Literary History & Literary Criticism: Acta of the Ninth Congress International Federation for Modern Languages & Literature.

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Louis Kampf ◽  
Leon Edel ◽  
Kenneth McKee ◽  
William M. Gibson ◽  
Rene Wellek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
International Federation

scholarly journals Kirjanduslikud digikeskkonnad keeleressursside baasina: mõjukriitika juhtumiuuring päringusüsteemis KORP / Digital literary heritage projects as a source of language resources: a case of Estonian criticism in KORP

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Laak
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Query System

Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum on olnud teerajajaid digihumanitaaria valdkonnas juba 1990. aastatest, alates arvutikultuuri laiemast levikust. Väärtuslike andmekogude haldamisel on olnud missiooniks nende kättesaadavaks tegemine avalikkusele. Kultuuripärand avati laiemale kasutajale kahes suunas: sisupõhised otsitavad andmebaasid ning suhtepõhised andmekeskkonnad. Siinse artikli eesmärgiks on näidata arvutusliku kirjandusteaduse tänapäevaseid võimalusi ja nendega seotud kirjanduslike keeleressursside loomist koostöös korpuslingvistidega. Artiklis analüüsin kultuuripärandi sisukeskkondade ja andmekoguside kasutusvõimalusi masinloetava keeleressursina. Esimeste selliste katsetena on valminud kirjavahetuse ja kriitika märgendatud keelekorpused päringusüsteemis KORP. Käesolev uurimus toob on 20. sajandi alguse mõjukriitika probleemi näitel välja kirjanduslike keelekorpuste potentsiaali kultuuripärandi uurimisel.   Estonia can soon expect an explosive growth in digital heritage and text resources due to the current project of mass digitisation of national cultural heritage (printed books, archival documents, photos, art, audiovisual, and ethnographic artifacts) (2019–2023). This will give new opportunities for different fields of digital humanities and make digitised heritage accessible to everyone in the form of open data. The project will focus on the usage of the heritage, on the needs of education, e-learning, and the creative industry, including digital creative arts. The aim of this article is to examine some research possibilities that opened up for literary history due to the digitisation of literary works and archival sources and to put them in the general context of digital humanities. Although the field of digital humanities is broad, the meaning of DH is often reduced to methods of computational language-centered analyses, mainly based on using different tools and software languages (R, Stylo, Phyton, Gephy, Top Modelling etc.). While the corpus-based research is already a professional standard in linguistics, literary scholars are still more used to working with traditional methods. This article introduces two digital literary history projects belonging to the field of digital humanities and analyses them as language resources for creating texts corpora, and introduces some results of the case study of Estonian criticism from the Young Estonia movement up to the 1920s, carried out using the literary texts corpora in the corpus query system KORP (https://korp.keeleressursid.ee) by the Centre of Estonian Language Resources. During the past twenty years, I have mainly focussed on developing large-scale implementation projects for digital representation of Estonian literary history. The objective of these experimental projects has been to develop principally new non-linear models of Estonian literary history for the digital environment. These activities were based on my research of the intertextual relations between authors, literary works, and critical texts using traditional methods. The first content-based literary history project “ERNI. Estonian Literary History in Texts 1924–1925” (www2.kirmus.ee/erni) was based on a hypertextual network of literary source texts and reviews. We re-conceptualised literary history as a non-linear narrative and a gallery with many entrances. The task of the project was also to ensure its usability in education: a significant number of study materials has been added in cooperation with schoolteachers. In 2004, we initiated our long-term and still running project “Kreutzwald’s Century: the Estonian Cultural History Web” (http://kreutzwald.kirmus.ee) at the Estonian Literary Museum. The objective of this project was to make literary sources of the period accessible as the dynamic, interactive information environment. This was a hybrid project which synthesised the classical study of Estonian literary history, the needs of the digital media user, and the expanding digital resources from different memory institutions; its underlying idea was to link together all the works of fiction of an author, as well as their biography, manuscripts, and photos and to make them visible for the user on five interactive time axes. The project uses a specially created platform. Today, this platform is extensively used by schoolteachers: in 2020 (Jan.–Dec.) it had about 8, 986.555 million clicks and during seven years (2013 Dec.–2020 Dec.) it has collected 64, 627.380 million clicks. To find out how we can fit such content-based models of literary heritage into the context of Digital Humanities we need to compare the previous modelling practices with our current experimental project in the corpus query system KORP. Our interdisciplinary project “Literary Studies Meet Corpus Linguistics” (2017–2020) concentrated on studying literary history sources with linguistic methods. As the result of the project two literary text corpora were created: “Epistolary text corpus of Estonian writers Johannes Semper and Johannes Vares-Barbarus” and “Corpus of the Estonian literary criticism, Noor-Eesti and the 1920s”. Both of them were pilot projects in the field, started with converting the digitalised archival and printed sources into machine-readable format before text and data mining for corpus creation. Query system KORP allows us to organise the language data by all the categories used in the corpus, for example, to learn who and in what context mentioned the name of the French writer André Gide. The second currently running project is the morphologically annotated corpus of literary criticism. This corpus contains texts of literary reviews and criticism in different genres, drawn from the projects ERNI and “Kreutzwald’s Century”. The first results in studying the dynamics of literary values can already be seen. A query in KORP about the word ‘mõju’ (‘influence’) revealed that the manifesto “More of European culture!”of the group Young Estonia, voiced in 1905, was during the independent Estonian Republic replaced by the valuing of a specific national character. Corpus query showed a change in the meaning of the word: in the criticism contemporary to Young Estonia, the word ‘mõju’ was only associated with the historical pressure from Russian and German cultures. The foundation for modern comparative linguistics at the University of Tartu was laid in the 1920s by the professorship in Estonian literature.

scholarly journals Rolling back Modernity: Selective Tradition and Contemporary Literary Politics in the South Pacific

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lawn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Selective Tradition ◽  
Literary Politics ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

This article relates Raymond Williams’s concept of “selective tradition” to the shaping of literary history in Aotearoa New Zealand. It makes the case for the ongoing salience of Williams’s narrative of modernity as a “long revolution,” and his sense of the threats to democratic and cultural participation around the turn of the 21st century, as a framework for situating recent cultural politics. The article closes with some suggestions for possible future directions for the development of locally-based materialist literary criticism.

scholarly journals Translocal Anglo-India and the Multilingual Reading Public

PMLA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-298
Author(s):  
James Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
British East India Company ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Poetry ◽  
Anglo Indian

This article proposes a new literary history of British Asia that examines its earliest communities and cultural institutions in translocal and regional registers. Combining translocalism and regionalism redefines Anglo‐Indian writing as constituted by multisited forces, only one of which is the reciprocal exchange between Britain and its colonies that has been the prevailing emphasis of literary criticism about empire. I focus on the eighteenth century's overlooked military men and lowlevel colonial administrators who wrote newspaper verse, travel poetry, and plays. I place their compositions in an institutional chronicle defined by the “cultural company‐state,” the British East India Company, which patronized and censored Anglo- India's multilingual reading publics. In the process of arguing for Anglo‐Indian literature as a local and regional creation, I consider the how the terms British and anglophone should function in literary studies of colonialism organized not by hybridity or creolization but by geographic relations of distinction. (JM)

Avant-gardes in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: New Perspectives

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
NORBERT BANDIER
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture

The time has come for researchers into innovative movements in art and literature in the first half of the twentieth century to break free from traditional investigative frameworks. The works reviewed here belong to different disciplines – art history, literary history, literary criticism, history – but all show a shift of perspectives in the history of culture. They point to a reassessment of the theoretical models we use to understand modern art and literature. Those models are – in this case as they relate to the avant-garde – nuanced, refined, developed and sometimes even invalidated. Though some of these works are not wholly devoted to the European avant-gardes, they do deal with the international circulation of modern art in, to or from Europe, studied here in its lesser-known aspects. Moreover, they all to some extent examine the artist’s responsibility to the community, or the state’s responsibility to art. This theme of responsibility runs through all these works, either in its ethical dimension or as an aspect of the social function of art, especially when art has to confront an entertainment culture or is roped in as part of cultural policy.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Teori Sastra (Suatu Pengantar)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felta Lafamane
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Practical Nature

AbstractNormatively, literary studies are divided into several fields, namely literary theory, literary history, literary criticism, comparative literature and literary studies. Literary theory studies people's views of literature. Literary history seeks to compile and study literary works as part of the process of intellectual history in one society. The history of literary theory can be seen as part of philosophical thinking because the history of literary theory itself is the same as the history of human thought towards art or literary objects which emphasize the more practical nature of the translation of concepts. Literary theory itself can essentially be equated with the science of beauty or aesthetics. Science and theory are certainly one different thing. With such an assumption, writing the history of literary theory is the same as writing aesthetic history in the field of literary arts. However, the history of the theory needs to be known and understood so that there are no mistakes in thinking about these two things. Literary theory itself has various meanings along with the paradigm it carries. Literary theory is defined as a set of ideas and methods used to practice literary reading. Literary theory is also interpreted as a way or step to understand literature. The views in literary theory also experience changes along with the development of human thinking.Keyword: development, literary theory, history, literature

scholarly journals Ethnic Literature and Slovak American Research

Ars Aeterna ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Diana Židová
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Literary History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Ethnic Literature ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
American Research ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The article outlines the beginnings of ethnic literature research in the United States of America with regards to its reception from the 1960s to the 1980s. Aesthetic merit as a leading consideration in the evaluation of literary works, in view of the opinions of numerous critics, is quite problematic to apply in the case of Czech and Polish literature. Considering the output of Slovak-American research in the field of literary criticism and literary history, the results are not satisfactory either. There are a few works that provide valuable insight into the literature of the Slovak diaspora.

scholarly journals Typological Particularities of the Newspaper “Literaturа Plіus”

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
Daria Kharamurza
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

The main objective of the study is to characterize the newspaper “Literaturа plіus” as an example of high-quality literary and art periodicals, to determine typological particularities of the newspaper. Methodology. The research was conducted using the following methods: historical and descriptive methods as well as analysis, synthesis, content analysis and generalization. With the help of these methods, the dynamics of changes of the newspaper “Literature plіus” were studied during the whole period of its existence, its content was analyzed and its comprehensive description was given. Results. The newspaper “Literaturа plіus” informed its readers about the new books, published the texts of Ukrainian postmodernists, and gave a qualitative analysis of the modern processes at the literary, cultural, and socio-political life of the country. The audience of the newspaper was the intellectual community of Ukraine that was open to critical dialogue and thirsty for change. The content analysis of the newspaper allowed ascertaining that division according to subject headings was formed according to genre-thematic principle. Its publication frequency was changed a few times. “Literaturа plіus” highlighted the following topics – the modern Ukrainian literature, the world literary process, the literary criticism, the book publishing, the concepts of literary theory, the problems of literary history, the feminist and gender studies, the phenomena of modern culture. The newspaper involved intellectuals in the debate of topical issues of literature and culture. Conclusions. The typological particularities of the newspaper “Literaturа plіus” were analyzed for the first time in the article. The author ascertained that focusing on the traditions and methods of the western studies throughout its existence, the newspaper “Literaturа plіus” showed a high level of literary criticism and was one of the most interesting literary and artistic magazines in Ukraine.

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