scholarly journals Collagen IV and basement membrane at the evolutionary dawn of metazoan tissues

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron L Fidler ◽  
Carl E Darris ◽  
Sergei V Chetyrkin ◽  
Vadim K Pedchenko ◽  
Sergei P Boudko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Cellular Microenvironment ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
Bilaterian Animal ◽  
Extracellular Microenvironment ◽  
Evolutionary Role ◽  
Architectural Unit

The role of the cellular microenvironment in enabling metazoan tissue genesis remains obscure. Ctenophora has recently emerged as one of the earliest-branching extant animal phyla, providing a unique opportunity to explore the evolutionary role of the cellular microenvironment in tissue genesis. Here, we characterized the extracellular matrix (ECM), with a focus on collagen IV and its variant, spongin short-chain collagens, of non-bilaterian animal phyla. We identified basement membrane (BM) and collagen IV in Ctenophora, and show that the structural and genomic features of collagen IV are homologous to those of non-bilaterian animal phyla and Bilateria. Yet, ctenophore features are more diverse and distinct, expressing up to twenty genes compared to six in vertebrates. Moreover, collagen IV is absent in unicellular sister-groups. Collectively, we conclude that collagen IV and its variant, spongin, are primordial components of the extracellular microenvironment, and as a component of BM, collagen IV enabled the assembly of a fundamental architectural unit for multicellular tissue genesis.

scholarly journals The Absence of Nidogen 1 Does Not Affect Murine Basement Membrane Formation

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 7007-7012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzur Murshed ◽  
Neil Smyth ◽  
Nicolai Miosge ◽  
Jörg Karolat ◽  
Thomas Krieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Membrane Formation ◽  
Nidogen 1

ABSTRACT Nidogen 1 is a highly conserved protein in mammals,Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and ascidians and is found in all basement membranes. It has been proposed that nidogen 1 connects the laminin and collagen IV networks, so stabilizing the basement membrane, and integrates other proteins, including perlecan, into the basement membrane. To define the role of nidogen 1 in basement membranes in vivo, we produced a null mutation of the NID-1 gene in embryonic stem cells and used these to derive mouse lines. Homozygous animals produce neither nidogen 1 mRNA nor protein. Surprisingly, they show no overt abnormalities and are fertile, their basement membrane structures appearing normal. Nidogen 2 staining is increased in certain basement membranes, where it is normally only found in scant amounts. This occurs by either redistribution from other extracellular matrices or unmasking of nidogen 2 epitopes, as its production does not appear to be upregulated. The results show that nidogen 1 is not required for basement membrane formation or maintenance.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of bdelloid rotifers: evaluating the effects of asexuality and desiccation tolerance on genome evolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben W. Nowell ◽  
Pedro Almeida ◽  
Christopher G. Wilson ◽  
Thomas P. Smith ◽  
Diego Fontaneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Bdelloid Rotifers ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Animal Phyla

AbstractBdelloid rotifers are microscopic invertebrates that have existed for millions of years apparently without sex or meiosis. They inhabit a variety of temporary and permanent freshwater habitats globally, and many species are remarkably tolerant of desiccation. Bdelloids offer an opportunity to better understand the evolution of sex and recombination, but previous work has emphasized desiccation as the cause of several unusual genomic features in this group. Here, we evaluate the relative effects of asexuality and desiccation tolerance on genome evolution by comparing whole genome sequences for three bdelloid species: Adineta ricciae (desiccation tolerant), Rotaria macrura and Rotaria magnacalcarata (both desiccation intolerant) to the only published bdelloid genome to date, that of Adineta vaga (also desiccation tolerant). We find that tetraploidy is conserved among all four bdelloid species, but homologous divergence in obligately aquatic Rotaria genomes is low, well within the range observed between alleles in obligately sexual, diploid animals. In addition, we find that homologous regions in A. ricciae are largely collinear and do not form palindromic repeats as observed in the published A. vaga assembly. These findings are contrary to current understanding of the role of desiccation in shaping the bdelloid genome, and indicate that various features interpreted as genomic evidence for long-term ameiotic evolution are not general to all bdelloid species, even within the same genus. Finally, we substantiate previous findings of high levels of horizontally transferred non-metazoan genes encoded in both desiccating and non-desiccating bdelloid species, and show that this is a unique feature of bdelloids among related animal phyla. Comparisons within bdelloids and to other desiccation-tolerant animals, however, again call into question the purported role of desiccation in horizontal transfer.

scholarly journals Peroxidasin Enhances Basal Phenotype and Inhibits Branching Morphogenesis in Breast Epithelial Progenitor Cell Line D492

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karen Sigurdardottir ◽  
Arna Steinunn Jonasdottir ◽  
Arni Asbjarnarson ◽  
Hildur Run Helgudottir ◽  
Thorarinn Gudjonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Epithelial Differentiation ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Basal Phenotype ◽  
Breast Epithelial

AbstractThe human breast is composed of terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) that are surrounded by stroma. In the TDLUs, basement membrane separates the stroma from the epithelial compartment, which is divided into an inner layer of luminal epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. Stem cells and progenitor cells also reside within the epithelium and drive a continuous cycle of gland remodelling that occurs throughout the reproductive period. D492 is an epithelial cell line originally isolated from the stem cell population of the breast and generates both luminal and myoepithelial cells in culture. When D492 cells are embedded into 3D reconstituted basement membrane matrix (3D-rBM) they form branching colonies mimicking the TDLUs of the breast, thereby providing a well-suited in vitro model for studies on branching morphogenesis and breast development. Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a heme-containing peroxidase that crosslinks collagen IV with the formation of sulfilimine bonds. Previous studies indicate that PXDN plays an integral role in basement membrane stabilisation by crosslinking collagen IV and as such contributes to epithelial integrity. Although PXDN has been linked to fibrosis and cancer in some organs there is limited information on its role in development, including in the breast. In this study, we demonstrate expression of PXDN in breast epithelium and stroma and apply the D492 cell line to investigate the role of PXDN in cell differentiation and branching morphogenesis in the human breast. Overexpression of PXDN induced basal phenotype in D492 cells, loss of plasticity and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as is displayed by complete inhibition of branching morphogenesis in 3D culture. This is supported by results from RNA-sequencing which show significant enrichment in genes involved in epithelial differentiation along with significant negative enrichment of EMT factors. Taken together, we provide evidence for a novel role of PXDN in breast epithelial differentiation and mammary gland development.

Cardiac myocytes cultured on a basement membrane extract of the ehs tumor

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
L. Terracio ◽  
A. Dewey ◽  
K. Rubin ◽  
T.K. Borg
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Basement Membrane Extract ◽  
Membrane Extract ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

The recognition and interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) effects the normal physiology as well as the pathology of all multicellular organisms. These interactions have been shown to influence the growth, development, and maintenance of normal tissue function. In previous studies, we have shown that neonatal cardiac myocytes specifically interacts with a variety of ECM components including fibronectin, laminin, and collagens I, III and IV. Culturing neonatal myocytes on laminin and collagen IV induces an increased rate of both cell spreading and sarcomerogenesis.

Evolutionary role of the community pharmacist A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Firdous Fatima ◽  
◽  
Bushra Ali Sherazi
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Evolutionary Role

scholarly journals Basement membrane collagen IV deficiency promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Steffensen ◽  
J. Stubbe ◽  
J. S. Lindholt ◽  
H. C. Beck ◽  
M. Overgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Mammary Arteries ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex disease which is incompletely accounted for. Basement membrane (BM) Collagen IV (COL4A1/A2) is abundant in the artery wall, and several lines of evidence indicate a protective role of baseline COL4A1/A2 in AAA development. Using Col4a1/a2 hemizygous knockout mice (Col4a1/a2+/−, 129Svj background) we show that partial Col4a1/a2 deficiency augmented AAA formation. Although unchallenged aortas were morphometrically and biomechanically unaffected by genotype, explorative proteomic analyses of aortas revealed a clear reduction in BM components and contractile vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proteins, suggesting a central effect of the BM in maintaining VSMCs in the contractile phenotype. These findings were translated to human arteries by showing that COL4A1/A2 correlated to BM proteins and VSMC markers in non-lesioned internal mammary arteries obtained from coronary artery bypass procedures. Moreover, in human AAA tissue, MYH11 (VSMC marker) was depleted in areas of reduced COL4 as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, circulating COL4A1 degradation fragments correlated with AAA progression in the largest Danish AAA cohort, suggesting COL4A1/A2 proteolysis to be an important feature of AAA formation. In sum, we identify COL4A1/A2 as a critical regulator of VSMC phenotype and a protective factor in AAA formation.

scholarly journals Macrophages adhere to glucose-modified basement membrane collagen IV via their scavenger receptors.

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (14) ◽  
pp. 10197-10200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. el Khoury ◽  
C.A. Thomas ◽  
J.D. Loike ◽  
S.E. Hickman ◽  
L. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Scavenger Receptors ◽  
Basement Membrane Collagen ◽  
Membrane Collagen
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