scholarly journals Relationships between carcass characteristics, meat quality, age and sex of free-ranging Alaskan reindeer: a pilot study

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Renecker ◽  
Lyle A. Renecker ◽  
Frank F. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Nunivak Island ◽  
Free Ranging

Twenty-four reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) carcasses from male and female animals that ranged in age from calves to adults were purchased from Bering Sea Reindeer Products (BSRP), Nunivak Island, Alaska, USA. Preslaughter and abattoir procedures were observed and evaluated. Carcasses were split in half, weighed, and broke into wholesale primal cuts of chuck, rib, loin, and hindquarter. Each primal cut was weighed, boxed, and frozen. Each half carcass of primal cuts was later dissected into lean tissue, bone, and the three compartments of fat: subcutaneous, intermuscular, and peritoneal. A portion of the loin was collected from each animal in order to obtain data on pH and shear force. Sensory panel analysis was performed on loin steaks. Due to management and environmental effects, pH values were high and the meat was dark in colour. Carcasses from adult male reindeer contained significantly lower levels of fat than carcasses of adult females. Data indicated that yearling reindeer are of greatest economic value for meat production.

The Australian sheep industry - undergoing transformation

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Productivity Gain ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Meat Market

Changes in the sheep industry over the last 20 years represent a trend that is unlikely to be reversed. The farm gate value of wool production has decreased from over $6 billion to ~$2.5 billion and the value of sheep meat has increased from $0.5 to $2.2 billion. Wool and meat are now on an equal footing in terms of the economic value of each sector of the industry. Future profitability of both wool and sheep meat production depends on achieving a high rate of productivity gain and improving quality attributes valued by consumers. Wool and sheep meat cannot compete on price or volume with synthetics and cotton in the textile market or with chicken and pork in the meat market. Differentiation based on quality and consistency needs to be measurable and clearly understood by consumers. The combination of genetic selection and good management can deliver improved productivity gain. Skills development and training will be essential for the industry to fully utilise available knowledge and new technologies.

Efficiency of lean meat production by British Friesian and Jersey steers

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hind
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Equal Maximum ◽  
Food Consumed

ABSTRACT1. Eight-one British Friesian and 44 Jersey steers was slaughtered at 1. 12, 24, 48 or 72 weeks of age. Those aged 24 weeks and over were reared on a standard complete diet offered ad libitum, and individual food intakes were recorded until slaughter when carcasses were dissected on an anatomical basis.2. From 1 to 72 weeks British Friesians were on average 50% heavier than Jerseys and consumed 47% more food. Total lean tissue (L) increased 11-fold to 137 + 6·4 kg in the British Friesians and 16-fold to 84 ± 4·7 kg in the Jersey. L as a percentage of live weight rose to 32% ±0·6 in the British Friesians and to 29% ±0·8 in the Jerseys. Breeds did not differ significantly in average efficiency of growth of lean tissue in any period.3. From 24 to 72 weeks, an allometric relationship held between L and total food consumed postnatally, F. The two breeds had the same allometric coefficient of 0·61. Current efficiency, 0·61 L/F, was thus proportional to cumulated efficiency, L/F. Allowance was made for the prenatal input, Fo, required to produce the newborn calf. An optimum slaughter point at which overall efficiency, L/(F+F0), reached a maximum occurred in each breed when postnatal input was 58% higher than prenatal input (F = 1·58F0). When the breeds had equal maximum efficiency the British Friesian: Jersey ratios for prenatal input, total food consumed and total lean produced were all 2·6:1.

scholarly journals Proteolytic enzyme and inhibitor levels in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) vs. bovine longissimus muscle, as they relate to ageing rate and response

Rangifer ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M.H. Barnier ◽  
E. Wiklund ◽  
A. Van Dijk ◽  
F. J.M. Smulders ◽  
G. Malmfors
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ageing Rate

<p>Eight reindeer bulls (age 1.5 years) and six Friesian bulls (age 1.5 years) were included in the study for comparison of tenderness. The reindeer were slaughtered at a commercial reindeer slaughter plant in northern Sweden and the Friesian bulls at a commercial slaughter plant in The Netherlands. Samples for determination of calpain/calpastatin activity were taken from the M. longtssimus (LO) within 1 h post mortem (p.m.), and at various times p.m. pH and temperature were registered in LO; ultimate pH values were measured at 24 h p.m. for beef and at 35 h p.m. for reindeer. At day 1 p.m., samples of LO from both carcass sides were excised, divided in two parts, vacuum packaged and stored at 0-2 &deg;C. One part of each muscle was randomly sampled at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days p.m. for determination of shear force, proteolytic enzyme activity, myofibrillar protein degradation, collagen content and heat solubility. pH and temperature fall was faster in reindeer than in beef. Collagen content in reindeer muscle was found to be low but collagen was 4 times less soluble as compared with beef. Reindeer LO was found to be extremely tender, at 3 days p.m. shear force values were only 2-3 kg/cm2 (8-12 kg/cm2 for beef LO). In reindeer meat, the jJ.-calpain levels dropped to about 55% within 3 days. Troponin T and 30 kDa values were not related to changes in tenderness in reindeer meat. Cathepsin activities in reindeer were up to ten times higher than in beef. As in beef, cathepsin B+L levels in reindeer increased during storage, which is probably associated with a decrease in cystatin-like inhibitor levels.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of diet on the morphology of the ruminal papillae in reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje D. Josefsen ◽  
Tove H. Aagnes ◽  
Svein D. Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Site ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Free Ranging

The influence of diet on the morphology of reindeer ruminal papillae was investigated in 4 groups of 3 free-ranging reindeer calves at different seasons, and in 11 groups of 3 reindeer calves fed experimental diets. Length, cross-sectional perimeter and density (number/cm2) of the ruminal papillae were measured in 4 sample sites in the rumen wall, and the ruminal surface enlargement factor (SEF) was calculated at each sample site. The range of group means were 2.3 to 3.4 mm for overall papillary length (mean of the four sample sites), 2.2 to 3.5 mm for overall cross-sectional perimeter, 85 to 189 papillae/cm2 for overall papillar density and 5.8 to 18.6 for overall SEF. Differences between sample sites wete observed, atrium ruminis having the highest and caudodorsal blind sac the lowest SEF (25% over and 24% below overall value, respectively). The differences between sample sites were considered to be small, indicating a homogenous ruminal content. The SEF of free-ranging animals showed a seasonal pattern, with high overall SEF (18.6) in September (late summer) and lower overall SEF {9.1) in April (late winter). Groups fed timothy silage with low content of cellulose (18.7% of dry matter) showed highest overall SEFs of the fed animals (17.8 and 13.9), while groups fed timothy silage with high content of cellulose (30.4%' of dry matter) showed lowest overall SEFs (5.8 and 7.0), indicating low ability to ferment silage with high content of cellulose. The SEF in animals fed experimental diets seemed partly to be influenced by SEF at the beginning of the feeding period.

Compositional and thermal state of the upper mantle beneath the Bering Sea basalt province: evidence from the Chukchi Peninsula of Russia

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Akinin ◽  
Julia Apt ◽  
Michael F. Roden ◽  
Don Francis ◽  
Elizabeth Moll-Stalcup
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Element ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Chukchi Peninsula ◽  
Mantle Lithosphere ◽  
Nunivak Island ◽  
Seward Peninsula ◽  
The Bering Sea

Nephelinites and basanites of the Enmelen volcanic field, Chukchi Peninsula, Russia, contain upper mantle xenoliths of relatively calcium- and magnesium-rich spinel lherzolites, pyroxenites, and megacrysts. The phase assemblages of the lherzolites require equilibration near 1.5 GPa, and calculated equilibration temperatures for most inclusions are in the range 850–1030 °C. These temperatures are similar to those calculated for lherzolite inclusions from other Bering Sea localities (Nunivak Island and Seward Peninsula) and are higher than temperatures expected for likely conductive geotherms beneath these volcanic fields. The relatively high temperatures may be the result of magma intrusion into the mantle lithosphere and consequent perturbation of the geotherm shortly before entrainment of the xenoliths in basalt. Two Enmelen lherzolites equilibrated at higher temperatures (1230–1240 °C) and provide further evidence for heating due to intrusive magmas. Some spinel lherzolite inclusions have flat rare earth element patterns and major and trace element abundances close to that of the bulk silicate earth. Based on the occurrence of similar fertile peridotites at Nunivak Island and Seward Peninsula, near-primitive mantle compositions appear to be common in the upper mantle beneath the Bering Sea. These peridotites may represent recent additions to the mantle lithosphere from mantle plumes related to the volcanism. Other Enmelen inclusions are relatively light rare earth element-enriched group I lherzolites metasomatized by a silicate melt, group II pyroxenites precipitated from a variety of melts, and augite megacrysts with convex-upward rare earth element patterns consistent with precipitation from the host basalts at high pressures.

Seasonal changes in T3, FT4, and cortisol in free-ranging svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell J. Nilssen ◽  
Karstein Bye ◽  
Johan A. Sundsfjord ◽  
Arnoldus Schytte Blix
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer ◽  
Free Ranging

Sewage odour measurements using a sensory panel and an electronic nose

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Stuetz ◽  
G. Engin ◽  
R. A. Fenner
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Universal Relationship ◽  
Data Reduction Technique

Odour bags from 10 sewage treatment works were used to assess the application of using an electronic nose to monitor sewage related odours. Canonical correlation (a data reduction technique) was used to compare the multivariate data generated by the NOSE (Neotronics Olfactory Sensing Equipment) with independent sensory panel analysis. Comparisons between the NOSE output and threshold odour numbers (TON) showed that no universal relationship exists between the NOSE and TON for sewage odours from a range of locations within different works. However, when similar groups of data from the same works (ie. biofilters) were compared, a linear relationship can be obtained between the NOSE output and corresponding TON values. Furthermore, this relationship could be extended to similar odours samples from different works, when only low TON values (ie. less than 4000 ou/m3) were analysed.

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