightly. (2) Effective nutrients significantly decreased during soil formation. Soil organic matter (SOM)，the nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus (A-P) and available potassium (A-K) decreased by 26.22%, 86.23%, 45.92%, 33.61% respectively, indicating severe nutrients loss. (3) Principal component analysis showed that silt fertility decreased significantly and the total soil fertility loss was severe. This study has significance for the artificial improvement of silt.

scholarly journals Chemical properties and fertility analysis of dredger-fill silt during soil formation: The tianjin dredge–fill project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Sui ◽  
Huijun Gu ◽  
Guogang Zhang ◽  
Meiqing Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dredger Fill ◽  
Fertility Analysis

Dredger-fill silt has been used in the port of Tianjin, China to reclaim land; however, the dredger-fill silt has no soil ecological function. Translating the silt into soil rapidly and accelerating the soil-forming process are key to solving the ecological problems of the Dredge–Fill project. This study measured 15 chemical properties of the dredger-fill silt for 8 years of the soil forming process to explore fertility changes and the critical factors affecting soil formation. The results showed that: (1) the salinity of silt changed from severe to mild with a reduction in Na+ and Cl- concentration. Other ion concentrations changed slightly. (2) Effective nutrients significantly decreased during soil formation. Soil organic matter (SOM)，the nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus (A-P) and available potassium (A-K) decreased by 26.22%, 86.23%, 45.92%, 33.61% respectively, indicating severe nutrients loss. (3) Principal component analysis showed that silt fertility decreased significantly and the total soil fertility loss was severe. This study has significance for the artificial improvement of silt.

scholarly journals Chemical properties and fertility analysis of dredger-fill silt during soil formation: The tianjin dredge–fill project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Gu ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Guogang Zhang ◽  
Meiqing Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dredger Fill ◽  
Fertility Analysis

Dredger-fill silt has been used in the port of Tianjin, China to reclaim land; however, the dredger-fill silt has no soil ecological function. Translating the silt into soil rapidly and accelerating the soil-forming process are key to solving the ecological problems of the Dredge–Fill project. This study measured 15 chemical properties of the dredger-fill silt for 8 years of the soil forming process to explore fertility changes and the critical factors affecting soil formation. The results showed that: (1) the salinity of silt changed from severe to mild with a reduction in Na+ and Cl- concentration. Other ion concentrations changed slightly. (2) Effective nutrients significantly decreased during soil formation. Soil organic matter (SOM)，the nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus (A-P) and available potassium (A-K) decreased by 26.22%, 86.23%, 45.92%, 33.61% respectively, indicating severe nutrients loss. (3) Principal component analysis showed that silt fertility decreased significantly and the total soil fertility loss was severe. This study has significance for the artificial improvement of silt.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in the southern Amazonas region

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Barros Nascimento ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Bruno Campos Mantovanelli ◽  
Luís Antônio Coutrim dos Santos ◽  
José Mauricio Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The Amazon region has a great diversity of landscapes such as forests galleries, natural fields (“Cerrados Amazônicos”), dense forest, these environments made possible the formation of a broad class of soils over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in southern Amazonas, Brazil. Three areas of representative physiographies were selected, all of them in natural conditions: natural field / forest and floodplain / dry land transitions, and corrugated relief areas. Soil samples were collected in layers of 0.0 to 0.20 and 0.80-1.0 m. From the samples collected the following physical analyzes were performed: particle size, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity; and chemical: exchangeable calcium, magnesium, aluminum and potassium available, phosphorus, potential acidity, pH and organic carbon. Based on the results of chemical analysis were calculated the sum of bases and base saturation. The results were submitted to multivariate statistics analysis, at the discretion of the principal component analysis (PCA). From the results it is clear that different physiographic environments studied influence the formation of different soil classes, featuring the diversity of Amazonian soils. The PCA allowed the distinction and formation of different similarity groups, thus enabling to relate the physical and chemical properties with the physiographic formation in which they are inserted.

scholarly journals Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: impact of soil factors on their distribution

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Hallouti ◽  
Mohamed Ait Hamza ◽  
Abdelaziz Zahidi ◽  
Rachid Ait Hammou ◽  
Rachid Bouharroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background Studying the ecology of biocontrol-agents is a prerequisite to effectively control medfly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) with entomopathogenic fungi. In this context, factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of medfly-associated entomopathogenic-fungi were studied. Soil samples (22) were collected from natural and cultivated areas of Souss-region Morocco. Results A total of 260 fungal isolates belonging to 22 species and 10 genera were obtained by using medfly pupae as bait. Medfly-associated fungi were detected in all studied soils and pupae infection percentages ranged from 3.33% to 48%. Two genera, Fusarium and Beauveria were the most frequent with 83 isolates (32%) and 50 isolates (19.23%) respectively. Pathogenicity test of isolated species against medfly pupae showed high mortality rates up to 91% for some strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a strong influence of origin, physical, and chemical properties of soil on the abundance of these fungi. In general, medfly-associated fungi were more abundant in soils with moderate pH (7.5 to 8) having high sand and organic content. High relative humidity negatively influenced the abundance of these fungi. Both factors directly affected the fungal infection percentages in pupae. The response of fungi to these parameters varied among species. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the soils of argan fields and forests were more suitable for the development of medfly-associated fungi than citrus orchards. Conclusions These results guide identifying suitable soils for the effective application of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. In summary, isolated indigenous strains seem to be a promising option to control C. capitata.

scholarly journals Effects of Continuous Cropping of Dictyophora on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Long Tong ◽  
◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The continuous obstacle of Dictyophora indusiata has become the one of the main factors affecting the healthy development of D. indusiata industry. In order to study the effects of continuous cropping of D. indusiata on the soil environment, four treatments were used in this study: no planted (CK), planted for 1 years (1Y), continuous cropping for 2 years (2Y) and continuous cropping for 3 years (3Y), to determined of the yield of D. indusiata, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial content and enzyme activity. The results showed that the yield and soil pH value decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, C/N and C/P also increased with the increase of continuous cropping years. Soil availability decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years, the content of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium decreased by 12.25%, 28.91% and 24.86% at 3Y compared with 1Y, respectively. The biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi and the total amount of microorganism in soil increased at 1Y compared with CK, but with the increase of continuous cropping years, the biomass of bacteria and actinomycetes and the total amount of microorganism decreased significantly, while the biomass of fungi increased significantly; the continuous cropping of D. indusiata also decreased the value of bacteria/fungi in soil. The enzyme activities of the soil were higher than those of the unplanted plots, however, the activities of urease, catalase, peroxidase, sucrase, phosphatase and protease decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years. In a word, with the increase of continuous cropping, the acidity of rhizosphere soil increased, the availability of soil nutrients and the activity of soil enzymes decreased, the biomass of soil microorganisms, bacteria and actinomycetes decreased. However, the increase of fungal biomass led to the decline of soil texture.

scholarly journals Characterization of soil chemical properties of strawberry fields using principal component analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia Oliveira Islabão ◽  
Marília Alves Brito Pinto ◽  
Lisiane Priscila Roldão Selau ◽  
Ledemar Carlos Vahl ◽  
Luís Carlos Timm
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Very High

One of the largest strawberry-producing municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is Turuçu, in the South of the State. The strawberry production system adopted by farmers is similar to that used in other regions in Brazil and in the world. The main difference is related to the soil management, which can change the soil chemical properties during the strawberry cycle. This study had the objective of assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of soil fertility parameters using principal component analysis (PCA). Soil sampling was based on topography, dividing the field in three thirds: upper, middle and lower. From each of these thirds, five soil samples were randomly collected in the 0-0.20 m layer, to form a composite sample for each third. Four samples were taken during the strawberry cycle and the following properties were determined: soil organic matter (OM), soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), soil pH (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7.0, soil base (V%) and soil aluminum saturation(m%). No spatial variation was observed for any of the studied soil fertility parameters in the strawberry fields and temporal variation was only detected for available K. Phosphorus and K contents were always high or very high from the beginning of the strawberry cycle, while pH values ranged from very low to very high. Principal component analysis allowed the clustering of all strawberry fields based on variables related to soil acidity and organic matter content.

Genesis of soils across a late Quaternary volcanic landscape in the humid tropical island of Leyte, Philippines

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Navarrete ◽  
Kiyoshi Tsutsuki ◽  
Renzo Kondo ◽  
Victor B. Asio
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Genesis Of Soils

This study evaluated the characteristics and genesis of soils across a young volcanic landscape in the humid tropical island of Leyte, Philippines. Five representative soil pedons (P1–P5) derived from late Quaternary volcanoclastics (i.e. fragmental) on a hillslope sequence were examined and sampled. Results revealed that the soils have generally similar morphological characteristics particularly in terms of soil colour (10YR 3/3–10YR 5/6) and soil structure (granular to subangular blocky), but differed in terms of soil thickness and clay content, which was higher in P3 than the other pedons across the landscape. The high porosities of the soils were the results of high organic matter, the dominance of noncrystalline (short-range order) minerals, as well as the isovolumetric weathering in the subsoils. All soils have very similar chemical properties (e.g. acidic, high organic carbon, low exchangeable bases), except soils from the middle backslope position (P3), which have high cation exchange capacity because higher exchangeable Ca and K result in a higher base saturation. Allophane, goethite, ferrihydrite, and gibbsite are the dominant clay minerals in the soils. Principal component analysis revealed that P3 was distinct from pedons P1, P2, P4, and P5, suggesting that it was substantially different from all other soils across the landscape. Soil formation was relatively fast due to the easy weatherability of the parent materials, high rainfall, and good drainage of the soils along the landscape. This study revealed that on young volcanic soils under humid tropical condition, topography greatly influenced soil development.

scholarly journals Biogeographic Changes in Forest Soil Microbial Communities of Offshore Islands—A Case Study of Remote Islands in Taiwan

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ed-Haun Chang ◽  
Isheng Jason Tsai ◽  
Shih-Hao Jien ◽  
Guanglong Tian ◽  
Chih-Yu Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Microbial

Biogeographic separation has been an important cause of faunal and floral distribution; however, little is known about the differences in soil microbial communities across islands. In this study, we determined the structure of soil microbial communities by analyzing phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and comparing enzymatic activities as well as soil physio-chemical properties across five subtropical granite-derived and two tropical volcanic (andesite-derived) islands in Taiwan. Among these islands, soil organic matter, pH, urease, and PLFA biomass were higher in the tropical andesite-derived than subtropical granite-derived islands. Principal component analysis of PLFAs separated these islands into three groups. The activities of soil enzymes such as phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and β-glucosaminidase were positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen. Redundancy analysis of microbial communities and environmental factors showed that soil parent materials and the climatic difference are critical factors affecting soil organic matter and pH, and consequently the microbial community structure.

scholarly journals Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (C. capitata) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: impact of soil factors on their distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub HALLOUTI ◽  
Mohamed AIT HAMZA ◽  
Abdelaziz ZAHIDI ◽  
Rachid AIT HAMMOU ◽  
Rachid BOUHARROUD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Background: Studying the ecology of biocontrol-agents is a prerequisite to effectively control medfly (C. capitata) with entomopathogenic fungi. In this context, factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of medfly-associated entomopathogenic-fungi were studied. Soil samples (22) were collected from natural and cultivated areas of Souss-region Morocco. Results: A total of 260 fungal isolates belonging to 22 species and 10 genera were obtained by using medfly pupae as bait. Medfly-associated fungi were detected in all studied soils and pupae infection percentages ranged from 3.33% to 48%. Two genera, Fusarium and Beauveria were the most frequent with 83 isolates (32%) and 50 isolates (19.23%) respectively. Pathogenicity test of isolated species against medfly pupae showed high mortality rates up to 91% for some strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated strong influence of origin, physical and chemical properties of soil on the abundance of these fungi. In general, medfly-associated fungi were more abundant in soils with moderate pH (7.5 to 8) having high sand and organic content. High relative humidity negatively influenced the abundance of these fungi. Both factors directly affected the fungal infection percentages in pupae. The response of fungi to these parameters varied among species. According to principal component analysis (PCA) the soils of argan fields and forests were more suitable for the development of medfly-associated fungi than citrus orchards. Conclusions: These results provide guidance on identifying suitable soils for effective application of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. In summary, isolated indigenous strains seem to be a promising option to control C. capitata.

scholarly journals Enzymatic activity of the Kuyavia Mollic Gleysols (Poland) against their chemical properties  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krzyżaniak ◽  
J. Lemanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Carbon Of Organic Compounds

The research results have shown that the enzyme pH index (0.49–0.83) confirmed the neutral or alkaline nature of the soils. Neither the changes in the content of available phosphorus nor in the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, alkaline and acid phosphatase in soil were due to the factors triggering soil salinity; they were a result of the naturally high content of carbon of organic compounds, which was statistically verified with the analysis of correlation between the parameters. There were recorded highly significant values of the coefficients of correlation between the content of available phosphorus in soil and the activity of alkaline (r = 0.96; P < 0.05) and acid phosphatase (r = 0.91; P < 0.05) as well as dehydrogenase (r = 0.90; P < 0.05). To sum up, one can state that Mollic Gleysols in Inowrocław are the soils undergoing seasonal salinity; however, a high content of ions responsible for salinity is balanced with a high content of organic carbon, humus, phosphorus and calcium directly affecting the fertility of the soils analyzed. The activity of the enzymes depended on the natural content of carbon of organic compounds and not on the factors affecting the soil salinity, which points to the potential of such tests for soil environment monitoring.

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