scholarly journals A conserved bacterial protein induces pancreatic beta cell expansion during zebrafish development

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hampton Hill ◽  
Eric A Franzosa ◽  
Curtis Huttenhower ◽  
Karen Guillemin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Early Larval Development

Resident microbes play important roles in the development of the gastrointestinal tract, but their influence on other digestive organs is less well explored. Using the gnotobiotic zebrafish, we discovered that the normal expansion of the pancreatic β cell population during early larval development requires the intestinal microbiota and that specific bacterial members can restore normal β cell numbers. These bacteria share a gene that encodes a previously undescribed protein, named herein BefA (β Cell Expansion Factor A), which is sufficient to induce β cell proliferation in developing zebrafish larvae. Homologs of BefA are present in several human-associated bacterial species, and we show that they have conserved capacity to stimulate β cell proliferation in larval zebrafish. Our findings highlight a role for the microbiota in early pancreatic β cell development and suggest a possible basis for the association between low diversity childhood fecal microbiota and increased diabetes risk.

scholarly journals Obesity-Induced miR-455 Upregulation Promotes Adaptive Pancreatic β-cell Proliferation Through the CPEB1/CDKN1B Pathway

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Qianxing Hu ◽  
Jinming Mu ◽  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Mirna Pathway

Pancreatic β-cell adapt to compensate for increased metabolic demand during obesity. Although the microRNA (miRNA) pathway has an essential role in β-cell expansion, whether it is involved in adaptive proliferation is largely unknown. First, we report that EGR2 binding to the miR-455 promoter induced miR-455 upregulation in the pancreatic islets of obesity mouse models. Then, in vitro gain- or loss-of-function studies showed that miR-455 overexpression facilitated β-cell proliferation. Knockdown of miR-455 in ob/ob mice via pancreatic intraductal infusion prevented compensatory β-cell expansion. Mechanistically, our results revealed that increased miR-455 expression inhibits the expression of its target cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1), an mRNA binding protein that plays an important role in regulating insulin resistance and cell proliferation. Decreased CPEB1 expression inhibits elongation of the poly-A tail and the subsequent translation of Cdkn1b mRNA, reducing the CDKN1B expression level and finally promoting β-cell proliferation. Taken together, our results show that the miR-455/CPEB1/CDKN1B pathway contributes to adaptive proliferation of β-cells to meet metabolic demand during obesity.

scholarly journals Obesity-Induced miR-455 Upregulation Promotes Adaptive Pancreatic β-cell Proliferation Through the CPEB1/CDKN1B Pathway

Diabetes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianxing Hu ◽  
Jinming Mu ◽  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Mirna Pathway

Pancreatic β-cell adapt to compensate for increased metabolic demand during obesity. Although the microRNA (miRNA) pathway has an essential role in β-cell expansion, whether it is involved in adaptive proliferation is largely unknown. First, we report that EGR2 binding to the miR-455 promoter induced miR-455 upregulation in the pancreatic islets of obesity mouse models. Then, in vitro gain- or loss-of-function studies showed that miR-455 overexpression facilitated β-cell proliferation. Knockdown of miR-455 in ob/ob mice via pancreatic intraductal infusion prevented compensatory β-cell expansion. Mechanistically, our results revealed that increased miR-455 expression inhibits the expression of its target cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1), an mRNA binding protein that plays an important role in regulating insulin resistance and cell proliferation. Decreased CPEB1 expression inhibits elongation of the poly-A tail and the subsequent translation of Cdkn1b mRNA, reducing the CDKN1B expression level and finally promoting β-cell proliferation. Taken together, our results show that the miR-455/CPEB1/CDKN1B pathway contributes to adaptive proliferation of β-cells to meet metabolic demand during obesity.

scholarly journals Obesity-Induced miR-455 Upregulation Promotes Adaptive Pancreatic β-cell Proliferation Through the CPEB1/CDKN1B Pathway

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Qianxing Hu ◽  
Jinming Mu ◽  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Mirna Pathway

Pancreatic β-cell adapt to compensate for increased metabolic demand during obesity. Although the microRNA (miRNA) pathway has an essential role in β-cell expansion, whether it is involved in adaptive proliferation is largely unknown. First, we report that EGR2 binding to the miR-455 promoter induced miR-455 upregulation in the pancreatic islets of obesity mouse models. Then, in vitro gain- or loss-of-function studies showed that miR-455 overexpression facilitated β-cell proliferation. Knockdown of miR-455 in ob/ob mice via pancreatic intraductal infusion prevented compensatory β-cell expansion. Mechanistically, our results revealed that increased miR-455 expression inhibits the expression of its target cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1), an mRNA binding protein that plays an important role in regulating insulin resistance and cell proliferation. Decreased CPEB1 expression inhibits elongation of the poly-A tail and the subsequent translation of Cdkn1b mRNA, reducing the CDKN1B expression level and finally promoting β-cell proliferation. Taken together, our results show that the miR-455/CPEB1/CDKN1B pathway contributes to adaptive proliferation of β-cells to meet metabolic demand during obesity.

INCRETIN AND DIABETES

2011 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Huu Dang Tran
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Glucose

The incretins are peptide hormones secreted from the gut in response to food. They increase the secretion of insulin. The incretin response is reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes so drugs acting on incretins may improve glycaemic control. Incretins are metabolised by dipeptidyl peptidase, so selectively inhibiting this enzyme increases the concentration of circulating incretins. A similar effect results from giving an incretin analogue that cannot be cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase. Studies have identified other actions including improvement in pancreatic β cell glucose sensitivity and, in animal studies, promotion of pancreatic β cell proliferation and reduction in β cell apoptosis.

scholarly journals Ontology of the apelinergic system in mouse pancreas during pregnancy and relationship with β-cell mass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Strutt ◽  
Sandra Szlapinski ◽  
Thineesha Gnaneswaran ◽  
Sarah Donegan ◽  
Jessica Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion

AbstractThe apelin receptor (Aplnr) and its ligands, Apelin and Apela, contribute to metabolic control. The insulin resistance associated with pregnancy is accommodated by an expansion of pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) and increased insulin secretion, involving the proliferation of insulin-expressing, glucose transporter 2-low (Ins+Glut2LO) progenitor cells. We examined changes in the apelinergic system during normal mouse pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by glucose intolerance with reduced BCM. Expression of Aplnr, Apelin and Apela was quantified in Ins+Glut2LO cells isolated from mouse pancreata and found to be significantly higher than in mature β-cells by DNA microarray and qPCR. Apelin was localized to most β-cells by immunohistochemistry although Aplnr was predominantly associated with Ins+Glut2LO cells. Aplnr-staining cells increased three- to four-fold during pregnancy being maximal at gestational days (GD) 9–12 but were significantly reduced in glucose intolerant mice. Apelin-13 increased β-cell proliferation in isolated mouse islets and INS1E cells, but not glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Glucose intolerant pregnant mice had significantly elevated serum Apelin levels at GD 9 associated with an increased presence of placental IL-6. Placental expression of the apelinergic axis remained unaltered, however. Results show that the apelinergic system is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cell progenitors and may contribute to β-cell proliferation in pregnancy.

scholarly journals RIG-I inhibits pancreatic β cell proliferation through competitive binding of activated Src

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Pan ◽  
GuangMing Li ◽  
HengGao Zhong ◽  
MeiJuan Chen ◽  
TingTing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell

Reduced Compensatory β-Cell Proliferation in Nfatc3-Deficient Mice Fed on High-Fat Diet

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hu ◽  
Fengli He ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Hairong Luo ◽  
Luo Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
Mouse Islets ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background High-fat-diet induces pancreatic β-cell compensatory proliferation, and impairments in pancreatic β-cell proliferation and function can lead to defects in insulin secretion and diabetes. NFATc3 is important for HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. But it is unknown whether NFATc3 is required for β cell compensatory growth in mice fed with HFD. Methods NFATc3 mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively, in pancreatic islets of WT mice fed on HFD for 12–20 weeks. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of NFATc3 were conducted in Min6 cells and cultured primary mouse islets. NFATc3-/- mice and WT control mice were fed with HFD and metabolic and functional parameters were measured. Results We observed that the NFATc3 expression level was reduced in the islets of high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of NFATc3 enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell gene expression in cultured primary mouse islets. Nfatc3-/- mice initially developed similar glucose tolerance at 2–4 weeks after HFD feeding than HFD-fed WT mice, but Nfatc3-/- mice developed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after 8 weeks of HFD feeding compared to Nfatc3+/+fed with HFD. Furthermore, Nfatc3-/- mice on HFD exhibited decreased β-cell mass and reduced expression of genes important for β-cell proliferation and function compared to Nfatc3+/+mice on HFD. Conclusions The findings suggested that NFATc3 played a role in maintaining the pancreatic β-cell compensatory growth and gene expression in response to obesity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document