scholarly journals Trail Making contributes to subjective judgment of visual efficiency in older adults

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Setti ◽  
James Loughman ◽  
George M Savva ◽  
RoseAnne Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Ocular Pathology ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Trail Making

Introduction: The determinant factors that influence self-reported quality of vision have yet to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated a range of contextual information, established psychophysical tests, and in particular, a series of cognitive tests as potentially novel determinant factors. Materials & Methods: Community dwelling adults (aged 50+) recruited to Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, excluding those registered blind, participated in this study (N=5021). Self-reports of vision were analysed in relation to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, ocular pathology, visual (Choice Response Time task; Trail Making Test) and global cognition. Contextual factors such as having visited an optometrist and wearing glasses were also considered. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine univariate and multivariate associations. Results and Discussion: Poor Trail Making Test performance (Odds ratio, OR= 1.36), visual acuity (OR =1.72) and ocular pathology (OR=2.25) were determinant factors for poor versus excellent vision in self-reports. Education, wealth, age, depressive symptoms and general cognitive fitness also contributed to determining self-reported vision. Conclusions: Trail Making Test contribution to self-reports may capture higher level visual processing and should be considered when using self-reports to assess vision and its role in cognitive and functional health.

scholarly journals Trail Making contributes to subjective judgment of visual efficiency in older adults

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Setti ◽  
James Loughman ◽  
George M Savva ◽  
RoseAnne Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Ocular Pathology ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Trail Making

Introduction: The determinant factors that influence self-reported quality of vision have yet to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated a range of contextual information, established psychophysical tests, and in particular, a series of cognitive tests as potentially novel determinant factors. Materials & Methods: Community dwelling adults (aged 50+) recruited to Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, excluding those registered blind, participated in this study (N=5021). Self-reports of vision were analysed in relation to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, ocular pathology, visual (Choice Response Time task; Trail Making Test) and global cognition. Contextual factors such as having visited an optometrist and wearing glasses were also considered. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine univariate and multivariate associations. Results and Discussion: Poor Trail Making Test performance (Odds ratio, OR= 1.36), visual acuity (OR =1.72) and ocular pathology (OR=2.25) were determinant factors for poor versus excellent vision in self-reports. Education, wealth, age, depressive symptoms and general cognitive fitness also contributed to determining self-reported vision. Conclusions: Trail Making Test contribution to self-reports may capture higher level visual processing and should be considered when using self-reports to assess vision and its role in cognitive and functional health.

scholarly journals Trail Making Test performance contributes to subjective judgment of visual efficiency in older adults

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Setti ◽  
James Loughman ◽  
George M. Savva ◽  
RoseAnne Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Ocular Pathology ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Trail Making

Introduction.The determinant factors that influence self-reported quality of vision have yet to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated a range of contextual information, established psychophysical tests, and in particular, a series of cognitive tests as potentially novel determinant factors.Materials & Methods.Community dwelling adults (aged 50+) recruited to Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, excluding those registered blind, participated in this study (N= 5,021). Self-reports of vision were analysed in relation to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, ocular pathology, visual (Choice Response Time task; Trail Making Test) and global cognition. Contextual factors such as having visited an optometrist and wearing glasses were also considered. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine univariate and multivariate associations.Results and Discussion.Poor Trail Making Test performance (Odds ratio, OR = 1.36), visual acuity (OR = 1.72) and ocular pathology (OR = 2.25) were determinant factors for poor versus excellent vision in self-reports. Education, wealth, age, depressive symptoms and general cognitive fitness also contributed to determining self-reported vision.Conclusions.Trail Making Test contribution to self-reports may capture higher level visual processing and should be considered when using self-reports to assess vision and its role in cognitive and functional health.

scholarly journals Visual search contributes to subjective judgment of visual efficiency in older adults

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Setti ◽  
James Loughman ◽  
George M Savva ◽  
RoseAnne Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Ocular Pathology ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Trail Making

Introduction: The determinant factors that influence self-reported quality of vision have yet to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated a range of contextual information, established psychophysical tests, and in particular, a series of cognitive tests as potentially determinant factors. Materials & Methods: Community dwelling adults (aged 50+) recruited to Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, excluding those registered blind, participated in this study (N=5021). Self-reports of vision were analysed in relation to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, ocular pathology, visual (Choice Response Time task; Trail Making Test) and global cognition. Contextual factors such as having visited an optometrist and wearing glasses were also considered. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine univariate and multivariate associations. Results and Discussion: Visual acuity (Odds ratio (OR) =1.71), ocular pathology (cataract, OR=1.78; glaucoma, OR=2.43; ARMD, OR=3.48; other pathologies, OR=2.83), lack of correction (glasses, OR=1.34), poor visual cognition (Trail Making Test, OR= 1.35) were determinant factors for poor versus excellent vision in self-reports. Education, wealth, age, depressive symptoms and general cognitive fitness also contributed to determining self-reported vision. Conclusions: Ocular pathology underlies the presence of visual deficits that are not fully captured by the acuity test. Poor visual search and visual attention skills capture the functional use of vision linked to higher level visual processing. Age, education and wealth, as well as mental health also bias responses. A careful examination of the respective contribution of such factors should be considered when using self-reports to asses vision and its role in cognitive and functional health.

A-11 Investigating Gene–Gene Interactions by Cognitive Domain in Healthy Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1051
Author(s):  
Kendra L Pizzonia ◽  
Andrew M Bryant ◽  
Leatha A Clark ◽  
Brian C Clark ◽  
Julie A Suhr
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Objective ApoE is a well-known gene carrying risk for Alzheimer’s disease and is associated with memory performance while the COMT gene is associated with executive functioning but is understudied. The present study investigated these gene interactions across cognitive domains. Method A larger study on gait and aging recruited 89 healthy community-dwelling adults over the age of 60. The primary analyses included 82 participants (67% female, mean age = 74.61, SD = 6.71). The analyses on executive functioning included 72 participants (65% female, mean age = 73.02, SD = 4.99) who completed all measures of interest. ApoE status was defined as presence/absence of Ɛ4. The rs4680 gene on the COMT allele was classified into Val/Met, Val/Val, and Met/Met genotypes. Biological sex was included as a binary term (i.e., male/female). Index variables and age corrected standard scores on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, verbal fluency, and Trail Making Test were included. Results Gene–gene interactions were found for overall cognitive functioning, immediate memory, and semantic fluency. There were main effects of sex for overall cognitive functioning, immediate memory, delayed memory, and semantic fluency. There were main effects for COMT for delayed memory and a main effect for both COMT and ApoE for visuospatial functioning, coding, and verbal fluency (all p’s < 0.05). There were no ApoE x COMT x Sex interactions and Trail Making Test B was not related to either gene or sex. Conclusion(s) Our findings suggest that both COMT and ApoE (and their interaction) influence cognition. Future research should investigate gene–gene interactions in larger samples with more comprehensive cognitive batteries.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY AND GAIT IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S931-S931
Author(s):  
Kate Hamel ◽  
Sarah Barber ◽  
Carl Ketcham ◽  
Kristy Lui
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Cognitive Predictors ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Temporal Measures

Abstract The relationship between older adults’ gait and cognition has been well-studied, however there is little consensus regarding a best set of measures to assess cognition. One option that has not been previously examined is the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHT-CB), which was developed to be used across the lifespan and across research disciplines. This study examined the relationships between the seven subtests of the NIHT-CB, Trail-Making Tests A and B, and temporospatial measures of gait. One hundred sixty-seven healthy, community-dwelling older adults (115 females, 73.4 ± 4.5 years) completed these cognitive measures and also walked at their self-selected pace back-and-forth five times along a temporospatial-measuring walkway. The mean and coefficient of variation were calculated for each gait variable (stride length, width, time and velocity; stance/swing time and % of stride). After controlling for potential confounders (height, weight, age, sex, education, self-efficacy, health, exercise and falls history), executive function measures were typically the most significant cognitive predictors. More specifically, the Dimensional Change Card Sort task was the best predictor of temporal measures and stride velocity (all ps < 0.001) and the Trail-Making Test Part B was the best predictor for variability measures (five of eight p-values < 0.001). Interestingly, stride length and also stance and swing % of stride were strongly related to a measure of language - Picture Vocabulary (all ps < 0.006). The NIHT-CB appears to be a useful tool for studies of gait in older adults, particularly when used in conjunction with Trail-Making Test B.

scholarly journals Questioning the Effort Hypothesis That Depressed Patients Perform Disproportionately Worse on Effortful Cognitive Tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
Dustin B. Hammers ◽  
Sara Weisenbach
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations ◽  
Accuracy Indices ◽  
Effort Hypothesis

The debate over Hasher and Zacks’ effort hypothesis—that performance on effortful tasks by patients with depression will be disproportionately worse than their performance on automatic tasks—shows a need for additional research to settle whether or not this notion is “clinical lore.” In this study, we categorized 285 outpatient recipients of neuropsychological evaluations into three groups—No Depression, Mild-to-Moderate Depression, and Severe Depression—based on their Beck Depression Inventory-2 self-reports. We then compared these groups’ performances on both “automatic” and “effortful” versions of the Ruff 2 & 7 Selective Attention Test Total Speed and Total Accuracy Indices, the Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intellectual Scale—Fourth Edition, and Trail Making Test Parts A and B, using a two-way (3 × 2) mixed multivariate analysis of variance. Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Depression or Severe Depression performed disproportionately worse than patients with No Depression in our sample on more effortful versions of only one of the four attention or executive functioning measures (Trail Making Test). Thus, these data failed to fully support a hypothesis of disproportionately worse performance on more effortful tasks. While this study failed to negate the effort hypothesis in some specific instances, particularly for use in the Trail Making Test, there is cause for caution in routinely applying the effort hypothesis when interpreting test findings in most clinical settings and for most measures.

Predictors of the Trail-Making Test in a Sample of Community-Dwelling Elders

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janease L. Traylor ◽  
Karen Kopera-Frye ◽  
Sandra Dillon ◽  
William Mccown ◽  
Scott M. Lepley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making

scholarly journals 103 Physical Performance among Community-Dwelling Older People in Senawang

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv18-iv27
Author(s):  
Amirah Fatin Ibrahim ◽  
Gaik Kin Teoh ◽  
Mei Chan Chong ◽  
Maw Pin Tan ◽  
Siti Mariam Muda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Introduction Older adults may remove themselves voluntarily from social activities due to health concerns and physical limitations that leads to loneliness. Additionally, loneliness is associated with poorer health among older adults. Therefore, this study aims to improve health status among community-dwelling older adults in the sub-urban area through this social participation project by creating awareness on empowering the older adults in managing their health and social life. Methods This is a community-based participatory research (CBPR) applying both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data was obtained with a standardized data collection document and obtained during a series of health screening programs. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Key results 87 older adults participated in two health screening events. The mean age was 66 ± 6.5 (SD) years, median BMI was 26.5 (IQR=6.4), mean systolic blood pressure was 141 ± 14.6 (SD) mmHg, median diastolic blood pressure was 78 (IQR=10) mmHg, median timed up and go was 10 (IQR=3) seconds, median trail-making test A was 45.8 (IQR=24.4) seconds, median trail-making test B was 115.8 (IQR=99.3) seconds. The mean hand grip strength for male was 30.76 ± 5.1 (SD) kg for right hand and 31.87 ± 24.5 (SD) kg for left hand. The mean hand grip strength for female was 18.40 ± 5.1 (SD) kg for right hand and 17.14 ± 5.0 (SD) kg for left hand. Discussion The results may represent a portion of community-dwelling older adults who are actively engage in community activities such as religious classes, weddings or events. Therefore, the results showed normal values for all physical and mental tests. However, 61% of the participants were overweight or obese and had higher mean systolic blood pressure suggesting the need for more education and awareness on health management.

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