scholarly journals COMPOSITION OF THE JOB-SEEKER STOCK IN LABOUR MARKET MATCHING :A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Sanna Mari Hynninen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Matching Function ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Local Labour

This paper investigates the technical efficiency of labour market matching taking a stochastic frontierapproach. The data set consists of monthly data from 145 Local Labour Offices (LLOs) in Finland over theperiod 1995/01-2004/09. The true fixed-effects model is utilised in order to separate cross-sectionalheterogeneity from inefficiency. According to the results, there are notable differences in matching efficiencybetween regions, and these differences contribute significantly to the number of filled vacancies. If all regionswere as efficient as the most efficient one, the number of total matches per month would increase by over 10%. If inefficiency had no role in the matching function, the number of matches would increase by almost 24 %.The weight of the composition of the job-seeker stock and other environmental variables in the determinationof matching inefficiency is on average 61 %. In particular, job seekers out of the labour force and highlyeducated job seekers improve technical efficiency in the matching function

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency and Technical Change in Canadian Manufacturing Industries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Samuel Gamtessa
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Canadian Manufacturing

This study applies the “true fixed effects” panel stochastic frontier methodology to the Canadian KLEMS data set to estimate technical change and technical efficiency in the Canadian manufacturing sector. To account for the endogeneity of capital inputs as well as the possible problems related to omitted variables, a two-stage residual inclusion method is pursued. The first stage is estimated using the dynamic panel GMM method. The results show that Canadian manufacturing industries experienced significant declines in technical efficiencies during the last ten years. This suggests that the observed slowdown in TFP growth during the recent past is partly due to declining technical efficiency.

scholarly journals Choice or constraint? Women’s weekly working hours in comparative perspective

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Yerkes
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Individual Household

This article analyses the influence of individualworking preferences onwomen’s labour market behaviour in the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom, addressingthe question: to what extent do individual preferences have a causal effect onwomen’s averageweeklyworking hours? Using longitudinal panel data from all three countries, a fixed-effects model is applied to measure the effect of individual preferences in year t-1 onwomen’s averageweeklyworking hours in year t. The data is pooled from 1992 to 2002. After controlling for a number of individual, household and job characteristics we see that individual preferences are most influential in the Netherlands. However, the data do not support the idea that choice is more important than constraint because individual, household and job characteristics remain significant. In addition, the results demonstrate that it is important to understand individual preferences within the institutional context. Therefore, within the theoretical and policy debates aboutwomen’s labour market participationwe must consider possible barriers that hinder women when making labour market “choices”.

Which professional skills value more under digital transformation?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Paklina ◽  
Elena Shakina
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computing Skills

PurposeThis study seeks to explore the demand side of the labour market influenced by the digital revolution. It aims at identifying the new composition of skills and their value as implicitly manifested by employers when they look for the new labour force. The authors analyse the returns to computing skills based on text mining techniques applied to the job advertisements.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on the hedonic pricing model with the Heckman correction to overcome the sample selection bias. The empirical part is based on a large data set that includes more than 9m online vacancies on one of the biggest job boards in Russia from 2006 to 2018.FindingsEmpirical evidence for both negative and positive returns to computing skills and their monetary values is found. Importantly, the authors also have found both complementary and substitutional effects within and between non-domain (basic) and domain (advanced) subgroups of computing skills.Originality/valueApart from the empirical evidence on the value of professional computing skills and their interrelations, this study provides the important methodological contribution on applying the hedonic procedure and text mining to the field of human resource management and labour market research.

A big data approach to examining social bots on Twitter

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Brand Reputation

Purpose Social bots are prevalent on social media. Malicious bots can severely distort the true voices of customers. This paper aims to examine social bots in the context of big data of user-generated content. In particular, the author investigates the scope of information distortion for 24 brands across seven industries. Furthermore, the author studies the mechanisms that make social bots viral. Last, approaches to detecting and preventing malicious bots are recommended. Design/methodology/approach A Twitter data set of 29 million tweets was collected. Latent Dirichlet allocation and word cloud were used to visualize unstructured big data of textual content. Sentiment analysis was used to automatically classify 29 million tweets. A fixed-effects model was run on the final panel data. Findings The findings demonstrate that social bots significantly distort brand-related information across all industries and among all brands under study. Moreover, Twitter social bots are significantly more effective at spreading word of mouth. In addition, social bots use volumes and emotions as major effective mechanisms to influence and manipulate the spread of information about brands. Finally, the bot detection approaches are effective at identifying bots. Research limitations/implications As brand companies use social networks to monitor brand reputation and engage customers, it is critical for them to distinguish true consumer opinions from fake ones which are artificially created by social bots. Originality/value This is the first big data examination of social bots in the context of brand-related user-generated content.

Economic Outcomes of Immigrants with Different Migration Motives: The Role of Labour Market Policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kanas ◽  
Stephanie Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Refugee Immigrants

Abstract This paper studies the role of labour market policies for economic outcomes of immigrants with different migration motives. Using two recent European Union Labour Force Surveys ad hoc modules and applying country fixed-effects models, we examine if labour market policies can alleviate the economic disadvantage of family reunification and refugee immigrants in comparison to economic immigrants. In line with previous studies, we find that even after controlling for differences in human capital and socio-demographic characteristics, family reunification, and particularly refugee immigrants have considerably lower labour force participation and employment rates, and when employed, work fewer hours and have a lower occupational status than economic immigrants. However, we also find that the economic disadvantage of family reunification and refugee immigrants is significantly smaller in countries with more extensive labour market policies. These findings hold for the overall labour market mobility index as well as its specific sub-dimensions: general and targeted support and workers’ rights.

scholarly journals The Negative Effect of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance May Be Overestimated: Evidence From a 2-Year Panel Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362
Author(s):  
Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen ◽  
Asger Andersen ◽  
Kelton Minor ◽  
David Dreyer Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Course Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we monitored 470 university students’ smartphone usage continuously over 2 years to assess the relationship between in-class smartphone use and academic performance. We used a novel data set in which smartphone use and grades were recorded across multiple courses, allowing us to examine this relationship at the student level and the student-in-course level. In accordance with the existing literature, our results showed that students’ in-class smartphone use was negatively associated with their grades, even when we controlled for a broad range of observed student characteristics. However, the magnitude of the association decreased substantially in a fixed-effects model, which leveraged the panel structure of the data to control for all stable student and course characteristics, including those not observed by researchers. This suggests that the size of the effect of smartphone usage on academic performance has been overestimated in studies that controlled for only observed student characteristics.

scholarly journals Expectations of employers on the example of Słupsk local labour market (with the particular emphasis on the need for geographical competences)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Paulina Szmielińska-Pietraszek ◽  
Wioletta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Geographic Knowledge ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractOn today's labour markets, the basic characteristics of the quality of the labour force is knowledge, qualifications, skills and experience possessed by it. Today, employers are looking for employees with high interpersonal competences, manners, responsible, hard-working, independent, honest and having the ability to learn quickly. For this, as an asset, they add the higher education, preferably directional, creativity and experience. The taken research area is characterized by economic lag in comparison with Gdańsk agglomeration area, as well as with other regions. In the article the reference was made to the declared needs of employers towards future employees, based on interviews conducted in 101 entities of the city of Słupsk and Słupsk county. The main aim of the research was to determine the usefulness of geographic knowledge for the local labour market. And thus indicating the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of geographical graduates in the labour market. Among the needs of employers of Słupsk labour market in accordance with the overall national trend, there is a large deficit of soft competencies, but also, among others, the gap typically professional related to information technology and engineering skills have been diagnosed. There has been a large gap identified in the ability to apply the knowledge (academic) in practical activities, which is called by the employers 'the professional experience'. In contrast, the studies on the usefulness of (the attractiveness of the labour market) competencies that are possible to learn while studying geography, showed the particular importance, valuable for the modern labour market skills of searching, collecting and processing of information. Currently in Poland, even in conditions of high unemployment existing mismatch between qualification and professional structure of supply and demand for labour can be observed. In the labour market, the presence is noted at the same time, the deficit and surplus professions and employers tend to have difficulty in recruiting people with specific skills and vocational skills. Not innovative small entities (which predominate in the structure of entities, inter alia, in Słupsk local labour market) are not able to take over the education of strictly professional competences due to a lack of capital. The role of practical education courses for universities is visible here. They are accumulating equipment and supplies for practical training which may in a flexible way try to respond to changing economic conditions.

scholarly journals Media and Economic Growth: Country Groups Difference via Panel Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Ahapova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Press ◽  
Per Capita

The present article investigates the link between economic growth, namely GDP per capita, and the media activity represented with the indicator of the press freedom alongside other factors such as infrastructure, institutional conditions, and foreign direct investments. A panel of 179 countries was used for the period from 2000 to 2015. In particular, we run two panel data analysis models, fixed effects and random effects models, and examined their output with Hausman’s specification test, which pointed the fixed effects model as more efficient for the presented data set. However due to the presence of serial correlation, heteroskedastic, and cross-panel dependence, a Prais-Winsten regression with panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) was implemented. The comparative analysis of models of four country groups, divided by GNI per capita, was conducted. Both statistically significant correlation coefficients and models’ output provided evidence of an association between economic growth and the press activity.

scholarly journals Governance and Domestic Investment in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimere Okechukwu Iheonu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The study empirically examined the impact of governance on domestic investment in 16 African countries with a balanced panel data set, between the years 2002 and 2015. The study employed six unbundled governance indicators from the World Bank, World Governance Indicators and constructed three bundled governance indicators using the Principal Component Analysis. The Driscoll and Kraay Fixed Effects model which accounts for serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence were employed with empirical results revealing that all the indicators of governance positively and significantly influence domestic investment in Africa, except for government effectiveness which happens to be insignificant. Also, Voice/Accountability and the Control of Corruption exert more influence on domestic investment as indicated by their coefficient values. Furthermore, economic growth is also an important factor in explaining domestic investment in Africa. Policy recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Do White Police Officers Unfairly Target Black Suspects?

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p12
Author(s):  
John R. Lott, Jr ◽  
Carlisle E. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Discrimination Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Fbi Data ◽  
The City

Using a unique data set we link the race of police officers who kill suspects with the race of those who are killed across the United States. We have data on a total of 2,706 fatal police killings for the years 2013 to 2015. This is 1,333 more killings by police than is provided by the FBI data on justifiable police homicides. We conducted three tests of discrimination. The results of these tests are different. In the first test we find some evidence that white officers are more likely to kill a black suspect who is later found to be unarmed than they are to kill an unarmed white suspect. However, this result could not be confirmed using a fixed effects model on panel data aggregated to the city level. In the second test, we find that white police officers are no more likely to kill an unarmed black suspect than are black or Hispanic officers. The results of this test are confirmed by the panel data version of the test. The third discrimination test indicated that black suspects, whether armed or not, are no more likely to be killed by a white officer than they are to be killed by black or Hispanic officers. Similarly, Hispanic suspects are no more likely to be killed by white offices than officers of other races. These results are also confirmed by panel data analyses. We find that when there is more than one officer on the scene, unarmed black suspects are not more likely to be killed by white police officers than unarmed white suspects. This could be evidence supporting a policy of reducing the number of officers working alone. Also, we find no evidence that body cameras affect either the number of police killings or the racial composition of those killings.

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