Grasping the Dilemma
This chapter summarizes the theory and the supporting empirical evidence on rulers who commit massive human rights abuses and are now held accountable in a way that was unthinkable just a few decades ago. It explains how the pursuit of international justice has reshaped the world politics and the trend toward holding leaders accountable for atrocity crimes complicates the exile option. It also discusses how the attractiveness of a foreign retirement is conditional on a leader's culpability for mass atrocities in the new era of accountability. The chapter refers to the justice cascade that shapes the behavior of leaders while they are still in power as they influence the viability of exile as a retirement option. It clarifies how the justice cascade deters atrocities as leaders know that committing abuses will decrease their exit options if they ever need to flee abroad.