7. Human Rights in the Latter Half of the Twentieth Century: Ideological and Institutional Fragmentation

2018 ◽  
pp. 114-142
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Institutional Fragmentation

Honouring Nancy Barnes, nee Brumbie (1927–2012), South Australia’s first qualified Aboriginal Kindergarten Director

2021 ◽  
pp. 183693912199799
Author(s):  
Kay Whitehead ◽  
Belinda MacGill ◽  
Sam Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
Domestic Servant ◽  
White Institutions ◽  
Regional Director ◽  
Childhood And Youth

To date, the work of Aboriginal early childhood educators in the mid-twentieth century has not been widely acknowledged. Nancy Barnes, nee Brumbie (1927–2012), exemplifies the strength and tenacity of Aboriginal Australians who had to negotiate their lives and work in white institutions and a society which denied them fundamental human rights. Nancy graduated from the Adelaide Kindergarten Training College in December 1956 as the first qualified Aboriginal kindergarten director in South Australia. Following on, she was the foundation director of Ida Standley Preschool in Alice Springs (1959–1962) then the first ‘regional director’ in the Kindergarten Union of South Australia. Based on traditional archival research and analysis of public documents and Barnes’ autobiography, the article begins with her childhood and youth as a domestic servant and then explores her career, political activism, experiences of racism and lifelong commitment to addressing inequalities between Aboriginal and white Australians through education.

scholarly journals Keeping Human Rights on the Bioethics Agenda

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
JOSEPH C. d'ORONZIO
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Moral Concept ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal of universal human rights is arguably the most potent moral concept marking the modern world. Its accelerated fruition in the last half of the twentieth century has created a powerful political force, laying the groundwork for future generations to extend and apply. Whereas anything resembling international legal status for human rights had to wait for the post-Nazi era, the bold proclamations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948) loosened a revolutionary force with endless potential for application to the full range of human endeavors. The roots of this movement can be traced to each and every era in which the vulnerable and powerless sought justification to oppose arbitrary domination. Its roots are, therefore, deep and wide.

scholarly journals U-22 Comparison of Common Human Rights with the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the Context of the Farewell Sermon

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-350
Author(s):  
Abdul Razaq ◽  
Muhammad Usman Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Member States ◽  
The World ◽  
United Nations Charter ◽  
United Nation ◽  
As If

The last Hajj performed by the Messenger of Allah is called the Farewell Hajj in two respects. One is that you did the last Hajj and also with reference to the fact that the Holy Prophet himself said in this sermon: O people! By God, I don't know if I will be able to meet you in this place after today. You specifically said, "Ask me questions, learn and ask what you have to ask." I may not be able to meet you like this later this year.It was as if the Holy Prophet himself was saying goodbye. On this occasion, this Hajj is called the Farewell Hajj.The United Nation General Assembly, approved the: "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" on Dec. 1948. Following this historic achievement, the Assembly urged all its member states to make the announcement public and participate in its dissemination. The purpose of this manifesto was to protect basic human rights throughout the world and to find solutions to various problems facing nations. The rights granted to man under the United Nations Charter, established in the twentieth century, were granted to him by Islam fourteen hundred years ago.The 30 articles of the UN Charter define basic human rights in various ways. These provisions relate to social, religious and human rights. When we compare the Farewell Sermon of the Holy Prophet with this Manifesto, where many similarities come to the fore, the differences are also noticeable.

scholarly journals Neokantismo, valores e razão discursiva: aproximações da metodologia jurídica com a axiologia política kantiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-108
Author(s):  
Newton de Oliveira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Procedural Rationality ◽  
Linguistic Methodology ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
Pragmatic Turn ◽  
Legal Methodology

The neokantianism as a philosophical school of thought of Law developed as legal knowledge method that searched for a phenomenological intuition prescribe legal values . The linguistic- pragmatic turn in philosophy in the mid- twentieth century led to the replacement of the legal neokantianism by a linguistic methodology on the Law within a justifying discourse procedure of human rights as core values (liberty, equality, common good) and a procedural rationality who returns to Kant as a defense of State of Law. We will seek to map the discourse and Kantian justification of Law from the thought of Ricardo Terra and its approach to legal values as linguistic objects, paving the way for a new legal methodology based on constructed values arguably and according to the principles of kantian reason.

scholarly journals Democracy and the Preservation of Minority Identity: Fragmentation within the European Human Rights Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-228
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Minority Identity ◽  
European Court ◽  
International Human ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Historical Origins ◽  
Institutional Fragmentation

The international human rights (ihr) and international minority rights (imr) regimes have very different origins. However, the two regimes converged in the 20th century, and imr are now understood to be a sub-regime of ihr. This article argues that the different historical origins of the two regimes impact how actors within each regime interpret their mission, and have resulted in institutional fragmentation within the Council of Europe. The mission of the European Court of Human Rights is the promotion and protection of democracy, whereas the Advisory Committee to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minority’s mission is the preservation of minority identity. In practice, this has led to conflicting interpretations of multi-sourced equivalent norms. It is suggested that inter-institutional dialogue provides an avenue through which these conflicting interpretations can be mediated.

Introduction

Veiled Power ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Doreen Lustig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Business Corporation ◽  
Conceptual Analogy ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Corporations have limited responsibilities in international law but enjoy far-reaching rights and privileges. International legal debates often conceive of this issue as a problem of business accountability for human rights violations. Conceptually, the issue of corporations in international law has focused on whether or not they are, or ought to be, recognized as ‘subjects’ of responsibility in international law and on the adequate conceptual analogy to the corporation. The introduction presents an alternative way of thinking about the role of international law and its relevance to the private business corporation. It traces the emergence of the contemporary legal architecture for corporations in international law and shows how modern international law constitutes a framework within which businesses and governments allocate resources and responsibilities—a framework that began to operate as early as the late-nineteenth century and continued throughout the twentieth century.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ewing Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Director General ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Security Service ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Cold War

This introductory chapter provides an overview of MI5, one of a number of security agencies. The Security Service was created in 1909, initially to deal with the problems of German espionage. Although its existence was acknowledged by government and its Director General (DG) sometimes referred to it in the press, the Official Secrets Act 1911 ensured that the activities of MI5 were protected from unwelcome public activity for much of the twentieth century. During this time, however, the great bulk of MI5’s attention was devoted to the Communist Party, its members and related organizations and during the Cold War this was its principal pre-occupation. The chapter assesses the extent to which MI5’s violations of civil liberties were sanctioned by the law, and by the human rights obligations then emerging. This is asked against a background of constitutional principle. The first and most significant of these principles is the Rule of Law.

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