THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON BODY COMPOSITION AND RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN COLLEGE WOMEN

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise around the world, not only in the West, but also in Asian countries. South Asian countries in particular are experiencing a rapid increase in overweight and obesity, that coexists with the rapid increase in non-communicable diseases linked to obesity such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease than any other country in Asia. The phenomena observed in South Asian countries are due to the size of the population, the ageing of the population, the high degree of urbanization and the lifestyle changes in favor of increased energy consumption and reduced physical activity. The imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure results in the development of a positive energy balance that, over time, accumulates in higher body fat. South Asians were reported to have a more unfavorable body composition with a higher percentage of body fat than Caucasians with an equivalent BMI. Body composition is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. It has been reported that South Asians have a lower resting energy expenditure than Caucasians with the same BMI. Resting energy expenditure accounts for the majority of total daily energy expenditure and, therefore, plays a crucial role in achieving the balance between energy intake and expenditure.

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Energy Metabolism in Relation to Diet and Physical Activity: A South Asian Perspective

10.20944/preprints202108.0442.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Siti Narsito Wulan ◽

Qaisar Raza ◽

Hera Sisca Pramita ◽

Erryana Martati ◽

Jaya Mahar Maligan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

South Asian ◽

South Asians ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Resting Energy

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide not only in Western countries but also in Asian countries. Among Asian countries, South Asian countries experience the rapid increase of overweight and obesity that co-exist with the rapid increase of obesity-related non communicable diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular. The phenomena in South Asian countries are triggered by growth in population size, population aging, urbanization and changes in lifestyle including increases in energy intake and reductions in physical activity. The imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure leads to the development of positive energy balance, which over the time acumulate in a higher body fat. South Asians were reported to have a more unfavorable body composition with a higher body fat percentage as compared to BMI-matched Caucasians. The differences in body composition between South Asians and Caucasians contribute to differences in resting energy expenditure, in which South Asians have a lower resting energy expenditure as compared to BMI-matched Caucasians. Resting energy expenditure is the largest component of daily total energy expenditure, and therefore play an important role in determining the energy balance between energy intake and expenditure.

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P298 EFFECTS OF DIET COMBINED WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS ON BODY COMPOSITION AND RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Clinical Nutrition Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1744-1161(09)70348-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 150-151

Author(s):

Q.Y. Tang ◽

X.F. Zheng ◽

W. Cai

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Obese Children ◽

Physical Activity Interventions ◽

Resting Energy

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The Diagnostic-Measurement Method—Resting Energy Expenditure Assessment of Polish Children Practicing Football

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

Edyta Łuszczki ◽

Anna Bartosiewicz ◽

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

Maciej Kuchciak ◽

Łukasz Oleksy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Indirect Calorimetry ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Body Height ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Blood Pressure Monitor ◽

Resting Energy

Establishing the amount of energy needed to cover the energy demand of children doing sport training and thus ensuring they achieve an even energy balance requires the resting energy expenditure (REE) to be estimated. One of the methods that measures REE is the indirect calorimetry method, which may be influenced by many factors, including body composition, gender, age, height or blood pressure. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the resting energy expenditure of children regularly playing football and selected factors that influence the REE in this group. The study was conducted among 219 children aged 9 to 17 using a calorimeter, a device used to assess body composition by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of segment analyzer and a blood pressure monitor. The results of REE obtained by indirect calorimetry were compared with the results calculated using the ready-to-use formula, the Harris Benedict formula. The results showed a significant correlation of girls’ resting energy expenditure with muscle mass and body height, while boys’ resting energy expenditure was correlated with muscle mass and body water content. The value of the REE was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) than the value of the basal metabolic rate calculated by means of Harris Benedict formula. The obtained results can be a worthwhile suggestion for specialists dealing with energy demand planning in children, especially among those who are physically active to achieve optimal sporting successes ensuring proper functioning of their body.

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Female rats selectively bred for high intrinsic aerobic fitness are protected from ovariectomy-associated metabolic dysfunction

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00401.2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 308 (6) ◽

pp. R530-R542 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Victoria J. Vieira-Potter ◽

Jaume Padilla ◽

Young-Min Park ◽

Rebecca J. Welly ◽

Rebecca J. Scroggins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Female Rats ◽

Metabolic Dysfunction ◽

Spontaneous Physical Activity ◽

Resting Energy

Ovariectomized rodents model human menopause in that they rapidly gain weight, reduce spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and develop metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance. How contrasting aerobic fitness levels impacts ovariectomy (OVX)-associated metabolic dysfunction is not known. Female rats selectively bred for high and low intrinsic aerobic fitness [high-capacity runners (HCR) and low-capacity runners (LCR), respectively] were maintained under sedentary conditions for 39 wk. Midway through the observation period, OVX or sham (SHM) operations were performed providing HCR-SHM, HCR-OVX, LCR-SHM, and LCR-OVX groups. Glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, and SPA were measured before and 4 wk after surgery, while body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and adipose tissue distribution, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle phenotype, hepatic lipid content, insulin resistance via homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance and AdipoIR, and blood lipids were assessed at death. Remarkably, HCR were protected from OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance, observed only in LCR. HCR rats were ∼30% smaller, had ∼70% greater spontaneous physical activity (SPA), consumed ∼10% more relative energy, had greater skeletal muscle proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha, and ∼40% more BAT. OVX did not increase energy intake and reduced SPA to the same extent in both HCR and LCR. LCR were particularly affected by an OVX-associated reduction in resting energy expenditure and experienced a reduction in relative BAT; resting energy expenditure correlated positively with BAT across all animals ( r = 0.6; P < 0.001). In conclusion, despite reduced SPA following OVX, high intrinsic aerobic fitness protects against OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance. The mechanism may involve preservation of resting energy expenditure.

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Total Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Measured with the Bicarbonate-Urea Method in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0910241 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 241-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

N. I. J. Paton ◽

M. Elia ◽

S. A. Jebb ◽

G. Jennings ◽

D. C. MacAllan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Total Energy ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

Activity Level ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Urea Method ◽

Resting Energy

1. Our objectives were to measure total energy expenditure, the daily variation in total energy expenditure and the physical activity level in a group of HIV-positive subjects using the bicarbonate-urea method. The study also aimed to assess the practicalities of using the bicarbonate-urea technique in free-living conditions. 2. Total energy expenditure was measured with the bicarbonate-urea method over 2 consecutive days (1 day in one subject) in 10 male patients with HIV infection (median CD4 count = 30). Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Physical activity level (total energy expenditure/resting energy expenditure) was calculated from these measurements and from activity diaries. 3. Resting energy expenditure was found to be 7.46 ± 0.87 MJ/day, 5% higher than predicted values. Total energy expenditure was 10.69 ± 1.95 MJ/day with an intra-individual day-to-day variation of 6 ± 6%. The measured physical activity level was 1.42 ± 0.14, higher than the diary estimate of 1.34 ± 0.16 (P = 0.029), and there were large inter-method differences in individual values. The subcutaneous infusion of bicarbonate was well tolerated and did not seem to restrict normal activities. 4. Total energy expenditure was not elevated in the group of HIV-positive subjects when compared with reference values for normal subjects. The physical activity level of the patients in this study was lower than that measured using other techniques in healthy young men, but was compatible with that expected for people leading a sedentary lifestyle. Reductions in physical activity in patients with HIV are likely to contribute to the wasting process and physical activity level may thus be a clinically useful measure. This study has also provided the first tracer estimate of the day-to-day variation in total energy expenditure. The bicarbonate-urea method represents an important new investigative tool for measuring total energy expenditure which has previously only been possible within the confines of a whole-body calorimeter or using the expensive doubly labelled water method.

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