Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Lipson Freed
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
Narrative Ethics ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Ethical Relation ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Tools And Methods ◽  
Rhetorical Narrative

This chapter establishes the fundamental question at the heart of the manuscript: in an increasingly interconnected world, shaped by persistent inequalities and asymmetries of power, what role can literature play in bringing us into ethical relation with one another? Bringing the tools and methods of rhetorical narrative theory to bear on the abiding concerns of ethnic and postcolonial literature, the Introduction complicates existing models of narrative ethics, both those grounded in empathy (sameness), and those that celebrate alterity (difference). Ultimately, this chapter offers haunting as a metaphor for the complex relationships that certain works of global fiction forge with their readers across boundaries of difference: intense, temporary, and potentially transformative.

Haunting Encounters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Lipson Freed
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Narrative Ethics ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Fundamental Tension ◽  
Tools And Methods

Beginning with the basic conviction that acts of cross-cultural reading have ethical consequences, Haunting Encounters traces the narrative strategies through which certain works fiction forge connections with their readers—in particular, their white, Western readers—across boundaries of difference. Through the formal and aesthetic negotiations they carry out, which both draw readers in and set limits on their imaginative engagements, these works respond in concrete ways to the asymmetries of their circulation and consumption in our contemporary global age. By bringing the tools and methods of rhetorical narrative theory to bear on well-known works of ethnic and postcolonial literature, Haunting Encounters revises existing models of narrative ethics—both those based on empathy, and those grounded in alterity—to account for the particular complications and stakes of staging cross-cultural encounters in and through fiction. Illustrating that both sameness and difference are essential elements of our ethical encounters with fictional texts, Haunting Encounters ultimately advocates for a practice of global, comparative literary analysis that is energized, rather than confounded, by this fundamental tension.

scholarly journals Do Catastrophes in Poor Countries Lead to Event-Related Policy Change?: The 2010 Earthquake in Haiti

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise D.P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Focusing Event ◽  
Tools And Methods

Prompted by Birkland and Warnement’s (2014) findings that the earthquake was not a significant focusing event in Haiti, the author reassessed the issue. Using the 2010 earthquake as the starting point, a detailed content analysis of evaluation and strategy report and DRR and developmental plans to find the level of policy adopted and implemented after the earthquake. Using the criterion of event-related implementation as a proxy for event-related policy change the author judges whether and to what extent was the earthquake a focusing event. Among the findings are that not only were there event-related policy change inside and outside of Haiti. Many policy changes were significant in the way they shaped development policy, disaster risk reduction policy and practice as well as humanitarian policy and practices and the tools and methods used in planning for and responding to catastrophes. The more fundamental question is whether, once adopted and implemented, the policy changes can be sustained.  Findings show significant challenges in that regard. 

scholarly journals Ricœur’s Extended Hermeneutic Translation Theory: Metaphysics, Narrative, Ethics, Politics

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Kharmandar
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Narrative Ethics ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Processing Component ◽  
Ethics And Politics

The purpose of this study is to propose the structural outline and conceptual framework of a Ricœurian translation theory. Following a discussion on the ambiguities around situating Ricœur in translation theory, three major interlinked components of the theory are explored. First, the metaphysics of meaning and translation is established based on Ricœur’s hermeneutics of infinitude. Then, the language-processing component is constructed through an incorporation of Ricœur’s narrative theory. Finally, the ethics and politics of translation, particularly in globalization, are founded based on Ricœur’s “age of hermeneutics theory.”

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING GEOSPARQL REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTICIPATORY URBAN PLANNING

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-4/W7 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
E. Mohammadi ◽  
A. J. S. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Semantic Web Services ◽  
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Topological Methods ◽  
Participatory Gis ◽  
Topological Relationships ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Spatial Entities ◽  
Tools And Methods

We propose that participatory GIS (PGIS) activities including participatory urban planning can be made more efficient and effective if spatial reasoning rules are integrated with PGIS tools to simplify engagement for public contributors. Spatial reasoning is used to describe relationships between spatial entities. These relationships can be evaluated quantitatively or qualitatively using geometrical algorithms, ontological relations, and topological methods. Semantic web services utilize tools and methods that can facilitate spatial reasoning. GeoSPARQL, introduced by OGC, is a spatial reasoning standard used to make declarations about entities (graphical contributions) that take the form of a subject-predicate-object triple or statement. GeoSPARQL uses three basic methods to infer topological relationships between spatial entities, including: OGC's simple feature topology, RCC8, and the DE-9IM model. While these methods are comprehensive in their ability to define topological relationships between spatial entities, they are often inadequate for defining complex relationships that exist in the spatial realm. Particularly relationships between urban entities, such as those between a bus route, the collection of associated bus stops and their overall surroundings as an urban planning pattern. In this paper we investigate common qualitative spatial reasoning methods as a preliminary step to enhancing the capabilities of GeoSPARQL in an online participatory GIS framework in which reasoning is used to validate plans based on standard patterns that can be found in an efficient/effective urban environment.

The Language of Technoself

2013 ◽  
pp. 64-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Fornaciari
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Presentation Of Self ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Do So

The goal of this chapter is to suggest theoretical means to address a fundamental question, what strategies do people use when presenting their selves online? This implies another question, how do people react to the context collapse when shaping their online profiles? The chapter analyzes the concept of identity and provides an analytical approach to the presentation of self online where traditional contextual and non-verbal cues lack. It tackles the issue of self presentation online through the frameworks of symbolic interactionism and narrative theory. The initial hypothesis is that individuals create online selves based on their offline selves; they attempt to shape online personas using similar communication strategies than in the offline world, but do so lacking traditional social cues, and this may generate dissonance for individuals who struggle defining the features of an imagined audience.

Trophoblast Cell Membrane Interactions at Implantation

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
A. C. Enders
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Trophoblast Cell ◽  
Membrane Interactions ◽  
Uterine Epithelial Cells ◽  
Functional Complex ◽  
Cytotrophoblast Cells ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Syncytial Trophoblast

The alteration in membrane relationships seen at implantation include 1) interaction between cytotrophoblast cells to form syncytial trophoblast and addition to the syncytium by subsequent fusion of cytotrophoblast cells, 2) formation of a wide variety of functional complex relationships by trophoblast with uterine epithelial cells in the process of invasion of the endometrium, and 3) in the case of the rabbit, fusion of some uterine epithelial cells with the trophoblast.Formation of syncytium is apparently a membrane fusion phenomenon in which rapid confluence of cytoplasm often results in isolation of residual membrane within masses of syncytial trophoblast. Often the last areas of membrane to disappear are those including a desmosome where the cell membranes are apparently held apart from fusion.

A procedure for cross-sectioning materials for TEM analysis without ion milling

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
J.P. Benedict ◽  
Ron Anderson ◽  
S. J. Klepeis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Cleaning Operation ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Platinum Silicide ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Polishing Damage ◽  
Tools And Methods

Traditional specimen preparation procedures for non-biological samples, especially cross section preparation procedures, involves subjecting the specimen to ion milling for times ranging from minutes to tens of hours. Long ion milling time produces surface alteration, atomic number and rough-surface topography artifacts, and high temperatures. The introduction of new tools and methods in this laboratory improved our ability to mechanically thin specimens to a point where ion milling time was reduced to one to ten minutes. Very short ion milling times meant that ion milling was more of a cleaning operation than a thinning operation. The preferential thinning and the surface topography that still existed in briefly ion milled samples made the study of interfaces between materials such as platinum silicide and silicon difficult. These two problems can be eliminated by completely eliminating the ion milling step and mechanically polishing the sample to TEM transparency with the procedure outlined in this communication. Previous successful efforts leading to mechanically thinned specimens have shown that problems center on tool tilt control, removal of polishing damage, and specimen cleanliness.

Assessing Language and Literacy Skills of School-Aged Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Jennifer Walz Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Treatment Goals ◽  
Miscue Analysis ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Tools And Methods

Abstract School-based speech-language pathologists assess students to establish eligibility, collect baselines for treatment goals, determine progress during intervention and verify generalization of skills. Selecting appropriate assessment tools and methods can be challenging due to time constraints, agency regulations, and availability of tests. This article will describe legal considerations, types of assessments, and the factors involved with the selection and use of various assessment procedures and tools. In addition, speech-language pathologists will learn to calculate words correct per minute (WCPM) and perform miscue analysis, which can provide additional language and literacy information about a child's educational needs.

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