Over-expression screen of interferon-stimulated genes identifies RARRES3 as a restrictor of Toxoplasma gondii infection

Toxoplasma gondii is an important human pathogen infecting an estimated 1 in 3 people worldwide. The cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) is induced during infection and is critical for restricting T. gondii growth in human cells. Growth restriction is presumed to be due to the induction interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that are upregulated to protect the host from infection. Although there are hundreds of ISGs induced by IFNγ, their individual roles in restricting parasite growth in human cells remain somewhat elusive. To address this deficiency, we screened a library of 414 IFNγ induced ISGs to identify factors that impact T. gondii infection in human cells. In addition to IRF1, which likely acts through induction of numerous downstream genes, we identified RARRES3 as a single factor that restricts T. gondii infection by inducing premature egress of the parasite in multiple human cell lines. Overall, while we successfully identified a novel IFNγ induced factor restricting T. gondii infection, the limited number of ISGs capable of restricting T. gondii infection when individually expressed suggests that IFNγ mediated immunity to T. gondii infection is a complex, multifactorial process.

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Altered gene expression during cellular aging

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-058 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 386-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

James R. Smith ◽

Olivia M. Pereira-Smith

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cellular Senescence ◽

Human Cell ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Human Cells ◽

Cellular Aging ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Normal Human

The limited division potential of normal human diploid fibroblasts in culture represents a model system for cellular aging. Observations indicate cellular senescence is an active process. Senescent cells, although unable to divide, are actively metabolizing. Hybrids from fusion of normal and immortal human cells exhibit limited division potential, suggesting that the phenotype of cellular senescence is dominant and supporting the hypothesis that senescence is genetically programmed. Fusion of immortal human cell lines with each other has identified four complementation groups for indefinite division. This indicates that a limited number of specific genes or processes are involved in senescence. Senescent cells express highly abundant DNA synthesis inhibitory messenger RNAs and produce a surface membrane associated protein inhibitor of DNA synthesis not expressed in young cells. Senescent cell membranes were used as immunogen to generate three monoclonal antibodies reacting specifically with senescent but not young cells in several normal human cell lines. We have also found that fibronectin messenger RNA accumulates to high levels in senescent cells. The role of these changes in gene expression in senescence is being explored.Key words: cellular senescence, human cells.

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Relative cytotoxicity of complexes of platinum(II) and palladium(II) against pure cell culture Paramecium caudatum and human cell lines A431 and HaCaT

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.13171/mjc71/01803131026-eremin ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksei Vladimirovich Eremin ◽

Roman Vladimirovich Suezov ◽

Polina Sergeevna Grishina ◽

Alexander Ivanovich Ponyaev ◽

Nicolay Leonidovich Medvedskiy

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Human Cell ◽

Human Cells ◽

Epidermoid Carcinoma ◽

Binuclear Complexes ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Paramecium Caudatum ◽

Pure Cell

The results of cytotoxicity cis-diamine mono- and binuclear complexes of platinum(II) and palladium(II) are presented. The cytotoxicity was investigated by the method of biotesting with Paramecium caudatum and by MTT-assay with human cells: epidermoid carcinoma A431 and minimal transformed aneuploid keratinocytes HaCaT. Cytotoxicity of complexes towards protists is higher than against human cells, however, comparatively, HaCaT is more sensitive than A431 by the treatment all complexes. It is noted that cytotoxicity of palladium(II) complexes is higher than the analogues with platinum(II).

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HBO1 (KAT7) Does Not Have an Essential Role in Cell Proliferation, DNA Replication, or Histone 4 Acetylation in Human Cells

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.00506-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew J. Kueh ◽

Samantha Eccles ◽

Leonie Tang ◽

Alexandra L. Garnham ◽

Rose E. May ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Dna Replication ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Human Cell ◽

Human Cells ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Hela Cell Lines ◽

Mouse Tissues ◽

Sirna Knockdown

ABSTRACT HBO1 (MYST2/KAT7) is essential for histone 3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac) but is dispensable for H4 acetylation and DNA replication in mouse tissues. In contrast, previous studies using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown in human cell lines have suggested that HBO1 is essential for DNA replication. To determine if HBO1 has distinctly different roles in immortalized human cell lines and normal mouse cells, we performed siRNA knockdown of HBO1. In addition, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate 293T, MCF7, and HeLa cell lines lacking HBO1. Using both techniques, we show that HBO1 is essential for all H3K14ac in human cells and is unlikely to have a direct effect on H4 acetylation and only has minor effects on cell proliferation. Surprisingly, the loss of HBO1 and H3K14ac in HeLa cells led to the secondary loss of almost all H4 acetylation after 4 weeks. Thus, HBO1 is dispensable for DNA replication and cell proliferation in immortalized human cells. However, while cell proliferation proceeded without HBO1 and H3K14ac, HBO1 gene deletion led to profound changes in cell adhesion, particularly in 293T cells. Consistent with this phenotype, the loss of HBO1 in both 293T and HeLa principally affected genes mediating cell adhesion, with comparatively minor effects on other cellular processes.

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Cytokine Production by Human Cells after Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Toxoplasma gondii ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-51014-4_14 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 155-163

Author(s):

H. Pelloux ◽

P. Ambroise-Thomas

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Human Cells ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Hydroxylation of the Acetyltransferase NAA10 Trp38 Is Not an Enzyme-Switch in Human Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222111805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 11805

Author(s):

Rasmus Ree ◽

Karoline Krogstad ◽

Nina McTiernan ◽

Magnus E. Jakobsson ◽

Thomas Arnesen

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Human Cell ◽

Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽

Human Cells ◽

Human Proteome ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Structural Studies ◽

Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1Α ◽

Lysine Acetyltransferase

NAA10 is a major N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) that catalyzes the cotranslational N-terminal (Nt-) acetylation of 40% of the human proteome. Several reports of lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) activity by NAA10 exist, but others have not been able to find any NAA10-derived KAT activity, the latter of which is supported by structural studies. The KAT activity of NAA10 towards hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was recently found to depend on the hydroxylation at Trp38 of NAA10 by factor inhibiting HIF-1α (FIH). In contrast, we could not detect hydroxylation of Trp38 of NAA10 in several human cell lines and found no evidence that NAA10 interacts with or is regulated by FIH. Our data suggest that NAA10 Trp38 hydroxylation is not a switch in human cells and that it alters its catalytic activity from a NAT to a KAT.

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Gene knockout shows that PML (TRIM19) does not restrict the early stages of HIV-1 infection in human cell lines

10.1101/109769 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nasser Masroori ◽

Pearl Cherry ◽

Natacha Merindol ◽

Jia-xin Li ◽

Caroline Dufour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Human Cell ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Human Cells ◽

Restriction Factor ◽

Type I ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Early Stages ◽

Human T Cell ◽

Hiv 1

AbstractThe PML (promyelocytic leukemia) protein is a member of the TRIM family, a large group of proteins that show high diversity in functions but possess a common tripartite motif giving the family its name. We and others recently reported that both murine PML (mPML) and human PML (hPML) strongly restrict the early stages of infection by HIV-1 and other lentiviruses when expressed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This restriction activity was found to contribute to the type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 in MEFs. Additionally, PML caused transcriptional repression of the HIV-1 promoter in MEFs. By contrast, the modulation of the early stages of HIV-1 infection of human cells by PML has been investigated by RNAi with unclear results. In order to conclusively determine whether PML restricts HIV-1 or not in human cells, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out its gene in epithelial, lymphoid and monocytic human cell lines. Infection challenges showed that PML knockout had no effect on the permissiveness of these cells to HIV-1 infection. IFN-I treatments inhibited HIV-1 equally whether PML was expressed or not. Over-expression of individual hPML isoforms, or of mPML, in a human T cell line did not restrict HIV-1. The presence of PML was not required for the restriction of nonhuman retroviruses by TRIM5α was inhibited by arsenic trioxide through a PML-independent mechanism. We conclude that PML is not a restriction factor for HIV-1 in human cell lines representing diverse lineages.ImportancePML is involved in innate immune mechanisms against both DNA and RNA viruses. Although the mechanism by which PML inhibits highly divergent viruses is unclear, it was recently found that it can increase the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, whether human PML inhibits HIV-1 has been debated. Here we provide unambiguous, knockout-based evidence that PML does not restrict the early post-entry stages of HIV-1 infection in a variety of human cell types and does not participate in the inhibition of HIV-1 by IFN-I. Although this study does not exclude the possibility of other mechanisms by which PML may interfere with HIV-1, we nonetheless demonstrate that PML does not generally act as an HIV-1 restriction factor in human cells and that its presence is not required for IFN-I to stimulate the expression of anti-HIV-1 genes. These results contribute to uncovering the landscape of HIV-1 inhibition by ISGs in human cells.

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Gene Knockout Shows That PML (TRIM19) Does Not Restrict the Early Stages of HIV-1 Infection in Human Cell Lines

mSphere ◽

10.1128/mspheredirect.00233-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nasser Masroori ◽

Pearl Cherry ◽

Natacha Merindol ◽

Jia-xin Li ◽

Caroline Dufour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Human Cell ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Human Cells ◽

Restriction Factor ◽

Type I ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Early Stages ◽

Human T Cell ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACTThe PML (promyelocytic leukemia) protein is a member of the TRIM family, a large group of proteins that show high diversity in functions but possess a common tripartite motif giving the family its name. We and others recently reported that both murine PML (mPML) and human PML (hPML) strongly restrict the early stages of infection by HIV-1 and other lentiviruses when expressed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This restriction activity was found to contribute to the type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 in MEFs. Additionally, PML caused transcriptional repression of the HIV-1 promoter in MEFs. In contrast, the modulation of the early stages of HIV-1 infection of human cells by PML has been investigated by RNA interference, with unclear results. In order to conclusively determine whether PML restricts HIV-1 or not in human cells, we used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat with Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system to knock out its gene in epithelial, lymphoid, and monocytic human cell lines. Infection challenges showed that PML knockout had no effect on the permissiveness of these cells to HIV-1 infection. IFN-I treatments inhibited HIV-1 equally whether PML was expressed or not. Overexpression of individual hPML isoforms, or of mPML, in a human T cell line did not restrict HIV-1. The presence of PML was not required for the restriction of nonhuman retroviruses by TRIM5α (another human TRIM protein), and TRIM5α was inhibited by arsenic trioxide through a PML-independent mechanism. We conclude that PML is not a restriction factor for HIV-1 in human cell lines representing diverse lineages.IMPORTANCEPML is involved in innate immune mechanisms against both DNA and RNA viruses. Although the mechanism by which PML inhibits highly divergent viruses is unclear, it was recently found that it can increase the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, whether human PML inhibits HIV-1 has been debated. Here we provide unambiguous, knockout-based evidence that PML does not restrict the early postentry stages of HIV-1 infection in a variety of human cell types and does not participate in the inhibition of HIV-1 by IFN-I. Although this study does not exclude the possibility of other mechanisms by which PML may interfere with HIV-1, we nonetheless demonstrate that PML does not generally act as an HIV-1 restriction factor in human cells and that its presence is not required for IFN-I to stimulate the expression of anti-HIV-1 genes. These results contribute to uncovering the landscape of HIV-1 inhibition by ISGs in human cells.

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Disruption of microtubule function in cultured human cells by a cytotoxic ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complex

Chemical Science ◽

10.1039/c9sc05671h ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 264-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nagham Alatrash ◽

Faiza H. Issa ◽

Nada S. Bawazir ◽

Savannah J. West ◽

Kathleen E. Van Manen-Brush ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Human Cell ◽

Human Cells ◽

Human Cell Lines ◽

Polypyridyl Complex ◽

Cultured Human Cells ◽

Microtubule Function

Treatment of cultured human cell lines with a cytotoxic IC50 dose of ∼2 μM tris(diphenylphenanthroline)ruthenium(ii) chloride (RPC2) retards or arrests microtubule motion as tracked by visualizing fluorescently-tagged microtubule plus end-tracking proteins.

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