scholarly journals Fertility in female reindeer: the effects of nutrition and growth

Rangifer ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J.C. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Pregnancy rates in juvenile reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) vary considerably both within and between flocks. This potentially has considerable economic significance for reindeer husbandry. This paper discusses the influence of nutrition and growth on fertility in female reindeer using examples taken from the literature. Fertility in reindeer is related to body weight, like in many other mammals, but the relationship is not invariant. Weight-specific pregnancy rates appear to be density dependent in juvenile reindeer although not in adults. This strongly suggests that nutrition has an important influence on fertility in juveniles.</p><p>Fruktbarhet hos simler: effekter av ern&aelig;ring og vekst.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Drektighetsprosenten i ungrein varierer sterkt fra individ til individ og fra flokk til flokk. En h&oslash;y fruktbarhet i reinflokken er selve grunnlaget for en vellykket reindrift. Overraskende er det derfor at man vet lite om hvilke faktorer som bestemmer om rein skal bli drektig eller ikke. I denne artikkelen blir effekten av ern&aelig;ring p&aring; reinsimlenes fruktbarhet diskutert. Unders&oslash;kelser indikerer at rein er som andre pattedyr, der fruktbarheten er relatert til kroppsvekten. Forholdet mellom reinens kroppsvekt og fruktbarhet varierer likevel sterkt. Mye tyder p&aring; at drektighetsprosenten i ungrein er avhengig av reintettheten. Dette indikerer at ern&aelig;ringen er en viktig faktor n&aring;r det gjelder fruktbarhet i ungrein. Vekt-spesifikk fruktbarhet kan derfor v&aelig;re en brukbar indikator for reinflokkens fortilgang. I prinsippet vil slike fruktbarhetsunders&oslash;kelser gi et en brukbar indikator for reinflokkens fortilgang. I prinsippet vil slike fruktbarhetsunders&oslash;kelser gi et tidlig varsel om reintallet er for h&oslash;yt i forhold til beitegrunnlaget f&oslash;r en markert nedgang i slaktevekten observeres.</p><p>Ravitsemustilan ja kasvun vaikutus vaatimien hedelm&aring;llisyyteen.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Nuorten porojen hedelm&aring;liisyys vaihtelee suuresti yksilost&aring; yksiloon ja porotokasta toiseen. To-kan korkea hedelm&aring;liisyys on menestyksellisen poronhoidon perusedellytys. Poron kantavaksi tulemiseen vaikuttavista tekijoist&aring; tiedet&aring;&aring;n kuitenkin yll&aring;tt&aring;v&aring;n v&aring;h&aring;n. Kirjoituksessa k&aring;sitell&aring;&aring;n ravitsemustilan vaik-utusta porovaatimen hedelm&aring;llisyyteen. Tutkimukset osoittavat ett&aring; poron kuten muidenkin imett&aring;v&aring;isten hedelm&aring;llisyydell&aring; on yhteys ruumiinpainoon. Poron hedelm&aring;llisyyden ja ruumiinpainon suhteessa esiintyy kuitenkin suurta vaihtelevuutta. Paljon viittaa siihen ett&aring; nuorten porojen tiineysprosentti riippuu porotihey-dest&aring;. T&aring;m&aring; puolestaan viittaa sihen, ett&aring; ravinto on t&aring;rke&aring; tekij&aring; nuoren poron hedelm&aring;llisyytt&aring; ajatellen. T&aring;st&aring; johtuen painoon suhteutettu hedelm&aring;liisyys voisi toimia porotokan rehutaseen osoittajana. Sellaiset he-delm&aring;llisyystutkimukset antaisivat periaatteessa varhaisen varoituksen jos poroluku on ylitt&aring;m&aring;ss&aring; laidunka-pasiteetin, ennen kuin teuraspainojen selv&aring; aleneminen huomataan.</p>

scholarly journals The relationship between weather and caribou productivity for the La-Poile Caribou Herd, Newfoundland

Rangifer ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Ferguson ◽  
Shane P. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Population Demography ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

To describe the relationship between weather and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) productivity, we compared weather variables (snow on ground, winter temperature and measures of growing season) with measures of productivity (calves seen by hunters, calves and yearlings in the harvest and percent calves and yearlings and pregnancy rate for caribou classified during fall and spring surveys) for the LaPoile Caribou Herd in southwestern Newfoundland. Hunter statistics reliably estimated changes in population demography. Percent calves seen by hunters was correlated with calves/100 females classified in fall. Weather may have influenced productivity for the LaPoile Caribou Herd in Newfoundland. Colder winter temperatures were associated with fewer calves the next fall and pregnancy rates and yearlings/100 females in the spring were negatively correlated with snow on ground the previous winter. These relationships appear to be density related.

Urbanization impacts on production and recruitment of Fundulus heteroclitus in salt marsh creeks

2020 ◽  
Vol 645 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
PJ Rudershausen ◽  
JA Buckel
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Juvenile Abundance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Throw Trap

It is unclear how urbanization affects secondary biological production in estuaries in the southeastern USA. We estimated production of larval/juvenile Fundulus heteroclitus in salt marsh areas of North Carolina tidal creeks and tested for factors influencing production. F. heteroclitus were collected with a throw trap in salt marshes of 5 creeks subjected to a range of urbanization intensities. Multiple factor analysis (MFA) was used to reduce dimensionality of habitat and urbanization effects in the creeks and their watersheds. Production was then related to the first 2 dimensions of the MFA, month, and year. Lastly, we determined the relationship between creek-wide larval/juvenile production and abundance from spring and abundance of adults from autumn of the same year. Production in marsh (g m-2 d-1) varied between years and was negatively related to the MFA dimension that indexed salt marsh; higher rates of production were related to creeks with higher percentages of marsh. An asymptotic relationship was found between abundance of adults and creek-wide production of larvae/juveniles and an even stronger density-dependent relationship was found between abundance of adults and creek-wide larval/juvenile abundance. Results demonstrate (1) the ability of F. heteroclitus to maintain production within salt marsh in creeks with a lesser percentage of marsh as long as this habitat is not removed altogether and (2) a density-dependent link between age-0 production/abundance and subsequent adult recruitment. Given the relationship between production and marsh area, natural resource agencies should consider impacts of development on production when permitting construction in the southeastern USA.

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

scholarly journals BREED AND SEX EFFECTS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHT AND FATNESS IN LACOMBE AND YORKSHIRE SWINE AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
G. W. Rahnefeld
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between thickness of fat measured at the shoulder, last rib, and loin of live pigs and market weight (86.2 to 95.2 kg) was studied in 1596 pigs from the Lacombe and Yorkshire breeds and their reciprocal crosses. No significant breed or sex differences were found in the proportion of fat at the three sites. Breed and sex differences were evident in the average depth of fat. The regression coefficients for the mean of three fat measurements on market weight were.016 ±.003,.019 ±.007, and.017 ±.004 for Lacombe males, barrows, and females respectively;.039 ±.002,.036 ±.005, and.041 ±.001 for Yorkshire males, barrows and females respectively;.027 ±.005 and.029 ±.004 for barrows and females from the Lacombe male × Yorkshire female mating; and.023 ±.007 and.021 ±.009 for barrows and females from the Yorkshire male × Lacombe female mating. Comparisons between animals measured at a relatively constant weight should be made after the fat measurement is adjusted for variations in body weight. The results of this study indicate that separate corrections should be applied for each breed. Separate corrections for sexes within breeds do not appear warranted.

The relationship between body weight and drug costs: An Italian population-based study

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1472-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Degli Esposti ◽  
Alessandra Sturani ◽  
Giorgia Valpiani ◽  
Mirko Di Martino ◽  
Francesco Ziccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drug Costs ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Mass Index and Tooth Decay in a Population of 3–6-Year-Old Children in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Shafie Bafti ◽  
Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour ◽  
Hamidreza Poureslami ◽  
Zeinab Hoseinian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI and tooth decay in a population of Iranian children. In this cross-sectional descriptive/analytical study, 1482 children were selected from kindergartens and preschool centers in Kerman, Iran. The children underwent examination of deciduous teeth (using the dmft index) after determination of height and weight for calculation of BMI. The relationship between BMI (after adjustment for age) and dmft was determined using Poisson’s regression model. The mean of dmft in children with normal BMI was 1.5-fold that in subjects with extra body weight. Age had a significant effect on dmft. In addition, dmft was higher in boys compared to girls. The results of the present study showed that caries rate in the deciduous teeth of 3–6-year-old children decreases with an increase in body weight.

“Like Son, Like Father”

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
David MacLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Important Influence ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
Theological Understanding ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Markus Barth’s book Die Taufe: Ein Sakrament? had an evident and important influence on the development of his father Karl Barth’s theological understanding of the nature and practice of Christian baptism. This essay explores that influence, considers its scope and significance, and suggests in the course of so doing that the relationship between the elder and the younger Barth is a notable factor in what led to the provocative theology of baptism at which Karl Barth arrived in the late, fragmentary volume of the Church Dogmatics.

A Cadaveric and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of the Salpingopharyngeus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Karen Perta ◽  
Eileen Kalmar ◽  
Youkyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The aim of the study was to update our information regarding the salpingopharyngeus (SP) muscle using cadaveric and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Primary objectives were to (a) observe the presence/absence of the muscle and (b) quantify and describe its dimensions and course. Method SP specimens from 19 cadavers (10 women, nine men) were analyzed. Following head bisection, measurements of SP, including width of the cartilaginous attachment (CW) and width of the superior muscle base (SMW), were taken before and after removal of the overlying mucosa. In addition, SP was analyzed in 15 healthy subjects (eight men, seven women) using high-resolution three-dimensional MRI data. CW and SMW measures were replicated in the paraxial MRI view. Results The presence of the salpingopharyngeal fold and muscle was confirmed bilaterally in all cadaveric and living subjects. Following mucosa removal, mean cadaveric CW and SMW measurements were 5.6 and 3.8 mm, respectively. Mean in vivo CW and SMW were 6.1 and 3.7 mm, respectively. Results from the hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, in both cadaveric and living groups, SMW is dependent on the relationship between age and body weight, after controlling for sex. Conclusions The salpingopharyngeal fold and SP muscle are always present bilaterally and can be quantified at the superior origin using both cadaveric and in vivo three-dimensional MRI data. Though both the superior origin and inferior course of SP are highly variable, the size of the SP muscle is dependent on characteristics known to affect muscle fibers, such as the relationship between age and body weight. Given the consistent and quantifiable presence of the SP muscle, its potential role in velopharyngeal function for speech and swallowing is reconsidered. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14347859

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