scholarly journals Acetylcholine is released in the basolateral amygdala in response to predictors of reward and enhances the learning of cue-reward contingency

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B Crouse ◽  
Kristen Kim ◽  
Hannah M Batchelor ◽  
Eric M Girardi ◽  
Rufina Kamaletdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Reward Contingency ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Aversive Stimuli ◽  
Calcium Indicators ◽  
Task Acquisition ◽  
Stimulation Of

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for associating initially neutral cues with appetitive and aversive stimuli and receives dense neuromodulatory acetylcholine (ACh) projections. We measured BLA ACh signaling and activity of neurons expressing CaMKIIα (a marker for glutamatergic principal cells) in mice during cue-reward learning using a fluorescent ACh sensor and calcium indicators. We found that ACh levels and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) cholinergic terminal activity in the BLA (NBM-BLA) increased sharply in response to reward-related events and shifted as mice learned the cue-reward contingency. BLA CaMKIIα neuron activity followed reward retrieval and moved to the reward-predictive cue after task acquisition. Optical stimulation of cholinergic NBM-BLA terminal fibers led to a quicker acquisition of the cue-reward contingency. These results indicate BLA ACh signaling carries important information about salient events in cue-reward learning and provides a framework for understanding how ACh signaling contributes to shaping BLA responses to emotional stimuli.

scholarly journals Acetylcholine is released in the basolateral amygdala in response to predictors of reward and enhances learning of cue-reward contingency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Crouse ◽  
Kristen Kim ◽  
Hannah M. Batchelor ◽  
Rufina Kamaletdinova ◽  
Justin Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Reward Contingency ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Rapid Learning ◽  
Calcium Indicators ◽  
Task Acquisition ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for associating initially neutral cues with appetitive and aversive stimuli and receives dense neuromodulatory acetylcholine (ACh) projections. We measured BLA ACh signaling and principal neuron activity in mice during cue-reward learning using a fluorescent ACh sensor and calcium indicators. We found that ACh levels and activity of nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) cholinergic terminals in the BLA (NBM-BLA) increased sharply in response to reward-related events and shifted as mice learned the tone-reward contingency. BLA principal neuron activity followed reward retrieval and moved to the reward-predictive tone after task acquisition. Optical stimulation of cholinergic NBM-BLA terminal fibers during cue-reward learning led to more rapid learning of the cue-reward contingency. These results indicate that BLA ACh signaling carries important information about salient events in cue-reward learning and provides a framework for understanding how ACh signaling contributes to shaping BLA responses to emotional stimuli.

scholarly journals Changes in Prefrontal Cortex–Thalamic Circuitry after Acoustic Trauma

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Barry ◽  
Donald Robertson ◽  
Wilhelmina H. A. M. Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Efferent Connections ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Central Auditory Pathways ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the adult auditory system, loss of input resulting from peripheral deafferentation is well known to lead to plasticity in the central nervous system, manifested as reorganization of cortical maps and altered activity throughout the central auditory pathways. The auditory system also has strong afferent and efferent connections with cortico-limbic circuitry including the prefrontal cortex and the question arises whether this circuitry is also affected by loss of peripheral input. Recent studies in our laboratory showed that PFC activation can modulate activity of the auditory thalamus or medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) in normal hearing rats. In addition, we have shown in rats that cochlear trauma resulted in altered spontaneous burst firing in MGN. However, whether the PFC influence on MGN is changed after cochlear trauma is unknown. We investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of PFC on single neuron activity in the MGN in anaesthetized Wistar rats 2 weeks after acoustic trauma or sham surgery. Electrical stimulation of PFC showed a variety of effects in MGN neurons both in sham and acoustic trauma groups but inhibitory responses were significantly larger in the acoustic trauma animals. These results suggest an alteration in functional connectivity between PFC and MGN after cochlear trauma. This change may be a compensatory mechanism increasing sensory gating after the development of altered spontaneous activity in MGN, to prevent altered activity reaching the cortex and conscious perception.

scholarly journals Electrical stimulation of the nucleus basalis of meynert: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazmuddin ◽  
Ingrid H. C. H. M. Philippens ◽  
Teus van Laar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Nucleus Basalis Of Meynert ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) has been clinically investigated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). However, the clinical effects are highly variable, which questions the suggested basic principles underlying these clinical trials. Therefore, preclinical and clinical data on the design of NBM stimulation experiments and its effects on behavioral and neurophysiological aspects are systematically reviewed here. Animal studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the NBM enhanced cognition, increased the release of acetylcholine, enhanced cerebral blood flow, released several neuroprotective factors, and facilitates plasticity of cortical and subcortical receptive fields. However, the translation of these outcomes to current clinical practice is hampered by the fact that mainly animals with an intact NBM were used, whereas most animals were stimulated unilaterally, with different stimulation paradigms for only restricted timeframes. Future animal research has to refine the NBM stimulation methods, using partially lesioned NBM nuclei, to better resemble the clinical situation in AD, and LBD. More preclinical data on the effect of stimulation of lesioned NBM should be present, before DBS of the NBM in human is explored further.

Autoradiographic Evidence for Flow-Metabolism Uncoupling During Stimulation of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in the Conscious Rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvire Vaucher ◽  
Josiane Borredon ◽  
Gilles Bonvento ◽  
Jacques Seylaz ◽  
Pierre Lacombe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Nucleus Basalis Of Meynert ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Cortical Blood Flow ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Stimulation Of

We earlier reported that electrical stimulation of the rat nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) induces large cerebral blood flow increases, particularly in frontal cortical areas but also in some subcortical regions. The present study was designed to address the issue of blood flow control exerted by NBM projections. To this aim, we have determined whether these flow increases were associated with proportionate changes in metabolic activity as evaluated by cerebral glucose utilization (CGU) strictly under the same experimental conditions in the conscious rat. An electrode was chronically implanted in a reactive site of the NBM as determined by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) of the cortical circulation. One to two weeks later, while the cortical blood flow was monitored by LDF, we measured CGU using the [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique during unilateral electrical stimulation of the NBM, and analyzed the local flow-metabolism relationship. The large increases in cortical blood flow induced by NBM stimulation, exceeding 300% in various frontal areas, were associated with at most 24% increases in CGU (as compared with the control group) in one frontal area. By contrast, strong increases in CGU exceeding 150% were observed in subcortical regions ipsilateral to the stimulation, especially in extrapyramidal structures, associated with proportionate CBF changes. Thus, none of the blood flow changes observed in the cortex can be ascribed to an increased metabolic activity, whereas CBF and CGU were coupled in many subcortical areas. This result indicates that different mechanisms, which do not necessarily involve any metabolic factor, contribute to the regulation of the cerebral circulation at the cortical and subcortical level. Because the distribution of the uncoupling is coincident with that of cholinergic NBM projections directly reaching cortical microvessels, these data strongly support the hypothesis that NBM neurons are capable of exerting a neurogenic control of the cortical microcirculation.

scholarly journals Effects of the stimulation of β2-adrenoceptors of the the basolateral amygdala on anxiety-like behaviors following electrical foot-shock stress in male rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-259
Author(s):  
Gholam Hossein Meftahi ◽  
Gila Pirzad Jahromi ◽  
Nazila Gholipour ◽  
Zahra Bahari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Shock Stress ◽  
Stimulation Of
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