scholarly journals Kirjanduslikud digikeskkonnad keeleressursside baasina: mõjukriitika juhtumiuuring päringusüsteemis KORP / Digital literary heritage projects as a source of language resources: a case of Estonian criticism in KORP

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Laak
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Query System

Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum on olnud teerajajaid digihumanitaaria valdkonnas juba 1990. aastatest, alates arvutikultuuri laiemast levikust. Väärtuslike andmekogude haldamisel on olnud missiooniks nende kättesaadavaks tegemine avalikkusele. Kultuuripärand avati laiemale kasutajale kahes suunas: sisupõhised otsitavad andmebaasid ning suhtepõhised andmekeskkonnad. Siinse artikli eesmärgiks on näidata arvutusliku kirjandusteaduse tänapäevaseid võimalusi ja nendega seotud kirjanduslike keeleressursside loomist koostöös korpuslingvistidega. Artiklis analüüsin kultuuripärandi sisukeskkondade ja andmekoguside kasutusvõimalusi masinloetava keeleressursina. Esimeste selliste katsetena on valminud kirjavahetuse ja kriitika märgendatud keelekorpused päringusüsteemis KORP. Käesolev uurimus toob on 20. sajandi alguse mõjukriitika probleemi näitel välja kirjanduslike keelekorpuste potentsiaali kultuuripärandi uurimisel.   Estonia can soon expect an explosive growth in digital heritage and text resources due to the current project of mass digitisation of national cultural heritage (printed books, archival documents, photos, art, audiovisual, and ethnographic artifacts) (2019–2023). This will give new opportunities for different fields of digital humanities and make digitised heritage accessible to everyone in the form of open data. The project will focus on the usage of the heritage, on the needs of education, e-learning, and the creative industry, including digital creative arts. The aim of this article is to examine some research possibilities that opened up for literary history due to the digitisation of literary works and archival sources and to put them in the general context of digital humanities. Although the field of digital humanities is broad, the meaning of DH is often reduced to methods of computational language-centered analyses, mainly based on using different tools and software languages (R, Stylo, Phyton, Gephy, Top Modelling etc.). While the corpus-based research is already a professional standard in linguistics, literary scholars are still more used to working with traditional methods. This article introduces two digital literary history projects belonging to the field of digital humanities and analyses them as language resources for creating texts corpora, and introduces some results of the case study of Estonian criticism from the Young Estonia movement up to the 1920s, carried out using the literary texts corpora in the corpus query system KORP (https://korp.keeleressursid.ee) by the Centre of Estonian Language Resources. During the past twenty years, I have mainly focussed on developing large-scale implementation projects for digital representation of Estonian literary history. The objective of these experimental projects has been to develop principally new non-linear models of Estonian literary history for the digital environment. These activities were based on my research of the intertextual relations between authors, literary works, and critical texts using traditional methods. The first content-based literary history project “ERNI. Estonian Literary History in Texts 1924–1925” (www2.kirmus.ee/erni) was based on a hypertextual network of literary source texts and reviews. We re-conceptualised literary history as a non-linear narrative and a gallery with many entrances. The task of the project was also to ensure its usability in education: a significant number of study materials has been added in cooperation with schoolteachers. In 2004, we initiated our long-term and still running project “Kreutzwald’s Century: the Estonian Cultural History Web” (http://kreutzwald.kirmus.ee) at the Estonian Literary Museum. The objective of this project was to make literary sources of the period accessible as the dynamic, interactive information environment. This was a hybrid project which synthesised the classical study of Estonian literary history, the needs of the digital media user, and the expanding digital resources from different memory institutions; its underlying idea was to link together all the works of fiction of an author, as well as their biography, manuscripts, and photos and to make them visible for the user on five interactive time axes. The project uses a specially created platform. Today, this platform is extensively used by schoolteachers: in 2020 (Jan.–Dec.) it had about 8, 986.555 million clicks and during seven years (2013 Dec.–2020 Dec.) it has collected 64, 627.380 million clicks. To find out how we can fit such content-based models of literary heritage into the context of Digital Humanities we need to compare the previous modelling practices with our current experimental project in the corpus query system KORP. Our interdisciplinary project “Literary Studies Meet Corpus Linguistics” (2017–2020) concentrated on studying literary history sources with linguistic methods. As the result of the project two literary text corpora were created: “Epistolary text corpus of Estonian writers Johannes Semper and Johannes Vares-Barbarus” and “Corpus of the Estonian literary criticism, Noor-Eesti and the 1920s”. Both of them were pilot projects in the field, started with converting the digitalised archival and printed sources into machine-readable format before text and data mining for corpus creation. Query system KORP allows us to organise the language data by all the categories used in the corpus, for example, to learn who and in what context mentioned the name of the French writer André Gide. The second currently running project is the morphologically annotated corpus of literary criticism. This corpus contains texts of literary reviews and criticism in different genres, drawn from the projects ERNI and “Kreutzwald’s Century”. The first results in studying the dynamics of literary values can already be seen. A query in KORP about the word ‘mõju’ (‘influence’) revealed that the manifesto “More of European culture!”of the group Young Estonia, voiced in 1905, was during the independent Estonian Republic replaced by the valuing of a specific national character. Corpus query showed a change in the meaning of the word: in the criticism contemporary to Young Estonia, the word ‘mõju’ was only associated with the historical pressure from Russian and German cultures. The foundation for modern comparative linguistics at the University of Tartu was laid in the 1920s by the professorship in Estonian literature.

scholarly journals PANTELEIMON KULISH AS LITERARY CRITIC: PROTECTING THE NATIVE LANGUAGE AND NATIONAL CULTURE

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Zhanna Yankovska
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Social Activist ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
New Research

The figure of Panteleimon Kulish is particularly prominent and influential for Ukrainian culture. But not all his works have not been published yet. Numerous of generations of scholars have studied his literary heritage and research works. These studies have been more and more elaborated with every stage in the Ukrainian humanities’ development due to the application of new research methods. Intersectionality of the writer’s literary and research interests determines the approaches to the study of his copious achievements as an author, poet, historian, translator, folklore researcher, literary critic, publisher, and social activist. Since his literary and research works were first published and up to nowadays, they have been studied by M. Kostomarov, O. Bodianskyi, M .Zerov, V. Petrov, O.Vertii, Ye. Nakhlik, Ya. Harasym, V. Ivashkiv, O. Fedoruk and many other scholars. Nevertheless, his works devoted to literary criticism require more rigorous scrutiny. They have been studied mainly from the perspective of P. Kulish’s evaluation of various works by particular writers. The attention should be drawn to the fact that, in the meantime, he repeatedly emphasized the importance of preserving the Ukrainian language and national culture, its uniqueness and significance. As a matter of fact, the analysis of certain literary criticism studies through this perspective is the main purpose of the article. Having conducted this study, it is necessary to conclude that living under conditions of the imperial censorship, total prohibition of everything related to Ukrainian culture, P. Kulish was always a zealous advocate of the native language, culture and national interests of the Ukrainians. Such views are widely presented in his literary criticism’ works and serve as the basis for the main analyzed material. After all, he proved it by all his life, including his literary works.

scholarly journals Reception of Doris Lessing`s literary works literary works in scientific discourse

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Feminist Discourse ◽  
Literary Heritage

The article is devoted to the study of literary heritage reception of modern British writer Doris Lessing, whose work had a significant influence as on the development of English and American literature at XX – XXI centuries, and the feminist thought as well. The article outlines the state of study of the question concerning research of the writer's creativity in contemporary foreign and national literary criticism. Different approaches of the literary critics concerning the analysis of Doris Lessing`s novels are systematized. The main research vectors of the writer's creative heritage are determined. In foreign literary critique writer`s novels were studied mainly in feminist discourse. The attention of scholars was concentrated mainly on the works of “Golden Notebook”, “Grass is singing”, “Children of Violence”. In the national scientific discourse were revealed such following directions of studying of the D. Lessing`s heritage, as: 1) psychological approach (M. Horlach, I. Zimomriia, V. Lutsyk, M. Mykolaichyk); 2) identification of writer's artistic thinking features in the aspect of feminism (V. Savina, L. Miroshnychenko, I. Shapovalova); 3) an analysis of socio-political aspects of author`s creativity (L. Miroshnichenko, A. Shpytal); 4) poetical investigation of D. Lessing`s poetics works (M. Gorlach, V. Kramar) 5) discovery of the cultural-historical context V. Lutsyk, L. Miroshnichenko); 6) revealing features of the writer's creative method (O. Podkoritovа); 7) paratextual approach (L. Miroshnichenko). In foreign literature, the following main aspects of the study of the legacy D. Lessing were revealed: 1) feminist (L. Scott); 2) historical (S. Watkins, M. Drebl, G. Green); 3) psychological (B. Drain, P. Perrakis); 4) culturological K. Fishburne, N. Hardin); 5) a comparative approach (L. Scott); 6) eco-feminist approach (N. Aldeeb); 7) pedagogical (T. Sperlinger).

Shakespeare's Hamlet

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Dramatic Form

Hamlet has long been recognized as concerned with fundamental philosophical issues about identity, responsibility, intimacy, mourning, and agency. How is the play’s address to these issues structured by its distinctively powerful literary-dramatic form and language? What might philosophy have to learn from its mode of address? Is such learning affected by Hamlet being not merely literature, but literature designed to be embodied and voiced on a stage? And what light, in turn, might attention to philosophical themes cast on the play’s development and interest, in other words, does literary criticism gain or lose when tempted to employ literary works as gateways enabling abstract reflection? This book brings together a team of leading literary scholars and philosophers who were invited to probe philosophical dimensions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Authors diverge in what they focus on: what is shown by Hamlet’s words, what is shown by Hamlet (despite his words), what is shown by Hamlet, what is shown by Hamlet’s interpreters. “Philosophy in literature” does not, accordingly, possess a consistent meaning throughout this volume. Some essays inquire into Hamlet’s own insights. Others assess the significance of philosophy’s literary-dramatic framing by this play. Still others trace the philosophically relevant underpinnings exposed by historical transformations in Hamlet’s reception. Subjectivity, knowledge, sex, grief, self-theatricalization—these are but some of the topics examined in overlapping ways in the emerging symposium.

De cultuurhistorische waarde van de literatuur

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Lies Wesseling
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Gothic Novel ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Post War ◽  
Literary System ◽  
Specific Expertise

This article probes the extent to which literary history and cultural history may mutuallyilluminate each other, without neglecting the poetic dimension of literary works. Thispoetic dimension is embedded within the genre repertoires that shape the production andreception of literary works. One should therefore take into close account that the literaryrepresentation of social conflict is always deflected by the prism of genre conventions.Focusing on the case study of the Dutch Gothic novel, I argue that Gothic tales provide aspecific take on the post-war modernization of the Netherlands. As such, they make avaluable contribution to historical debates about the periodization of the sixties andseventies, not in spite of, but because of their specific poetic properties. Thus, it is verywell possible to bring literary works to bear upon the discussion of historical issueswithout either infringing upon the relative autonomy of the literary system or neglectingthe specific expertise of literary studies as a discipline in its own rights.

scholarly journals Rolling back Modernity: Selective Tradition and Contemporary Literary Politics in the South Pacific

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lawn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Selective Tradition ◽  
Literary Politics ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

This article relates Raymond Williams’s concept of “selective tradition” to the shaping of literary history in Aotearoa New Zealand. It makes the case for the ongoing salience of Williams’s narrative of modernity as a “long revolution,” and his sense of the threats to democratic and cultural participation around the turn of the 21st century, as a framework for situating recent cultural politics. The article closes with some suggestions for possible future directions for the development of locally-based materialist literary criticism.

scholarly journals Translocal Anglo-India and the Multilingual Reading Public

PMLA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-298
Author(s):  
James Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
British East India Company ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Poetry ◽  
Anglo Indian

This article proposes a new literary history of British Asia that examines its earliest communities and cultural institutions in translocal and regional registers. Combining translocalism and regionalism redefines Anglo‐Indian writing as constituted by multisited forces, only one of which is the reciprocal exchange between Britain and its colonies that has been the prevailing emphasis of literary criticism about empire. I focus on the eighteenth century's overlooked military men and lowlevel colonial administrators who wrote newspaper verse, travel poetry, and plays. I place their compositions in an institutional chronicle defined by the “cultural company‐state,” the British East India Company, which patronized and censored Anglo- India's multilingual reading publics. In the process of arguing for Anglo‐Indian literature as a local and regional creation, I consider the how the terms British and anglophone should function in literary studies of colonialism organized not by hybridity or creolization but by geographic relations of distinction. (JM)

Literary History & Literary Criticism: Acta of the Ninth Congress International Federation for Modern Languages & Literature.

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Louis Kampf ◽  
Leon Edel ◽  
Kenneth McKee ◽  
William M. Gibson ◽  
Rene Wellek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
International Federation
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