scholarly journals Construction of ‘socially marginalised Greenlanders’ as a target group in Danish welfare policy and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-154
Author(s):  
Maj Nygaard-Christensen ◽  
Bagga Bjerge
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Target Category ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
To Receive

This paper examines the emergence of ‘socially marginalized Greenlanders’ as a distinct target category in Danish welfare policy and practice. It builds on analysis of policies targeting Greenlandic minorities in Denmark and interviews with welfare professionals in charge of implementing these. The paper shows how Greenlandic minorities are represented as characterized by markers of difference viewed to set them apart from other socially marginalized citizens. These relate to 1) structural differences that impact on the ability to receive and benefit from welfare services, 2) to the perceived cultural origins of the problems that socially marginalised Greenlanders face, and, finally, 3) to the excessive social problems associated in policies and by professionals with an upbringing in Greenland. The paper shows how policies and welfare professionals both reject and continuously resort to the notion of the target group as distinct from other socially marginalized citizens. In continuation of this, the analysis further shows how ambivalences and contradictions are not so much found between the levels of policy and practice, as other studies of policy implementation processes have demonstrated, as they are inherent within all policy and considerations about how to understand the target group they articulate.

scholarly journals Implementation of Transmigration Settlement Unit Transformation to Village Policy for Increasing Society Welfare in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Jufri Syahruddin ◽  
Khasan Effendy ◽  
Muchlis Hamdi ◽  
Triyuni Soemartono
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Group Participation ◽  
Implementation Processes

This research relies on the concept of process theory and policy implementation determinants from Hamdi (2014), where the theoretical concepts of policy implementation processes include dimensions of productivity, linearity, and efficiency, while the theoretical determinants of policy implementation include substance policy factors, behavior of implementing tasks, network interactions employment, target group participation, and resource factors. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with the characteristics of construction built on natural conditions, more descriptive, more emphasis on processes, inductive analysis, and more emphasis on the value or meaning contained in a data or event. In an effort to obtain accurate analysis results related to the process and the determinants of the implementation of the transmigration settlement unit transformation into Madapuhi Trans Village, the informants selected were all stakeholders at the local level, both local government and the community. This study found that the process of implementing the UPT transformation policy into Madapuhi Trans Village has not gone well, as indicated by low productivity, lack of linearity and lack of efficiency in policy implementation, as well as several factors that hinder successful implementation of policies such as Policy Substance, Implementing Task Behavior, Target Group Participation, and Resources. The supporting factors in implementing this policy are factors of network interaction. The results also showed that from the 5 determinants of policy implementation, the Target Group Participation factor was the most influential factor in the context of the implementation of the transformation of the transmigration settlement unit to the Madapuhi Trans Village. This study found that understanding harmony is also a determinant of policy implementation. The model produced by this research is the model of the Effectiveness of the Process of Implementing the Policy of Transforming the UPT into a village. Based on the results and findings of the study, it is suggested that a theory of the implementation of the transformation of the transmigration settlement unit into a village be developed, which includes the theory of the process of policy implementation and the determinant theory of policy implementation by Hamdi.

scholarly journals A systematic review of school health policy measurement tools: implementation determinants and outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M. McLoughlin ◽  
Peg Allen ◽  
Callie Walsh-Bailey ◽  
Ross C. Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Policy Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

Abstract Background Governments in some countries or states/provinces mandate school-based policies intended to improve the health and well-being of primary and secondary students and in some cases the health of school staff. Examples include mandating a minimum time spent per week in programmed physical activity, mandating provision of healthy foods and limiting fat content of school meals, and banning tobacco products or use on school campuses. Although school health researchers have studied whether schools, districts, or states/provinces are meeting requirements, it is unclear to what extent implementation processes and determinants are assessed. The purposes of the present systematic review of quantitative measures of school policy implementation were to (1) identify quantitative school health policy measurement tools developed to measure implementation at the school, district, or state/provincial levels; (2) describe the policy implementation outcomes and determinants assessed and identify the trends in measurement; and (3) assess pragmatic and psychometric properties of identified implementation measures to understand their quality and suitability for broader application. Methods Peer-reviewed journal articles published 1995–2020 were included if they (1) had multiple-item quantitative measures of school policy implementation and (2) addressed overall wellness, tobacco, physical activity, nutrition, obesity prevention, or mental health/bullying/social-emotional learning. The final sample comprised 86 measurement tools from 67 peer-review articles. We extracted study characteristics, such as psychometric and pragmatic measure properties, from included articles based on three frameworks: (1) Implementation Outcomes Framework, (2) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and (3) Policy Implementation Determinants Framework. Results Most implementation tools were developed to measure overall wellness policies which combined multiple policy topics (n = 35, 40%) and were in survey form (n = 75, 87%). Fidelity was the most frequently prevalent implementation outcome (n = 70, 81%), followed by adoption (n = 32, 81%). The implementation determinants most assessed were readiness for implementation, including resources (n = 43, 50%), leadership (n = 42, 49%), and policy communication (n = 41, 48%). Overall, measures were low-cost and had easy readability. However, lengthy tools and lack of reported validity/reliability data indicate low transferability. Conclusions Implementation science can contribute to more complete and rigorous assessment of school health policy implementation processes, which can improve implementation strategies and ultimately the intended health benefits. Several high-quality measures of implementation determinants and implementation outcomes can be applied to school health policy implementation assessment. Dissemination and implementation science researchers can also benefit from measurement experiences of school health researchers.

Barriers to Employment among TANF Applicants and Their Consequences for Self-Sufficiency

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Dworsky ◽  
Mark E. Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Milwaukee County ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
Using Data

This article examines the prevalence of potential barriers to employment using data from a longitudinal study of 1,075 Milwaukee County parents who applied for assistance from Wisconsin's TANF program in 1999. It also examines whether those potential barriers were related to their subsequent employment and earnings. We find that many of these TANF applicants faced significant and often multiple barriers to employment. Moreover, these potential barriers were associated with both a reduction in their likelihood of being employed and lower earnings when they worked. The implications of these findings for welfare policy and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals First Nations Children Count: An Indigenous Envelope for Quantitative Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Cindy Blackstock
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Indigenous Child ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Disaggregated Data

Indigneous peoples have increasingly called for disaggregated data to inform policy and practice and yet there has been very little discourse on how to “Indigenenize” quantitative research. This article provides a synopsis of Indigenous research goals before moving onto describe how quantitative research can be placed in an Indigenous envelope to advance Indigenous child health and welfare policy goals.

Epigenetics: rat mum to my Mum?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wastell ◽  
Sue White
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Thought Style ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Licking And Grooming

This chapter explores the epigenetic thought-style in depth, by analysing some of the seminal work on animals. We highlight in particular the work of Michael Meaney and colleagues which has been particularly persuasive in the domain of welfare policy and practice. This work appears to show that rodent mothers who nurture intensively (copious “licking and grooming”) beget more resilient offspring, and that these effects of parenting are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Although the meme is potent, we draw attention to some of the flaws in the primary research, and more generally question the degree to which laboratory studies on animals can (ever) be generalized to human parenting. The idea that epigenetic mechanisms transmit permanent changes is inherently contradictory.

Beyond safety and permanency: Making well-being a focus of policy and practice for children in state care

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Mark E. Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Child Welfare Services ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Child Welfare Policy ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Permanency Outcomes

This essay explores some of the reasons why child welfare policy has too often avoided an explicit focus on child well-being. The historical origins of child welfare services contribute to avoidance of child well-being in policy discourse. In addition, program administrators are reluctant to explicitly take responsibility for the well-being of children they serve because of concerns about added liability, the belief that public institutions other than the child welfare system should be held responsible, and the fear that child welfare services will be unable to ameliorate the damage that children often suffer before entering care. Three empirical studies of child welfare populations in the US are used to examine the inextricable links between child safety, permanency and well-being. It is argued that broadening child welfare policy to embrace child well-being as a policy goal will only enhance the likelihood that child welfare agencies will improve child safety and permanency outcomes.

Social Problems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Danziger ◽  
Karen M. Staller
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Social

Societies greatly vary in how social ills or conditions are framed and addressed. What is socially problematic and why specific societal responses are developed depends on competing social values in social, political, and historic context. Social constructionists examine how some social behaviors and conditions come to be publicly viewed as social problems and how these views shape policy and practice. Recent studies document two contemporary trends—the medicalizing and criminalizing of behavior for labeling problems and subjecting them to institutions of social control. Analyses of the social problems process (Best, 2013; Staller, 2009) allow social workers to consider how power, politics, fears, prejudices, and values “create” what is problematic about a variety of social conditions.

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