scholarly journals BREED AND SEX EFFECTS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHT AND FATNESS IN LACOMBE AND YORKSHIRE SWINE AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
G. W. Rahnefeld
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between thickness of fat measured at the shoulder, last rib, and loin of live pigs and market weight (86.2 to 95.2 kg) was studied in 1596 pigs from the Lacombe and Yorkshire breeds and their reciprocal crosses. No significant breed or sex differences were found in the proportion of fat at the three sites. Breed and sex differences were evident in the average depth of fat. The regression coefficients for the mean of three fat measurements on market weight were.016 ±.003,.019 ±.007, and.017 ±.004 for Lacombe males, barrows, and females respectively;.039 ±.002,.036 ±.005, and.041 ±.001 for Yorkshire males, barrows and females respectively;.027 ±.005 and.029 ±.004 for barrows and females from the Lacombe male × Yorkshire female mating; and.023 ±.007 and.021 ±.009 for barrows and females from the Yorkshire male × Lacombe female mating. Comparisons between animals measured at a relatively constant weight should be made after the fat measurement is adjusted for variations in body weight. The results of this study indicate that separate corrections should be applied for each breed. Separate corrections for sexes within breeds do not appear warranted.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Mass Index and Tooth Decay in a Population of 3–6-Year-Old Children in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Shafie Bafti ◽  
Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour ◽  
Hamidreza Poureslami ◽  
Zeinab Hoseinian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI and tooth decay in a population of Iranian children. In this cross-sectional descriptive/analytical study, 1482 children were selected from kindergartens and preschool centers in Kerman, Iran. The children underwent examination of deciduous teeth (using the dmft index) after determination of height and weight for calculation of BMI. The relationship between BMI (after adjustment for age) and dmft was determined using Poisson’s regression model. The mean of dmft in children with normal BMI was 1.5-fold that in subjects with extra body weight. Age had a significant effect on dmft. In addition, dmft was higher in boys compared to girls. The results of the present study showed that caries rate in the deciduous teeth of 3–6-year-old children decreases with an increase in body weight.

Experience of Loneliness by Obese Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack F. Schumaker ◽  
Richard C. Krejci ◽  
Linwood Small ◽  
Roger G. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Relationship

The present study assessed the relationship between obesity and reported loneliness. The subjects, 68 obese and 64 nonobese individuals, were administered the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Obese subjects had significantly higher loneliness ratings than nonobese subjects. Obese women had significantly higher loneliness scores than nonobese women but no such difference was found between obese men and their thin peers. A significant correlation of .25 was obtained between body weight and loneliness ratings within the total sample and also the obese women ( r = .29). This correlation was nonsignificant within the obese men. Possible explanations for the observed sex differences as well as implications for research and treatment, were discussed.

scholarly journals Detection of Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript in the abomasum of slaughtered bulls with different daily body weight gains

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Izabela Janiuk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stomach Emptying

Despite numerous published studies, the relationship between the amount of secreted cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript and the daily body weight gain has still not been well explained. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript in the outlet wall of the abomasum of bulls with different daily weight gains. The study was performed on 15 bulls, breed crosses of local black and white milk cattle and Limousin bulls. The animals were slaughtered at the mean age of 543–549 days and body weight of 441.0–491.4 kg. Fragments of the outlet wall of the abomasum were sampled for analyses during routine slaughter. Immunohistochemical assays showed that slowly growing bulls (803 g/day) had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) fewer positive structures of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (by 1.65 × on average) compared to bulls with large daily weight gains (905 g/day). This tendency was also observed in the case of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript distribution in particular layers of the abomasum wall. The most numerous positive structures of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript were found in the nerve fibres of the muscularis and in the muscle plexus, whereas they were evidently less numerous in the submucous plexus. Our results suggest that the number of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript immunopositive structures is associated with the growth intensity of the animals, and frequent occurrence of this neuropeptide in the nerve fibres and the muscular plexus proves its role in the control of stomach emptying.

Sex Differences in Body-Weight Change following Gonadectomy of Rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. Kakolewski ◽  
Verne C. Cox ◽  
Elliot S. Valenstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hypothalamic Damage

Data are presented to demonstrate that the effects of gonadectomy on body weight and food consumption differ in male and female rats. The findings are related to the authors' report of sex differences in the effects of ventromedial hypothalamic damage. A review of the literature on the relationship of the gonads to body weight in different species is presented.

Voluntary food intake in relation to body weight among British breeds of cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Moore ◽  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTVoluntary food intake and body weight were examined over 4-week intervals between 14 and 70 weeks of age in 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle. At each age, the relationship of the natural logarithm of voluntary food intake to that of body weight was examined by linear regression both within and between breeds.Of the total variation in voluntary food intake, the proportion accounted for by body weight was extremely high between breeds (phenotypically, 0·80 or more; genetically 0·88 or more, at most ages) but phenotypically low within breeds (0·33 or less). The mean voluntary intake of a breed at any age could be predicted from its mean body weight at the same age with a coefficient of variation (CV) among breeds that declined with age from 0·08 to 0·04. Within breeds, the corresponding CV for individual intake was between 0·12 and 0·15 beyond 9 months of age, and even higher at early ages.Within breeds, the regression coefficient of log intake on log body weight was close to the value of 0·7 at all ages. Between breeds, it was over 0·8 at early ages, declining to about 0·7 beyond 1 year of age. Thus, genetically larger breeds voluntarily consumed relatively more food at early ages compared with later ages. Breed size should therefore be taken into account when recommending food intake requirements. Breed deviations for high and low appetite are discussed.

Rearing cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca jascicularis) on surrogate mothers with bottle feeding

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. A. Timmermans ◽  
E. L. Röder ◽  
A. M. L. J. Kemps
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Surrogate Mothers ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
The Mean

Fifty-two cynomolgus monkeys were reared in peer groups on surrogate mothers and fed by bottle during the first months of life. A description of the technique of bottle feeding and the structure of surrogate mothers is presented. Results are shown in a growth curve. Inter-individual differences in body weight were very large. The mean weight was higher in males than in females, but no significant sex differences in growth occurred. The weight of mother-reared infants stayed within the standard deviation of the mean weight of the artificially-reared subjects.

Sex Differences in Genetic Determinants of Craniofacial Variations - A Study Based on Twin Kinships

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Heterogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Variance Ratios ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Variance Estimates

AbstractRace, sex, nutritional status and cultural factors affect craniofacial morphogenesis. Out of these, sex is a major factor in craniofacial differentiation, because it can be stronger in one ethnic group and weaker in another. In this study, sex differences in genetic variance and heritability of 13 craniofacial traits are investigated. The study is based on a sample of 45 MZ and 101 DZ twin pairs and their 125 singleton siblings, 104 fathers and 103 mothers in 146 families drawn from an urban population of Chandigarh. Results of t'-tests for equality of the means reveal association of zygosity with the mean value of bigonial diameter in female twins and for none in males. Heterogeneity of variance is observed in about 50% traits in females as compared to 15% in males. This invalidates conventional within-pair genetic variance estimates for these traits. The revised genetic variance ratios are higher on an average in males than in females. However, there is greater MZ environmental covariance in male twins than their female counterparts. Family data indicate higher maternal effect for ear height, nasal height and frontal breadth, while greater paternal effect is seen in cranial traits. Sex-wise midparent-child regression coefficients show greater heritability in daughters for nasal traits and bigonial breadth, while sons show higher genetic component for head size measures.

scholarly journals Relationship between egg weight, hatching weight and subsequent body weight in the Japanese quail

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
V. O. Chimezie ◽  
A. A. Ademola ◽  
O. I. Alli ◽  
A. E. Jubril ◽  
B. O. Josiah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

An experiment to determine the relationship between egg weight, hatch weight and subsequent body weight of the Japanese quail was conducted. A total of 607 eggs collected over 6 days from an existing flock at the Animal Pavilion of the University of Ilorin were used for the experiment. Eggs were individually numbered, weighed and grouped into small (S) medium (M) and large (L) sized eggs based on the mean and standard deviation of the eggs. Mean egg weight were correlated and regressed with mean hatch weight and subsequent weight. Average egg weights were 10.23± 0.84g, 8.49± 0.72g and 6.94± 0.93g for the large, medium and small group respectively. The result showed relationship between egg weight and hatch weight were positive and highly significant (P < 0.01) with values of 0.973, 0.977 and 0.967 for small, medium and large groups, respectively. Relationship between hatch weights and weekly body weights were also positive and significant (P<0.01) for the medium and large groups only but decreased with age. Linear regression equation showed a significant coefficient of determination for weekly body weight using the values for small, medium and large egg weight values. The results of the study showed that egg weight can be reliably used for estimating body weight in Japanese quail and may be used as criteria for early selection of Japanese quail for body weight.

The relationship between concentrations of plasma and hepatic vitamin A in steers intensively finished on high-grain rations low in carotene

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
RJW Gartner ◽  
JG Morris ◽  
GR Clark
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Standard Error ◽  
Liver Vitamin

Data on plasma and liver vitamin A concentrations were obtained from 84 Hereford steers approximately two years of age and approximately 900 lb in body-weight. The animals were sampled from two experiments : 57 received high-grain rations low in carotene for 150 � 15 days, 27 received similar rations for 154 � 6 days. Plasma vitamin A levels in 18 animals were below 20 �g/100 ml, and these values were associated with hepatic levels of less than 10 �g/g. The regression of plasma vitamin A on the logarithm of liver vitamin A was significant (P<0.01) and the regression coefficients were not significantly different between experiments. The equation was y = -30.506 + 19.705 log x. This equation has only limited value for prediction over the whole range tested due to the large standard error (9.24) and the limited magnitude of the correlation coefficient (0.80).

scholarly journals The Investigation of Sex Differences in the Effect of Body Mass Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
Weihua Wang ◽  
Rina Sa ◽  
Lin Qiu ◽  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Although many researches regarding risk factors for hypertension have been reported, little information is known about the effect of BMI on the prevalence of hypertension considering sex differences. The aim of this study was to examine the sex difference in the prevalence of hypertension with the predicting indicator BMI. A total number of 6330 subjects in Shaanxi were examined using multivariable logistic regression to study the relationship between genders in different levels of BMI and prevalence of hypertension. Overall, females had a higher prevalence of hypertension than males, being 28.36% and 21.55%, respectively. The mean of blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension increased as BMI getting larger. The result of multivariable logistic regression showed that obese and overweight males had higher risk of getting hypertension than their female counterparts. Further prevention of hypertension should be focused on obese and overweight males more than females and examining the mechanism of how sex differences influence the prevalence of hypertension.

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