scholarly journals Persistent activity in a recurrent circuit underlies courtship memory in Drosophila

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Zhao ◽  
Daniela Lenek ◽  
Ugur Dag ◽  
Barry J Dickson ◽  
Krystyna Keleman
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Persistent Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

Recurrent connections are thought to be a common feature of the neural circuits that encode memories, but how memories are laid down in such circuits is not fully understood. Here we present evidence that courtship memory in Drosophila relies on the recurrent circuit between mushroom body gamma (MBγ), M6 output, and aSP13 dopaminergic neurons. We demonstrate persistent neuronal activity of aSP13 neurons and show that it transiently potentiates synaptic transmission from MBγ>M6 neurons. M6 neurons in turn provide input to aSP13 neurons, prolonging potentiation of MBγ>M6 synapses over time periods that match short-term memory. These data support a model in which persistent aSP13 activity within a recurrent circuit lays the foundation for a short-term memory.

scholarly journals A Diverse Range of Factors Affect the Nature of Neural Representations Underlying Short-Term Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Emin Orhan ◽  
Wei Ji Ma
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Persistent Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Complexity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Models ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSequential and persistent activity models are two prominent models of short-term memory in neural circuits. In persistent activity models, memories are represented in persistent or nearly persistent activity patterns across a population of neurons, whereas in sequential models, memories are represented dynamically by a sequential pattern of activity across the population. Experimental evidence for both types of model in the brain has been reported previously. However, it has been unclear under what conditions these two qualitatively different types of solutions emerge in neural circuits. Here, we address this question by training recurrent neural networks on several short-term memory tasks under a wide range of circuit and task manipulations. We show that sequential and nearly persistent solutions are both part of a spectrum that emerges naturally in trained networks under different conditions. Fixed delay durations, tasks with higher temporal complexity, strong network coupling, motion-related dynamic inputs and prior training in a different task favor more sequential solutions, whereas variable delay durations, tasks with low temporal complexity, weak network coupling and symmetric Hebbian short-term synaptic plasticity favor more persistent solutions. Our results help clarify some seemingly contradictory experimental results on the existence of sequential vs. persistent activity based memory mechanisms in the brain.

scholarly journals Dopamine affects short-term memory corruption over time in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean James Fallon ◽  
Matthew Gowell ◽  
Maria Raquel Maio ◽  
Masud Husain
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Over Time

Working memory: Unemployed but still doing day labor

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-769
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Ruchkin ◽  
Jordan Grafman ◽  
Katherine Cameron ◽  
Rita S. Berndt
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Target Article

The goal of our target article is to establish that electrophysiological data constrain models of short-term memory retention operations to schemes in which activated long-term memory is its representational basis. The temporary stores correspond to neural circuits involved in the perception and subsequent processing of the relevant information, and do not involve specialized neural circuits dedicated to the temporary holding of information outside of those embedded in long-term memory. The commentaries ranged from general agreement with the view that short-term memory stores correspond to activated long-term memory (e.g., Abry, Sato, Schwartz, Loevenbruck & Cathiard [Abry etal.], Cowan, Fuster, Grote, Hickok & Buchsbaum, Keenan, Hyönä & Kaakinen [Keenan et al.], Martin, Morra), to taking a definite exception to this view (e.g., Baddeley, Düzel, Logie & Della Sala, Kroger, Majerus, Van der Linden, Colette & Salmon [Majerus et al.], Vallar).

(Eye) tracking short-term memory over time

Aphasiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 536-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Papagno ◽  
E. Bricolo ◽  
D. Mussi ◽  
R. Daini ◽  
C. Cecchetto
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Acute Paraxanthine Ingestion Improves Cognition and Short-Term Memory and Helps Sustain Attention in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3980
Author(s):  
Choongsung Yoo ◽  
Dante Xing ◽  
Drew Gonzalez ◽  
Victoria Jenkins ◽  
Kay Nottingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the effects of acute paraxanthine (PXN) ingestion on markers of cognition, executive function, and psychomotor vigilance. In a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, and counterbalanced manner, 13 healthy male and female participants were randomly assigned to consume a placebo (PLA) or 200 mg of PXN (ENFINITY™, Ingenious Ingredients, L.P.). Participants completed stimulant sensitivity and side effect questionnaires and then performed the Berg Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (BCST), the Go/No-Go test (GNG), the Sternberg task test (STT), and the psychomotor vigilance task test (PVTT). Participants then ingested one capsule of PLA or PXN treatment. Participants completed side effect and cognitive function tests after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after ingestion of the supplement. After 7 days, participants repeated the experiment while consuming the alternative treatment. Data were analyzed by general linear model (GLM) univariate analyses with repeated measures using body mass as a covariate, and by assessing mean and percent changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) expressed as means (LL, UL). PXN decreased BCST errors (PXN −4.7 [−0.2, −9.20], p = 0.04; PXN −17.5% [−36.1, 1.0], p = 0.06) and perseverative errors (PXN −2.2 [−4.2, −0.2], p = 0.03; PXN −32.8% [−64.4, 1.2], p = 0.04) at hour 6. GNG analysis revealed some evidence that PXN ingestion better maintained mean accuracy over time and Condition R Round 2 response time (e.g., PXN −25.1 [−52.2, 1.9] ms, p = 0.07 faster than PLA at 1 h), suggesting better sustained attention. PXN ingestion improved STT two-letter length absent and present reaction times over time as well as improving six-letter length absent reaction time after 2 h (PXN −86.5 ms [−165, −7.2], p = 0.03; PXN −9.0% [−18.1, 0.2], p = 0.05), suggesting that PXN enhanced the ability to store and retrieve random information of increasing complexity from short-term memory. A moderate treatment x time effect size (ηp2 = 0.08) was observed in PVTT, where PXN sustained vigilance during Trial 2 after 2 h (PXN 840 ms [103, 1576], p = 0.03) and 4 h (PXN 1466 ms [579, 2353], p = 0.002) compared to PL. As testing progressed, the response time improved during the 20 trials and over the course of the 6 h experiment in the PXN treatment, whereas it significantly increased in the PL group. The results suggest that acute PXN ingestion (200 mg) may affect some measures of short-term memory, reasoning, and response time to cognitive challenges and help sustain attention.

scholarly journals Discrete attractor dynamics underlying selective persistent activity in frontal cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiko K. Inagaki ◽  
Lorenzo Fontolan ◽  
Sandro Romani ◽  
Karel Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Persistent Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Attractor Dynamics ◽  
Response Task

AbstractShort-term memories link events separated in time, such as past sensation and future actions. Short-term memories are correlated with selective persistent activity, which can be maintained over seconds. In a delayed response task that requires short-term memory, neurons in mouse anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) show persistent activity that instructs future actions. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this persistent activity we combined intracellular and extracellular electrophysiology with optogenetic perturbations and network modeling. During the delay epoch, both membrane potential and population activity of ALM neurons funneled towards discrete endpoints related to specific movement directions. These endpoints were robust to transient shifts in ALM activity caused by optogenetic perturbations. Perturbations occasionally switched the population dynamics to the other endpoint, followed by incorrect actions. Our results are consistent with discrete attractor dynamics underlying short-term memory related to motor planning.

scholarly journals Forced exercise activates the NrF2 pathway in the striatum and ameliorates motor and behavioral manifestations of Parkinson's disease in rotenone-treated rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Monir ◽  
Motamed Mahmoud ◽  
Omyma Galal ◽  
Ibrahim Rehan ◽  
Amany Abdelrahman
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway

Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons leading to dopamine depletion and problems of movement, emotions and cognition. While the pathogenesis of PD is not clear, damage of dopaminergic neurons by oxygen-derived free radicals is considered an important contributing mechanism.This study aimed to evaluate the role of treadmill exercise in male Wister rats as a single treatment and as an aid-therapy with L-dopa for rotenone-induced PD. To study the role of NRF2-ARE pathway as a mechanism involved in exercise associated improvement in rotenone rat model of PD.Method: Animals were divided into 5 groups, (Control, rotenone, rotenone\exercise, rotenone\L-dopa, and rotenone\exercise\L-dopa (combination) groups). After the PD induction, rats in the rotenone\exercise and combination groups were daily treadmill exercised for 4 weeks.Results: Treadmill exercise significantly improved behavioral and motor aspects of rotenone model of PD. When treadmill exercise introduced as a single intervention, it amended most behavioral aspects of PD, gait fully corrected, short-term memory, and motor coordination. Where L-dopa corrected locomotor activity and motor co-ordination but failed to improve short-term memory and only partially corrected the gait of rotenone-treated rats. When treadmill exercise was combined with L-dopa, all features of PD were corrected. It was found that exercise upregulated some of its associative genes to NRF2 pathways such as TFAM, NRF2, Noq.1 mRNA expression.Conclusion: This study suggests that forced exercise improved parkinsonian like features by activating NRF2 pathway.

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of implicit memory underlying serial dependence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Moraes Bilacchi ◽  
Esaú Ventura Pupo Sirius ◽  
André M. Cravo ◽  
Raymundo Machado de Azevedo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Response Variability ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Mechanism ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Visuomotor Task ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSerial dependence is the effect in which the immediately preceding trial influences participants’ responses to the current stimulus. But for how long does this bias last in the absence of interference from other stimuli? Here, we had 20 healthy young adult participants (12 women) perform a coincident timing task using different inter-trial intervals to characterize the serial dependence effect as the time between trials increases. Our results show that serial dependence abruptly decreases after 1 s inter-trial interval, but it remains pronounced after that for up to 8 s. In addition, participants’ response variability slightly decreases over longer intervals. We discuss these results in light of recent models suggesting that serial dependence might rely on a short-term memory trace kept through changes in synaptic weights, which might explain its long duration and apparent stability over time.Statement of RelevanceRecent perceptual and motor experiences bias human behavior. For this serial bias to take place, the brain must keep information for at least the time between events to blend past and current information. Understanding the temporal dynamics of such memory traces might shed light into the short-term memory mechanism and integration of prior and current information. Here, we characterized the temporal dynamics of the serial biases that emerge in a visuomotor task by varying the length of the interval between successive events. Our results show response biases are still present even after intervals as long as 8 s and that participants’ response variability decreases over time. Serial dependence thus seems to rely on a memory mechanism that is both long lasting in the absence of interference and stable.

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