AFRICAN MULTILATERAL RESPONSES TO THE CRISIS IN ZIMBABWE

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Dzimiri
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
African Union ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Electoral Violence ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
The Government

The Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) represents one of the key normative developments towards mitigating global human rights violations. Normatively, the RtoP advances the notion of responsible sovereignty by obligating states to protect their people from humanitarian catastrophe and emphasises the residual role of the international community in the event of lack of capacity or the state's unwillingness to protect. It is in this context that this article examines RtoP mitigation measures instituted by the South African Development Community (SADC) and the African Union (AU) as regional multilateral institutions in responding to the crisis in Zimbabwe. The article considers the extent to which the responses have been guided implicitly or explicitly by RtoP principles. The evolution and consolidation of the humanitarian crisis has been considered, with specific focus on the human security impact of government policies, in particular, Operation Murambatsvina (the destruction of what were deemed illegal housing structures in major cities in Zimbabwe in May 2005) and the unprecedented 2008 electoral violence as a result of increased militarisation of governance structures. Debate on the applicability of RtoP to the crisis in Zimbabwe is thus located within the broader framework of the normative theories of international relations that forms the basis of RtoP. The article argues that escalation of the government induced humanitarian crisis was as a result of lack of timeous or effective responses by both the AU and SADC. Again, the AU and SADC responses were significantly influenced by diverse, often mutually exclusive, interpretations of the main causes of the crisis. Another salient finding is the extent to which politicisation of RtoP and lack of political will undermined RtoP operationalisation. 

scholarly journals Humanitarian news frame in Harian Republika and Kompas on Wamena ferugees (framing analysis on Republika news and Kompas edition 24 – 30 September 2019 on the tragedy of the riots in Wamena)

COMMICAST ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Ghafur Sitohan
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Daily News ◽  
News Frame ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Role Of The Government

Conflict against the backdrop of the dissemination of hoaks information, accompanied by elements of racism repeated and targeted papuans. In 2019, a riot led to an alleged racist slur by a teacher, to his student on September 18, 2019. The unrest resulted in various humanitarian problems, such as civilian casualties and destruction of public facilities. As a result, a wave of problems related to the exodus of citizens continues to come. This research aims to discuss the news frame of two media, namely Republika Daily and Kompas with discussion of the Tragedy of Riots in Wamena City, Papua Province (September 24, 2019 - September 30, 2019). Meanwhile, the concept of a crisis of manness and responsibility to protect both media, agreed to package it in the same point of view. The frame of republika and kompas daily news in the concept of humanitarian crisis is classified in the complex emergencies category, and the facts presented about the role of the Government in accordance with the concept of responsibility to protect. 

scholarly journals Putting the environmental impact assessment process into practice for woodland caribou in the Alberta Oil Sands Region

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Paula R. Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
The Government ◽  
Current Operating ◽  
Impact Predictions

Since 1985, woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) have been designated as a threatened species in Alberta. Populations studied since the 1970s have been stable or declining, with no population increases documented. Resource expansion into previously undeveloped areas and associated increases in access have been implicated as possible causes for the declines. To facilitate development on caribou ranges, while ensuring the integrity and supply of caribou habitat, standing committees have been formed. The primary role of the committees is to act as advisory bodies to the government and to search for effective and efficient industrial operating guidelines. Recent research has been conducted on the responses of woodland caribou ecotypes to increased human and predator access. Based on this research, operating guidelines have been refined and implemented through Caribou Protection Plans. I discuss how the current operating guidelines are put into practice and linked to the Environmental Assessment process within the Oil Sands Region of Alberta. In particular, I discuss the origination of impact predictions, specific mitigation measures to reduce impacts and monitoring.

scholarly journals A pilot survey of the current scope of the practice of South African physiotherapists in the intensive care units

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Van Aswegen ◽  
J. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
South African ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
The South ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Private Practitioners ◽  
European Survey ◽  
The Government

Objective: A pilot study was conducted to determine the currentscope of practice of South African physiotherapists working in intensive care units in the government and the private sectors. These findings were compared to the findings from a European survey with regard to the role of the physiotherapist in European intensive care units.Methodology: Ninety questionnaires were distributed nationwide to secondary and tertiary government hospitals as well as to private practitioners involved in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy. The private practitioners included in this survey were listed in the Private Practitioners Association Official Members Directory. Junior and senior physiotherapists working in the intensive care units of their respective hospitals participated in completing the questionnaire. Comparisons between government and private sector data and between the South African survey and the European survey were carried out using the 2test for non-parametric data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Fifty-four questionnaires were analyzed and represented 60% of questionnaires sent out. Respondents to the South African survey reported 28% percent of all ICUs had between 9 - 12 beds; 83% physiotherapists indicated the availability of an on-call service during the night and 96% physiotherapists had a weekend physiotherapy service. Ninety-two percent of physiotherapists working in the government sector supervised students compared to 44% of physiotherapists in the private sector. Between 9% and 27% of physiotherapists in government and private hospitalsactively participated in research in ICU. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of respiratory physiotherapy, mobilization and positioning between respondents to the European survey and those of the South African survey respectively.Conclusion: The response rate to this questionnaire was good. It was evident from this pilot survey that the scope of practice of physiotherapy in ICU didn’t differ significantly between the government and private sector in South Africa. The role of the intensive care physiotherapist in South Africa was similar to that of the European physiotherapist  working in ICU.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE GOVERNMENT ACTION ARBITRARY OR VIOLATE RIGHTS CITIZENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Aditia Syaprillah
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Judicial Administration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Regulation Approach ◽  
Government Authority

The state of judicial administration is formed in order to provide protection for justice seekers who felt indiscriminate with the decision made by judicial administration. Government policies have released with careful consideration on the interest of citizen, therefore district institutions have to be set up as a means for control system.Goal of this study is to analyze the role of state judicial administration to provide protection from indiscrimination for all citizens. The research methods used in this study are normative and doctrine approaches, which are statute approach and regulation approach. Government authority has taken by regulation cannot be operated freely.

Explaining regional differences in firm formation rates: how far are government policies important for entrepreneurship?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Demirdag ◽  
Ayda Eraydin
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Firm Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government

Purpose The growing number of studies shows that government policies and measures are critical in determining entrepreneurship levels of regions. Any changes in the government policies and measures are, therefore, expected to bring significant changes at the entrepreneurship levels. This paper aims to explore the importance of the government policies and measures, along with supply and demand-side determinants in regional entrepreneurship in Turkey and explains the convergence of entrepreneurship among two distinct periods corresponding to changes in the government policies and measures concerning entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach Looking at a study on 81 NUTS-III regions of Turkey, this paper focusses on regional determinants important in the separation of regions with different entrepreneurship trajectories (based on the initial level and the rate of increase in entrepreneurship). Using discriminant function analysis, this paper tries to show how far government policies are important in distinguishing regions with different entrepreneurship levels. Findings The outcomes of the analysis show that certain policies and measures recently introduced have become instrumental in triggering higher entrepreneurship levels in regions with already higher levels of entrepreneurship, but not in regions with initially lower levels of entrepreneurship. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing regional entrepreneurship literature through introducing the research findings on the importance of government policies and institutions on regional entrepreneurship, besides the role of regional capacities and assets.

scholarly journals A Comparative Synopsis of the Enforcement of Market Abuse Prohibition in Australia and South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-77
Author(s):  
Howard Chitimira
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Insider Trading ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Securities Markets ◽  
Market Manipulation ◽  
Market Abuse ◽  
The Government ◽  
Australian Experience

In Australia, the market abuse prohibition is generally well accepted by the investing and non-investing public as well as by the government. This co-operative and co-ordinated approach on the part of all the relevant stakeholders has to date given rise to an increased awareness and commendable combating of market abuse activities in the Australian corporations, companies and securities markets. It is against this background that this article seeks to explore the general enforcement approaches that are employed to combat market abuse (insider trading and market manipulation) activity in Australia. In relation to this, the role of selected enforcement authorities and possible enforcement methods which may be learnt from the Australian experience will be isolated where necessary for consideration in the South African market abuse regulatory framework.

The Losing Media? An Empirical Study of Defamation Litigation in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 371-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin He ◽  
Fen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
News Media ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

AbstractFollowing a well-established research tradition on court decisions, this study analyses 524 defamation cases in China from 1993 to 2013, explores the media's success possibilities, and investigates the role of party capacity, political influence and the medium effect. Contrary to the existing assertions, we find that the media are not necessarily losing. On average, from 1993 to 2013, the success rate of news media in Chinese defamation courts was 42 per cent, and this rate has been increasing since 2005. We also find that government officials and Party organs had consistent advantages in court, while ordinary plaintiffs, magazines and websites had less success. The medium of the media (i.e. print, broadcast, internet) makes a difference, as do the government policies governing the media. In addition, local protectionism exists, but it is less rampant than expected. These findings compel us to rethink the dynamics among the media, the courts and the state, and their implications on China's institutional resilience.

scholarly journals Benefits of music education to previously disadvantaged South African learners: Perspectives of music teachers in the greater Tshwane Metropolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Inette Swart
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
South African ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Music Programs ◽  
Academic Improvement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Shed Light

This article focuses on the role of access to music education as an agent of social change and as an important way of empowering previously disadvantaged learners, putting this forward as an argument against the proposed downscaling of music in schools as advocated by the government. This narrative inquiry shed light on the perceptions of participating teachers associated with various music programs in the same larger geographical area on the benefits of music education to learners, including instilling discipline and a sense of purpose, general academic improvement, opportunities for social connection, creating opportunities for income generation and future employment, providing role models for children who often came from broken families, and safety and keeping children off the streets, to name but a few. Innovations necessitated by resource allocation constraints are perceived by participating teachers to include sharing a limited number of instruments, teaching in groups, converting general facilities into teaching venues and finding creative ways of teaching theory. The sustainability of these programs is perceived by participating teachers to depend on feeder programs, former students qualifying as teachers, and support and donations from one or more outside sources. It is argued that it is necessary to heed the voices of previously disadvantaged people who are now benefiting from improved access to opportunities and to listen to their opinions about the advantages of music education.

The Race between the Dragon and the Elephant: Comparing China and India's National Broadband Plans

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Jayakar ◽  
Chun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Some 134 national broadband plans are now in place around the world. Opinions are divided regarding the role of government in broadband markets: should the government act as an ‘enabler’ or as the ‘rule-maker’? In this context, this article analyses the ambitious national broadband plans recently announced by China and India, two rising economic powerhouses. Traditionally, China's telecommunications development has been driven by investments from government-allied entities and a strong industrial policy, while India's approach has relied on government policy to create the framework for private investment with a limited range of subsidies on the supply side. We trace the antecedents of the different policy approaches adopted by the two countries towards their respective broadband sectors, compare and contrast the motivations that have driven them to draft the national broadband plans and evaluate the effectiveness of government policies and regulations.

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