scholarly journals Energy Metabolism in Relation to Diet and Physical Activity: A South Asian Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Narsito Wulan ◽  
Qaisar Raza ◽  
Hera Sisca Pramita ◽  
Erryana Martati ◽  
Jaya Mahar Maligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Resting Energy

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide not only in Western countries but also in Asian countries. Among Asian countries, South Asian countries experience the rapid increase of overweight and obesity that co-exist with the rapid increase of obesity-related non communicable diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular. The phenomena in South Asian countries are triggered by growth in population size, population aging, urbanization and changes in lifestyle including increases in energy intake and reductions in physical activity. The imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure leads to the development of positive energy balance, which over the time acumulate in a higher body fat. South Asians were reported to have a more unfavorable body composition with a higher body fat percentage as compared to BMI-matched Caucasians. The differences in body composition between South Asians and Caucasians contribute to differences in resting energy expenditure, in which South Asians have a lower resting energy expenditure as compared to BMI-matched Caucasians. Resting energy expenditure is the largest component of daily total energy expenditure, and therefore play an important role in determining the energy balance between energy intake and expenditure.

scholarly journals Energy Metabolism in Relation to Diet and Physical Activity: A South Asian Perspective

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3776
Author(s):  
Siti N. Wulan ◽  
Qaisar Raza ◽  
Hera S. Prasmita ◽  
Erryana Martati ◽  
Jaya M. Maligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Resting Energy

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise around the world, not only in the West, but also in Asian countries. South Asian countries in particular are experiencing a rapid increase in overweight and obesity, that coexists with the rapid increase in non-communicable diseases linked to obesity such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease than any other country in Asia. The phenomena observed in South Asian countries are due to the size of the population, the ageing of the population, the high degree of urbanization and the lifestyle changes in favor of increased energy consumption and reduced physical activity. The imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure results in the development of a positive energy balance that, over time, accumulates in higher body fat. South Asians were reported to have a more unfavorable body composition with a higher percentage of body fat than Caucasians with an equivalent BMI. Body composition is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. It has been reported that South Asians have a lower resting energy expenditure than Caucasians with the same BMI. Resting energy expenditure accounts for the majority of total daily energy expenditure and, therefore, plays a crucial role in achieving the balance between energy intake and expenditure.

scholarly journals Physical activity and energy balance

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen A. Van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractEnergy expenditure rises above resting energy expenditure when physical activity is performed. The activity-induced energy expenditure varies with the muscle mass involved and the intensity at which the activity is performed: it ranges between 2 and 18 METs approximately. Differences in duration, frequency and intensity of physical activities may create considerable variations in total energy expenditure. The Physical Activity Level (= total energy expenditure divided by resting energy expenditure) varies between 1.2 and 2.2–2.5 in healthy adults. Increases in activity-induced energy expenditure have been shown to result in increases in total energy expenditure, which are usually greater than the increase in activity-induced energy expenditure itself. No evidence for increased spontaneous physical activity, measured by diary, interview or accelerometer, was found. However, this does not exclude increased physical activity that can not be measured by these methods. Part of the difference may also be explained by the post-exercise elevation of metabolic rate.If changes in the level of physical activity affect energy balance, this should result in changes in body mass or body composition. Modest decreases of body mass and fat mass are found in response to increases in physical activity, induced by exercise training, which are usually smaller than predicted from the increase in energy expenditure. This indicates that the training-induced increase in total energy expenditure is at least partly compensated for by an increase in energy intake. There is some evidence that the coupling between energy expenditure and energy intake is less at low levels of physical activity. Increasing the level of physical activity for weight loss may therefore be most effective in the most sedentary individuals.

scholarly journals Prospective Changes in Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Resting Energy Expenditure during Pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Hagobian ◽  
Alyssa D’Amico ◽  
Camille Vranna ◽  
Anna Brannen ◽  
Suzanne Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Health ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Resting Energy

Background and Purpose: Prenatal changes in energy intake (EI), physical activity (PA), and resting energy expenditure (REE) are important determinants of future health and obesity outcomes. This study examined changes in EI, PA and REE in 16 adult, pregnant women (75% Normal-weight, 15% overweight/obese) early in pregnancy (

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON BODY COMPOSITION AND RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN COLLEGE WOMEN

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-608
Author(s):  
YOSHINOBU MATSUMOTO ◽  
FUMIE HIRAKAWA ◽  
AKIFUMI ONO ◽  
SYUJI MATSUEDA ◽  
TETSURO MORITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
College Women ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy

scholarly journals Pre‐pregnancy BMI, physical activity and resting energy expenditure predicts body composition in pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatheema Begum ◽  
Ian Colman ◽  
Linda McCargar ◽  
Rhonda C Bell ◽  
APrON Study Team
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Resting Energy

scholarly journals The Diagnostic-Measurement Method—Resting Energy Expenditure Assessment of Polish Children Practicing Football

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Edyta Łuszczki ◽  
Anna Bartosiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Maciej Kuchciak ◽  
Łukasz Oleksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitor ◽  
Resting Energy

Establishing the amount of energy needed to cover the energy demand of children doing sport training and thus ensuring they achieve an even energy balance requires the resting energy expenditure (REE) to be estimated. One of the methods that measures REE is the indirect calorimetry method, which may be influenced by many factors, including body composition, gender, age, height or blood pressure. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the resting energy expenditure of children regularly playing football and selected factors that influence the REE in this group. The study was conducted among 219 children aged 9 to 17 using a calorimeter, a device used to assess body composition by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of segment analyzer and a blood pressure monitor. The results of REE obtained by indirect calorimetry were compared with the results calculated using the ready-to-use formula, the Harris Benedict formula. The results showed a significant correlation of girls’ resting energy expenditure with muscle mass and body height, while boys’ resting energy expenditure was correlated with muscle mass and body water content. The value of the REE was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) than the value of the basal metabolic rate calculated by means of Harris Benedict formula. The obtained results can be a worthwhile suggestion for specialists dealing with energy demand planning in children, especially among those who are physically active to achieve optimal sporting successes ensuring proper functioning of their body.

scholarly journals Female rats selectively bred for high intrinsic aerobic fitness are protected from ovariectomy-associated metabolic dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. R530-R542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Vieira-Potter ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Young-Min Park ◽  
Rebecca J. Welly ◽  
Rebecca J. Scroggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Spontaneous Physical Activity ◽  
Resting Energy

Ovariectomized rodents model human menopause in that they rapidly gain weight, reduce spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and develop metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance. How contrasting aerobic fitness levels impacts ovariectomy (OVX)-associated metabolic dysfunction is not known. Female rats selectively bred for high and low intrinsic aerobic fitness [high-capacity runners (HCR) and low-capacity runners (LCR), respectively] were maintained under sedentary conditions for 39 wk. Midway through the observation period, OVX or sham (SHM) operations were performed providing HCR-SHM, HCR-OVX, LCR-SHM, and LCR-OVX groups. Glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, and SPA were measured before and 4 wk after surgery, while body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and adipose tissue distribution, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle phenotype, hepatic lipid content, insulin resistance via homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance and AdipoIR, and blood lipids were assessed at death. Remarkably, HCR were protected from OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance, observed only in LCR. HCR rats were ∼30% smaller, had ∼70% greater spontaneous physical activity (SPA), consumed ∼10% more relative energy, had greater skeletal muscle proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha, and ∼40% more BAT. OVX did not increase energy intake and reduced SPA to the same extent in both HCR and LCR. LCR were particularly affected by an OVX-associated reduction in resting energy expenditure and experienced a reduction in relative BAT; resting energy expenditure correlated positively with BAT across all animals ( r = 0.6; P < 0.001). In conclusion, despite reduced SPA following OVX, high intrinsic aerobic fitness protects against OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance. The mechanism may involve preservation of resting energy expenditure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document