Nineteenth Century

Magnetic Effect ◽

Second Law ◽

Experimental Demonstration ◽

Electrical Currents ◽

Mechanical Equivalent ◽

Romantic Movement

The Romantic Movement gave impetus to a process of unifying the forces of nature – an impetus that bore fruit in, especially, Oersted’s demonstraton of the magnetic effect of electrical currents (1820) and Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism (1865). Also, during this period Sadi Carnot articulated the first version of the second law of thermodynamics (1836) while James Joule’s painstaking experimental demonstration of the mechanical equivalent of heat (1847) is an essential foundation of the first law of thermodynamics.

The wormhole thermodynamics in f (R ) gravity

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732319503607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (04) ◽

pp. 1950360 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. S. Sefiedgar ◽

M. Mirzazadeh

Keyword(s):

Continuity Equation ◽

Energy Momentum Tensor ◽

Apparent Horizon ◽

Momentum Tensor ◽

Second Law ◽

Standard Entropy ◽

Field Equations ◽

Generalized Second Law

Thermodynamics of the evolving Lorentzian wormhole at the apparent horizon is investigated in [Formula: see text] gravity. Redefining the energy density and the pressure, the continuity equation is satisfied and the field equations in [Formula: see text] gravity reduce to the ones in general relativity. However, the energy–momentum tensor includes all the corrections from [Formula: see text] gravity. Therefore, one can apply the standard entropy-area relation within [Formula: see text] gravity. It is shown that there may be an equivalency between the field equations and the first law of thermodynamics. It seems that an equilibrium thermodynamics may be held on the apparent horizon. The validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSL) is also investigated in the wormholes.

A Derivation of the Main Relations of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics

ISRN Thermodynamics ◽

10.1155/2013/906136 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vladimir N. Pokrovskii

Keyword(s):

Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽

Thermodynamic System ◽

Internal Variables ◽

Second Law ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Sum Of Products ◽

Thermodynamic Forces ◽

Production Of Entropy

The principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are discussed, using the concept of internal variables that describe deviations of a thermodynamic system from the equilibrium state. While considering the first law of thermodynamics, work of internal variables is taken into account. It is shown that the requirement that the thermodynamic system cannot fulfil any work via internal variables is equivalent to the conventional formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. These statements, in line with the axioms introducing internal variables can be considered as basic principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. While considering stationary nonequilibrium situations close to equilibrium, it is shown that known linear parities between thermodynamic forces and fluxes and also the production of entropy, as a sum of products of thermodynamic forces and fluxes, are consequences of fundamental principles of thermodynamics.

Thermodynamical Study of FRW Universe in Quasi-Topological Theory

Advances in High Energy Physics ◽

10.1155/2016/7248520 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Moradpour ◽

R. Dehghani

Keyword(s):

Energy Exchange ◽

Apparent Horizon ◽

Second Law ◽

Frw Universe ◽

Topological Theory ◽

Horizon Entropy ◽

Topological Gravity ◽

Entropy Relation

By applying the unified first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon of FRW universe, we get the entropy relation for the apparent horizon in quasi-topological gravity theory. Throughout the paper, the results of considering the Hayward-Kodama and Cai-Kim temperatures are also addressed. Our study shows that whenever there is no energy exchange between the various parts of cosmos, we can get an expression for the apparent horizon entropy in quasi-topological gravity, which is in agreement with other attempts that followed different approaches. The effects of a mutual interaction between the various parts of cosmos on the apparent horizon entropy as well as the validity of second law of thermodynamics in quasi-topological gravity are perused.

A Scientific Reading of Levinas’ Response to Heidegger: The Redemptive Edge of Time

KronoScope ◽

10.1163/156852412x631655 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 73-89

Author(s):

David Grandy

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Martin Heidegger ◽

Emmanuel Levinas ◽

Physical Science ◽

Second Law ◽

Arrow Of Time ◽

Self Identity ◽

Heat Death

AbstractIn responding to Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Levinas characterized time as revelatory and redemptive. For Levinas, Heideggerian being was self-contained and self-identical, and therefore unable to generate the sense of novel possibility which occasions the fleeting present. Something similar to Heideggerian Being may be said to have taken hold in the nineteenth century with the development of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics was portrayed as the “arrow of time” moving inevitably toward universal heat death—cosmic stasis or self-identity. I argue that modern physical science itself does not fully validate this portrayal. There are, at the metaphysical level, explanatory gaps or openings which suggest other, more hopeful possibilities. These openings, I submit, are analogous to the ruptures of otherness which Levinas identified with the generosity of being and time’s redemptive aspect.

COMMENT ON "EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF VIOLATIONS OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR SMALL SYSTEMS AND SHORT TIME SCALES"

Fluctuation and Noise Letters ◽

10.1142/s021947750500277x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 05 (02) ◽

pp. C23-C24

Author(s):

THEO M. NIEUWENHUIZEN ◽

ARMEN E. ALLAHVERDYAN

Keyword(s):

Entropy Production ◽

Time Scales ◽

Individual Particle ◽

Second Law ◽

Colloidal System ◽

Experimental Demonstration ◽

Particle Trajectories ◽

Small Systems ◽

Short Time

In a recent paper Wang et al. [1] report for a colloidal system the entropy production in individual particle trajectories. Some of the trajectories have a negative production, and this is claimed to violate the second law. We stressed that the second law only demands the entropy production averaged over all trajectories to be positive, and this is the case for the data of Wang et al.

Volume 7: Education; Industrial and Cogeneration; Marine; Oil and Gas Applications ◽

On the Teaching of Performance Evaluation and Assessment of a Combined Cycle Cogeneration System

10.1115/gt2008-50859 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

A. O¨zer Arnas ◽

Daisie D. Boettner ◽

Seth A. Norberg ◽

Gunnar Tamm ◽

Jason R. Whipple

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Second Law ◽

Systematic Fashion ◽

Cogeneration System ◽

The Subject ◽

Alternative Designs ◽

Evaluation And Assessment

Performance evaluation and assessment of combined cycle cogeneration systems are not taught well in academia. One reason is these parameters are scattered in the literature with each publication starting and ending at different stages. In many institutions professors do not discuss or even mention these topics, particularly from a second law perspective. When teaching combined cycle cogeneration systems to undergraduates, the professor should introduce pertinent parameters in a systematic fashion and discuss the usefulness and limitations of each parameter. Ultimately for a given situation, the student should be able to determine which parameters form the most appropriate basis for comparison when considering alternative designs. This paper provides two approaches, one based on energy (the First Law of Thermodynamics) and the other based on exergy (the Second Law of Thermodynamics). These approaches are discussed with emphasis on the “precise” teaching of the subject matter to undergraduates. The intent is to make coverage of the combined cycle cogeneration systems manageable so that professors can appropriately incorporate the topic into the curricula with relative ease.

Thermodynamics in the Universe Described by the Emergence of Space and the Energy Balance Relation

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e21020167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Fei-Quan Tu ◽

Yi-Xin Chen ◽

Qi-Hong Huang

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Present Model ◽

Thermodynamic Description ◽

Energy Condition ◽

Second Law ◽

Generalized Second Law ◽

Balance Relation ◽

The Universe

It has previously been shown that it is more common to describe the evolution of the universe based on the emergence of space and the energy balance relation. Here we investigate the thermodynamic properties of the universe described by such a model. We show that the first law of thermodynamics and the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) are both satisfied and the weak energy condition are also fulfilled for two typical examples. Finally, we examine the physical consistency for the present model. The results show that there exists a good thermodynamic description for such a universe.

Thermodynamics in f(T) Gravity with Nonminimal Coupling to Matter

Advances in High Energy Physics ◽

10.1155/2017/6839050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tahereh Azizi ◽

Najibeh Borhani

Keyword(s):

Apparent Horizon ◽

Second Law ◽

Nonminimal Coupling ◽

Field Equations ◽

Torsion Scalar ◽

Arbitrary Coupling ◽

Friedmann Robertson Walker

In the present paper, we study the thermodynamics behavior of the field equations for the generalized f(T) gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and the torsion scalar. In this regard, we explore the verification of the first law of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe in two different perspectives, namely, the nonequilibrium and equilibrium descriptions of thermodynamics. Furthermore, we investigate the validity of the second law of thermodynamics for both descriptions of this scenario with the assumption that the temperature of matter inside the horizon is similar to that of horizon.

On the Teaching of Performance Evaluation and Assessment of a Combined Cycle Cogeneration System

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.3124114 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Özer Arnas ◽

Daisie D. Boettner ◽

Seth A. Norberg ◽

Gunnar Tamm ◽

Jason R. Whipple

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Second Law ◽

Systematic Fashion ◽

Cogeneration System ◽

The Subject ◽

Alternative Designs ◽

Evaluation And Assessment

Performance evaluation and assessment of combined cycle cogeneration systems are not taught well in academia. One reason is these parameters are scattered in the literature with each publication starting and ending at different stages. In many institutions professors do not discuss or even mention these topics, particularly from a second law perspective. When teaching combined cycle cogeneration systems to undergraduates, the professor should introduce pertinent parameters in a systematic fashion and discuss the usefulness and limitations of each parameter. Ultimately for a given situation, the student should be able to determine which parameters form the most appropriate basis for comparison when considering alternative designs. This paper provides two approaches, one based on energy (the first law of thermodynamics) and the other based on exergy (the second law of thermodynamics). These approaches are discussed with emphasis on the “precise” teaching of the subject matter to undergraduates. The intent is to make coverage of the combined cycle cogeneration systems manageable so that professors can appropriately incorporate the topic into the curricula with relative ease.

ENTROPY OF A HARMONIC OSCILLATOR IN CONTACT WITH A SQUEEZED RESERVOIR

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s021797929100033x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 545-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ROBERT R. TUCCI

Keyword(s):

Harmonic Oscillator ◽

Second Law ◽

Duhem Equation ◽

Random Energy ◽

Thermodynamic Entropy ◽

Two Temperatures ◽

Minimum Uncertainty ◽

Derivatives Of

We consider a harmonic oscillator (h.o.) in contact with a non-minimum uncertainty squeezed reservoir (but isolated from contact with other non-squeezed reservoirs). We calculate the h.o.’s density matrix and thermodynamic entropy. We interpret the derivatives of the entropy in terms of two temperatures, one for each quadrature of the reservoir. A change in the total (random) energy of the h.o. is shown to equal the sum of changes in the energies of each h.o. quadrature separately (a version of the First Law of thermodynamics). A change in the total entropy of the h.o. system is likewise shown to equal the sum of changes in the entropies of each h.o. quadrature separately (Second Law of thermodynamics). We also present equations that correspond to the so called “Fundamemental equation” and “Gibbs-Duhem equation” for the h.o system under consideration.