scholarly journals Choice or constraint? Women’s weekly working hours in comparative perspective

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Yerkes
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Individual Household

This article analyses the influence of individualworking preferences onwomen’s labour market behaviour in the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom, addressingthe question: to what extent do individual preferences have a causal effect onwomen’s averageweeklyworking hours? Using longitudinal panel data from all three countries, a fixed-effects model is applied to measure the effect of individual preferences in year t-1 onwomen’s averageweeklyworking hours in year t. The data is pooled from 1992 to 2002. After controlling for a number of individual, household and job characteristics we see that individual preferences are most influential in the Netherlands. However, the data do not support the idea that choice is more important than constraint because individual, household and job characteristics remain significant. In addition, the results demonstrate that it is important to understand individual preferences within the institutional context. Therefore, within the theoretical and policy debates aboutwomen’s labour market participationwe must consider possible barriers that hinder women when making labour market “choices”.

Keuze of belemmering? De arbeidsmarktparticipatie van vrouwen

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Yerkes
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Labour Participation ◽  
Individual Household

Choice or impediment? The labour participation of women Choice or impediment? The labour participation of women This article researches the influence of individual preferences on women's labour market behaviour in the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom, addressing the question, to what extent do individual preferences have a causal effect on women's average weekly working hours? Using longitudinal panel data from all three countries, a fixed-effects model is applied to measure the effect of preferences in year t-1 on women's average weekly working hours in year t. The data are pooled from 1992 to 2002. After controlling for a number of individual, household and job characteristics we see that individual preferences are most influential in the Netherlands. However, the data do not support the idea that choice is more important than constraint because individual, household and job characteristics remain visible, even in the Netherlands. The results also demonstrate that it is important to understand individual preferences within the institutional context. Therefore, within the policy debate on increasing women's labour market participation we must consider possible barriers that hinder women when making labour market 'choices'.

scholarly journals Activities, Access Control, and Crime: a Quasi-Experimental Study regarding Entry Gates at Train Stations in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane M. Lindenbergh ◽  
Edward R. Kleemans ◽  
Joras Ferwerda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Quasi Experimental

AbstractThis article discusses a unique “natural experiment,” the introduction of entry gates at Dutch train stations and the potential effects of this on crime in the areas around these stations. A quasi-experimental study was carried out to show that introducing entry gates correlated with a drop in crime in these areas. After entry gates had been introduced, potential offenders could only enter train stations with a valid ticket, which meant that they would be less likely to enter or leave these stations and more likely to choose other places to hang around in or for entering and leaving trains. A dataset was created in which the crime rates around train stations were registered for each month in the years 2013 through 2018. The changing numbers of travelers at each station were also taken into account, as this variable probably correlates with the amount of crime. A two-way fixed-effects model was run on data for about 260 train stations, with and without entry gates, using the relative crime rate per thousand travelers as the dependent variable. Based on this relative crime rate, the use of entry gates was found to coincide with a decrease of 9% in crime, compared to a situation without entry gates. This study can inform policymakers about the potential effects of entry gates in particular and about situational crime prevention in general. Moreover, it illustrates how implementing measures at various locations at different moments enables the effectiveness of such measures to be tested more precisely and with more confidence.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION OF THE JOB-SEEKER STOCK IN LABOUR MARKET MATCHING :A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Sanna Mari Hynninen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Matching Function ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Local Labour

This paper investigates the technical efficiency of labour market matching taking a stochastic frontierapproach. The data set consists of monthly data from 145 Local Labour Offices (LLOs) in Finland over theperiod 1995/01-2004/09. The true fixed-effects model is utilised in order to separate cross-sectionalheterogeneity from inefficiency. According to the results, there are notable differences in matching efficiencybetween regions, and these differences contribute significantly to the number of filled vacancies. If all regionswere as efficient as the most efficient one, the number of total matches per month would increase by over 10%. If inefficiency had no role in the matching function, the number of matches would increase by almost 24 %.The weight of the composition of the job-seeker stock and other environmental variables in the determinationof matching inefficiency is on average 61 %. In particular, job seekers out of the labour force and highlyeducated job seekers improve technical efficiency in the matching function

scholarly journals Regional Coronavirus Hotspots During the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Netherlands

De Economist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
Wolter H. J. Hassink ◽  
Guyonne Kalb ◽  
Jordy Meekes
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe explore the impact of COVID-19 hotspots and regional lockdowns on the Dutch labour market during the outbreak of COVID-19. Using weekly administrative panel microdata for 50 per cent of Dutch employees until the end of March 2020, we study whether individual labour market outcomes, as measured by employment, working hours and hourly wages, were more strongly affected in provinces where COVID-19 confirmed cases, hospitalizations and mortality were relatively high. The evidence suggests that labour market outcomes were negatively affected in all regions and local higher virus case numbers did not reinforce this decline. This suggests that preventive health measures should be at the regional level, isolating hotspots from low-risk areas.

scholarly journals Stromen arbeidsmigranten vaker in de WW dan Nederlandse werknemers? Een decompositieanalyse van WW- instroom onder Oost-Europese arbeidsmigranten in Nederland

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Anita Strockmeijer ◽  
Paul de Beer ◽  
Jaco Dagevos
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Unemployment Risk ◽  
To Receive

The large increase in Eastern European migrants entering the Dutch labour market has led to concerns about their potential claim on Dutch unemployment benefits. We use a decomposition analysis to investigate differences in uptake of unemployment benefits between migrants and native Dutch employees by analysing register data for all employees in the Netherlands in 2015. The results show that Eastern European migrants, similar to other migrants, receive unemployment benefit more often than native Dutch employees. This difference can be largely ascribed to job characteristics. The inclusion of unemployment risk in the analysis reveals that non‐working migrants are much less likely to receive unemployment benefits than Dutch natives.

scholarly journals Is There a Male Marital Wage Premium? New Evidence from the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Ludwig ◽  
Josef Brüderl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Married Men

This study reconsiders the phenomenon that married men earn more money than unmarried men, a key result of the research on marriage benefits. Many earlier studies have found such a “male marital wage premium.” Recent studies using panel data for the United States conclude that part of this premium is due to selection of high earners into marriage. Nevertheless, a substantial effect of marriage seems to remain. The current study investigates whether the remaining premium is really a causal effect. Using conventional fixed-effects models, previous studies statistically controlled for selection based on wage levels only. We suggest a more general fixed-effects model that allows for higher wage growth of to-be-married men. The empirical test draws on panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979 to 2012). We replicate the main finding of the literature: a wage premium remains after controlling for selection on individual wage levels. However, the remaining effect is not causal. The results show that married men earn more because selection into marriage operates not only on wage levels but also on wage growth. Hence, men on a steep career track are especially likely to marry. We conclude that arguments postulating a wage premium for married men should be discarded.

scholarly journals Racial Divisions and Criminal Justice: Evidence from Southern State Courts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-240
Author(s):  
Benjamin Feigenberg ◽  
Conrad Miller
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Black Population ◽  
State Courts ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

The US criminal justice system is exceptionally punitive. We test whether racial heterogeneity is one cause, exploiting cross-jurisdiction variation in punishment severity in four Southern states. We estimate the causal effect of jurisdiction on arrest outcomes using a fixed effects model that incorporates extensive charge and defendant controls. We validate our estimates using defendants charged in multiple jurisdictions. Consistent with a model of ingroup bias in electorate preferences, the relationship between local severity and Black population share follows an inverted U-shape. Within states, defendants are 27–54 percent more likely to be incarcerated in “peak” heterogeneous jurisdictions than in homogeneous jurisdictions. We estimate that confinement rates and race-based confinement rate gaps would fall by 15 percent if all jurisdictions adopted the severity of homogeneous jurisdictions within their state. (JEL H76, J15, K42)

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

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