Metals in the Environment as Risk Factors for Infectious Diseases

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases

Unscattering the burden of disease landscape: supporting interaction between existing burden of disease efforts

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Haagsma ◽  
M Majdan ◽  
S M Pires ◽  
R Assunção
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disease Network ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The burden of disease landscape in Europe is currently scattered with experts from diverse professional backgrounds, ranging from experts in infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, injuries and risk factors, to experts in more comprehensive national, regional and global burden of disease studies. Currently there is little interaction between these experts and existing burden of disease efforts. The European burden of disease network (burden-eu) COST Action aims to bring together expertise across different domains and professional backgrounds. During the course of the burden-eu COST Action, several steps will be taken to facilitate interaction between existing burden of disease efforts. First, a survey has been sent around to all members of the EU burden of disease network to map burden of disease studies that have been carried out in their country. Apart from general details about the year of the study and cause of disease categories, items of the survey included data sources, methodological approach and collaborations with institutes of other countries. In the first month, the survey has been completed for over 70 studies that have been carried out in twelve countries. Second, comparison of existing burden of disease initiatives allows for the identification of the various domains for which burden of disease has been assessed, highlight methodological differences as well as similarities, and facilitate improvements and harmonization of methods and approaches. Furthermore, the data collected from the survey will be included in a continuously updated burden of disease database that lists all past and current burden of disease activities. Lastly, burden-eu will facilitate regular meetings and workshops. Each of these steps will make it possible to move beyond the currently scattered burden of disease landscape and increase interaction between professionals and burden of disease efforts.

scholarly journals Culture proven Salmonella typhi co-infection in a child with Dengue fever: a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 1033-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangan Srinivasaraghavan ◽  
Parameswaran Narayanan ◽  
Thandapani Kanimozhi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
Concurrent Infections

Infectious diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Sometimes concurrent infections with multiple infectious agents may occur in one patient, which make the diagnosis and management a challenging task. The authors here present a case of co-infection of typhoid fever with dengue fever in a ten-year-old child and discuss the pertinent issues. The authors emphasize that the risk factors predicting the presence of such co-infections, if developed, will be immensely useful in areas where dengue outbreak occurs in the background of high transmission of endemic infections.

Metals in the Environment as Risk Factors for Infectious Diseases

2015 ◽  
pp. 271-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Leigh Ackland ◽  
Julia Bornhorst ◽  
George V. Dedoussis ◽  
Rodney R. Dietert ◽  
Jerome O. Nriagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases

Incidence and Prevalence of Infectious Diseases and Their Risk Factors among Patients Who Use Visiting Nursing Services in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Kyoko Noguchi ◽  
Ryota Ochiai ◽  
Yoko Imazu ◽  
Yuri Tokunaga-Nakawatase ◽  
Setsuko Watabe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nursing Services

scholarly journals Childhood infectious diseases and old age cognitive functioning: a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. Rotstein ◽  
S. Z. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACT Background: Cumulative evidence suggests that health-related risk factors during midlife and old-age are associated with cognitive impairment. However, studies are needed to clarify the association between early-life risk factors and impaired cognitive functioning to increment existing knowledge. Objective: To examine the association between childhood infectious diseases and late-life cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Participants: Eligible respondents were 2994 community-dwelling individuals aged 65–85. Measurements: Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Childhood infectious diseases (i.e. chicken pox, measles, and mumps) were self-reported. The study covariates were age, sex, highest educational level achieved, smoking status, body mass index, and depression. The primary statistical analysis examined the association between the number of childhood infectious diseases and total MMSE scores, accounting for all study covariates. Regression models of progressive complexity were examined for parsimony. The robustness of the primary results was tested in 17 sensitivity analyses. Results: The most parsimonious model was a linear adjusted model (Bayesian Information Criterion = 12646.09). Late-life cognitive functioning significantly improved as the number of childhood infectious diseases increased (β = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.26; p < 0.001). This effect was not significantly attenuated in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: The current study results are consistent with prior ecological findings indicating that some childhood infectious diseases are associated with better cognitive functioning in old-age. This points to an early-life modifiable risk factor associated with older-life cognitive functioning. Our results may reflect selective mortality and/or beneficial effects via hormetic processes.

scholarly journals Multiomics: unraveling the panoramic landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2313-2324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Xiaoju Liu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Shuye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

AbstractIn response to emerging infectious diseases, such as the recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is critical to quickly identify and understand responsible pathogens, risk factors, host immune responses, and pathogenic mechanisms at both the molecular and cellular levels. The recent development of multiomic technologies, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and single-cell transcriptomics, has enabled a fast and panoramic grasp of the pathogen and the disease. Here, we systematically reviewed the major advances in the virology, immunology, and pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection that have been achieved via multiomic technologies. Based on well-established cohorts, omics-based methods can greatly enhance the mechanistic understanding of diseases, contributing to the development of new diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines for emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Low Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure Induces Pulmonary Thrombocytopenia in Patients and a Mouse Model.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limeng Wu ◽  
Ninghong Guo ◽  
Zhenyan Xu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Qinmei Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure

Abstract Background: Recent basic studies demonstrate that the lung is a primary organ of platelet biogenesis. However, whether the pathophysiological state of the lung affect the platelets is little known. We aim to investigate the incidence of thrombocytopenia in patients with pulmonary infection (PIN) and risk factors associated with pulmonary thrombocytopenia.Methods: In total, 11941 patients with pulmonary infection (PIN) were enrolled, and patients with other three infectious diseases were collected as controls. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was compared, and the risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia in PIN patients were investigated by multivariate analysis. To explore the mechanism of thrombocytopenia, hypoxic model was constructed. Blood platelet counts from the angular vein (PLTs), left ventricle (PLTpost) and right ventricle (PLTpre) were determined. Megakaryocytes identified by anti-CD41 antibody were detected through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence.Results: The incidence of thrombocytopenia in PIN was higher than that in other three infectious diseases (9.8% vs 6.4%~5.0%, P<0.001). Low arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) was an important risk factor for thrombocytopenia (OR=0.88; P<0.001). In a hypoxic mouse model, PLTs decreased (518.38±127.92 vs 840.75±77.30, P<0.05), which showed that low PaO2 induced thrombocytopenia. The difference between the PLTpost and PLTpre (△PLTpost-pre), representing the production of platelets in the lungs, was significantly attenuated in hypoxic mice when compared with normoxic mice (F=25.47, P<0.05). Additionally, proportions of CD41-positive megakaryocytes in the lungs, marrow, spleen all decreased in hypoxic mice.Conclusion: There is a high incidence for thrombocytopenia in PIN patients. Low PaO2-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with impaired generation of platelet in the lungs.

scholarly journals Education on Disease Risk Factors in Adapting New Habits to Prospective Hajj Pilgrims at KBHI Bisri-Pusri Palembang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Emma Novita Emma ◽  
Agita Diora Fitri ◽  
Tia Sabrina ◽  
Andyra Priandhana ◽  
Muhammad Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Early Detection And Prevention

Health istitha'ah is the health ability of the pilgrims physically and mentally with a measurable health assesment. It is essential for every citizen who will perform the hajj pilgrimage. The Indonesian Ministry of Health through the Non-Infectious Disease Integrated Service Post (Posbindu PTM) implements an early detection and prevention program for non-infectious diseases in sub-districts, schools or colleges, institutions or workplaces, and Hajj guidance groups (KBIH) especially for pilgrims. The department of public health and community medicine (IKM-IKK) of the Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University perform an education on the detection of risk factors for non-infectious diseases and physical fitness assesment of prospective pilgrims in the context of community service activities at KBIH Bisri Palembang. Examinations were done on 40 prospective pilgrims using the Rockport test method. The results of the examination showed that the 24 pilgrims had moderate fitness level (60%). The blood pressure test results showed that 9 pilgrims had hypertension (22%) and the nutritional status test showed that 20 pilgrims were overweight and obese (38.5%). In addition, there is an assesment for prospective hajj pilgrims in order to understanding risk factors for non-infectious diseases. The result shows that there is a significant increase in understanding about non-infectious diseases in the adaptation of new habits.      

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