scholarly journals Putting the environmental impact assessment process into practice for woodland caribou in the Alberta Oil Sands Region

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Paula R. Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
The Government ◽  
Current Operating ◽  
Impact Predictions

Since 1985, woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) have been designated as a threatened species in Alberta. Populations studied since the 1970s have been stable or declining, with no population increases documented. Resource expansion into previously undeveloped areas and associated increases in access have been implicated as possible causes for the declines. To facilitate development on caribou ranges, while ensuring the integrity and supply of caribou habitat, standing committees have been formed. The primary role of the committees is to act as advisory bodies to the government and to search for effective and efficient industrial operating guidelines. Recent research has been conducted on the responses of woodland caribou ecotypes to increased human and predator access. Based on this research, operating guidelines have been refined and implemented through Caribou Protection Plans. I discuss how the current operating guidelines are put into practice and linked to the Environmental Assessment process within the Oil Sands Region of Alberta. In particular, I discuss the origination of impact predictions, specific mitigation measures to reduce impacts and monitoring.

scholarly journals Habitat partitioning between woodland caribou and moose in Ontario: the potential role of shared prédation risk

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Cumming ◽  
D.B. Beange ◽  
G. Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Habitat Partitioning ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Direct Competition

This paper explores mechanisms of coexistence for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and moose (Akes alces) preyed upon by gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Ontario. Autocorrelation analysis of winter track locations showed habitat partitioning by caribou and moose. Numbers of Delaunay link edges for moose-wolves did not differ significantly from what would be expected by random process, but those for caribou-wolves were significantly fewer. Thus, habitat partitioning provided implicit refuges that put greater distances between caribou and wolves, presumably decreasing predation on the caribou. Yet, direct competition cannot be ruled out; both apparent and direct competition may be involved in real-life situations. A synthesis including both explanations fits ecological theory, as well as current understanding about caribou ecology.

AFRICAN MULTILATERAL RESPONSES TO THE CRISIS IN ZIMBABWE

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Dzimiri
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
African Union ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Electoral Violence ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
The Government

The Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) represents one of the key normative developments towards mitigating global human rights violations. Normatively, the RtoP advances the notion of responsible sovereignty by obligating states to protect their people from humanitarian catastrophe and emphasises the residual role of the international community in the event of lack of capacity or the state's unwillingness to protect. It is in this context that this article examines RtoP mitigation measures instituted by the South African Development Community (SADC) and the African Union (AU) as regional multilateral institutions in responding to the crisis in Zimbabwe. The article considers the extent to which the responses have been guided implicitly or explicitly by RtoP principles. The evolution and consolidation of the humanitarian crisis has been considered, with specific focus on the human security impact of government policies, in particular, Operation Murambatsvina (the destruction of what were deemed illegal housing structures in major cities in Zimbabwe in May 2005) and the unprecedented 2008 electoral violence as a result of increased militarisation of governance structures. Debate on the applicability of RtoP to the crisis in Zimbabwe is thus located within the broader framework of the normative theories of international relations that forms the basis of RtoP. The article argues that escalation of the government induced humanitarian crisis was as a result of lack of timeous or effective responses by both the AU and SADC. Again, the AU and SADC responses were significantly influenced by diverse, often mutually exclusive, interpretations of the main causes of the crisis. Another salient finding is the extent to which politicisation of RtoP and lack of political will undermined RtoP operationalisation. 

scholarly journals Examining the role of terrestrial lichen transplants in restoring woodland caribou winter habitat

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (03) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean B. Rapai ◽  
Duncan McColl ◽  
Richard Troy McMullin
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Transplant Program ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Terrestrial Lichen

The development of habitat restoration techniques for restoring critical woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) winter habitat will play an important role in meeting the management thresholds in woodland caribou recovery plans. The goal is to restore disturbed environments within critical winter habitat for the declining woodland caribou. Woodland caribou are diet specialists, utilizing lichen-rich habitat for forage during winter months. Cladonia sub-genus Cladina is the most frequently eaten species during this time. Herein, we provide: 1) A review of previously used methods for transplanting Cladonia sub-genus Cladina and their feasibility in restoring woodland caribou winter habitat; 2) A stepby- step protocol on how to carry out a terrestrial lichen transplant program (using Cladonia sub-genus Cladina and C. uncialis); and, 3) An evaluation of our protocol through the establishment of a case study in northern British Columbia. Our results indicate that transplanting C. sub-genus Cladina fragments is the most efficient technique for transplanting terrestrial lichen communities, but transplanting lichen ‘patches’ or ‘mats’ may also be effective.

scholarly journals The eastern migratory caribou: the role of genetic introgression in ecotype evolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelya F. C. Klütsch ◽  
Micheline Manseau ◽  
Vicki Trim ◽  
Jean Polfus ◽  
Paul J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species At Risk Act

Understanding the evolutionary history of contemporary animal groups is essential for conservation and management of endangered species like caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ). In central Canada, the ranges of two caribou subspecies (barren-ground/woodland caribou) and two woodland caribou ecotypes (boreal/eastern migratory) overlap. Our objectives were to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the eastern migratory ecotype and to assess the potential role of introgression in ecotype evolution. STRUCTURE analyses identified five higher order groups (i.e. three boreal caribou populations, eastern migratory ecotype and barren-ground). The evolutionary history of the eastern migratory ecotype was best explained by an early genetic introgression from barren-ground into a woodland caribou lineage during the Late Pleistocene and subsequent divergence of the eastern migratory ecotype during the Holocene. These results are consistent with the retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet and the colonization of the Hudson Bay coastal areas subsequent to the establishment of forest tundra vegetation approximately 7000 years ago. This historical reconstruction of the eastern migratory ecotype further supports its current classification as a conservation unit, specifically a Designatable Unit, under Canada’s Species at Risk Act. These findings have implications for other sub-specific contact zones for caribou and other North American species in conservation unit delineation.

scholarly journals Formulating a Health Sustainable Development Policy: How the Actors Handling the COVID-19 in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Novia Amirah Azmi ◽  
Annisa Weriframayeni ◽  
Retno Dewi Pramodia Ahsani ◽  
Delila Putri Sadayi ◽  
Aqil Teguh Fathani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Health Development ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
The Government

This article aims to analyze the role of actors in COVID-19 control in Indonesia and identify sustainable development policies in the health sector. The significant impact of COVID-19 occurs in the health sector, so the critical primary role of the government is to formulate policies in the health sector to control COVID-19. This research used a descriptive qualitative method by analyzing the policies made and the role of actors in covid-19 control in the field of health. This research data uses secondary data from national and international journal articles, government websites, and national online media news during the COVID-19 pandemic. The technique of analyzing research data uses Vosviewer and Nvivo 12 plus software so that data visualization can be presented as a basis for formulating health development policies and how the role of actors in controlling COVID-19. This study indicates, 1) the pattern of health development policies in controlling COVID-19 still needs improvement in effectiveness and efficiency so that policies are right on target. 2) policies made in controlling COVID-19 in Indonesia are still not optimal, especially in integrating technology and other resources. 3) the government is not ready to control COVID-19; the role of other actors is still low in intensity in controlling COVID-19. Based on the research analysis it is important to formulate policies to control COVID-19 and identify its role. Thus, this research can provide a reference in formulating sustainable policies in controlling COVID-19 in the health sector.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Government Actions for the Protection and Recovery of Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Ontario, Canada

Rangifer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J.A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Recovery Strategy ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
The Government

The Government of Ontario has legal responsibilities to protect and recover the province’s population of forest-dwelling woodland caribou, which is classified as a threatened species. Loss and fragmentation of habitat caused by commercial timber harvesting, land clearing, and linear disturbances such as road building have resulted in range recession. Ontario’s Woodland Caribou Conservation Plan (2009) serves as the provincial government’s response to a recovery strategy. This paper contends that the likelihood of success for this conservation plan is low as it focuses on mitigating rather than eliminating threats, relies on the unproven and circumspect hypothesis that woodland caribou will re-occupy logged habitat, and lacks clarity and details on implementation. Sound government action focused on protection and recovery is needed to prevent the imperilment and extirpation of this species at risk.

scholarly journals Towards a Caribou Habitat Management Strategy for Northwestern Ontario: Running the Gauntlet

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Racey ◽  
Edward R. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
The Public ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
The Government

A management strategy for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) habitat is being developed in northwestern Ontario. This strategy is based upon a set of draft Timber Management Guidelines for the Provision of Woodland Caribou Habitat. These guidelines recommend maintaining a sustainable supply of winter habitat within large tracts of old forest, protecting calving areas and minimizing human disturbance. Due to the large temporal and spatial scale of caribou habitat management, an ecosystem-based approach is recommended. Public response to the strategy shows a strong dichotomy between environmental and utilitarian values among all the major stakeholder groups. The major issues raised by the public include security of industrial wood supply, quality of the knowledge base, level of awareness of caribou, economic impacts on remote communities, concern about environmental impacts and silvicultural know-how. The government is responding to these concerns as the strategy evolves. Current emphasis is placed on increasing awareness of the public, training resource managers in caribou biology, management and habitat planning, implementing interim habitat management prescriptions and studying the potential impact on wood supply. The final direction for a northwestern Ontario strategy to conserve woodland caribou habitat has yet to be decided, although a commitment has been made to strive for the conservation of woodland caribou populations and their habitat.

scholarly journals Using caribou knowledge in expanding the Wabakimi protected area

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Duinker ◽  
Ted R. Armstrong ◽  
Bruce T. Hyer ◽  
Bruce Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Full Consensus

When Wabakimi Wilderness Park was created in 1983, conservation of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) was one of the primary considerations. Twelve years later, in April 1995, the Government of Ontario announced that the Park, measuring some 155 000 ha, was to be expanded into a ca. 890 000 ha protected area. This was done following 2.5 yr of deliberations of the Wabakimi Park Boundary Committee. The Committee tried to reach consensus on an expanded protected area by examining a variety of options in terms of criteria related to a range of key values, one of which was woodland caribou. The analysis procedure involved dividing the 1.25-million-ha study area into more than sixty "assessment units". These were defined primarily on the basis of approximate sub-watershed boundaries. Each assessment unit was ranked on a five-level scale with respect to goodness for each value, including seasonal caribou habitat. High-value habitats for wintering, calving, and migration dominated the assessment of habitat importance for caribou.The initial assessment phase included six park expansion concepts ranging in size from just over 200 000 ha to about 1 million ha. One of the concepts (about 750 000 ha), was based specifically on the caribou value. In the second phase, four refined options were examined, ranging from just under 600 000 to roughly a million ha. Two additional options were added to the four and submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources for consideration. The Committee was, in the end, unable to reach full consensus on which of the final options to recommend. However, upon consideration of the Committee's final report and other input, the Ontario Government announced in April 1995 the more than five-fold expansion. The new protected area contains about 475 000 ha of high-value caribou habitat. Caribou were a key value in determining both the ultimate size and configuration of the expansion.

scholarly journals The Northeast Region Standing Committee on Woodland Caribou (NERSC): an example of a co-operative management partnership

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
George D. Hamilton ◽  
Colin Edey
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
The Government

This paper describes the history and current status of NERSC (Northeast Region Standing Committee on Woodland Caribou), a government/industry partnership established to address issues related to industrial development and the conservation of woodland caribou {Rangifer tarandus caribou) in northeastern Alberta. In mid 1991, NERSC was established with broad participation from the oil and gas and forestry industries and relevant government agencies. Its primary role has been as an advisory body to the government through the regional environmental resource management committee. Since its inception, it has become an open forum for the annual review of industrial operating guidelines based on adaptive management. NERSC has been highly successful at attracting financial support from various sponsors and co-ordinating appropriate research and monitoring programs. Key achievements include: 1) greatly enhanced understanding of problems, issues and positions among its diverse membership related to resource development and caribou management; 2) greatly enhanced delineation of important caribou habitats, and improved understanding of population status and limiting factors; 3) modified and more effective land use strategies; and 4) a recognized collaborative partnership.

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