scholarly journals Description of the adult mosquito, Culiseta (Culicella) nipponica

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
K. Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mosquito

scholarly journals Efficacy of Petiveria Alliacea (Linneaus) leaf and root bark powder in the control of filariasis vector Culex Quinquefasciatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Olarewaju Akintan ◽  
Joseph Onaolapo Akinneye ◽  
Oluwatosin Betty Ilelakinwa
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Petiveria Alliacea ◽  
Feeding Activities

Abstract Background Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever, and dengue fever among others. They are well known as public enemies for their noise nuisance, biting annoyance, sleeplessness, allergic reactions, and diseases transmission during the biting and feeding activities. This then necessitate the search for insecticides of plant origin which are bio-degradable, non-toxic, and readily available for man use. Result This study, evaluated the fumigant efficacy of the powder of P. alliacea to control the adult stage of Culex mosquito. Powder of Petiveria alliacea were administered at different dose of (1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, and 5 g), respectively. Result obtained shows the fumigant effect of the powder were effective with percentage mortality of 18.33–60.00% for the leaf powder and 23.30–71.60% for the root powder within 2 h post-treatment period (P < 0.05). The synergistic effect of the leaf and root powder was also investigated. The lethal dosage (LD50) of the leaf, root, and synergistic effect of leaf and root bark powder required to kill 50% of the adult Culex quinquefasciatus was 3.76 g, 2.86 g, and 2.63 g, respectively. However, 25.06 g, 15.25 g, and 12.94 g of the leaf, root, and leaf and root powder were required to kill 90% (LD90) after a 2-h exposure period. Conclusion These finding suggested P. alliacea powder could be a good source of insecticide which may be used for the production of biopesticides. The present findings have important implications in the practical control of adult mosquito by using botanical insecticides. These plant powders are easy to prepare, inexpensive, and safe for use in mosquito control.

Maintenance of Adult Mosquito Tissue in a Tissue-Culture Medium

Nature ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 177 (4507) ◽  
pp. 534-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. BECKEL
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Tissue Culture Medium ◽  
Adult Mosquito

scholarly journals The impact of transfluthrin on the spatial repellency of the primary malaria mosquito vectors in Vietnam: Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Martin ◽  
Vu S. Nam ◽  
Andrew A. Lover ◽  
Tran V. Phong ◽  
Tran C. Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Anopheles Dirus ◽  
Anopheles Minimus ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spatial Repellency

Abstract Background The complexity of mosquito-borne diseases poses a major challenge to global health efforts to mitigate their impact on people residing in sub-tropical and tropical regions, to travellers and deployed military personnel. To supplement drug- and vaccine-based disease control programmes, other strategies are urgently needed, including the direct control of disease vectors. Modern vector control research generally focuses on identifying novel active ingredients and/or innovative methods to reduce human-mosquito interactions. These efforts include the evaluation of spatial repellents, which are compounds capable of altering mosquito feeding behaviour without direct contact with the chemical source. Methods This project examined the impact of airborne transfluthrin from impregnated textile materials on two important malaria vectors, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus. Repellency was measured by movement within taxis cages within a semi-field environment at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Hanoi, Vietnam. Knockdown and mortality were measured in adult mosquito bioassay cages. Metered-volume air samples were collected at a sub-set of points in the mosquito exposure trial. Results Significant differences in knockdown/mortality were observed along a gradient from the exposure source with higher rates of knockdown/mortality at 2 m and 4 m when compared with the furthest distance (16 m). Knockdown/mortality was also greater at floor level and 1.5 m when compared to 3 m above the floor. Repellency was not significantly different except when comparing 2 m and 16 m taxis cages. Importantly, the two species reacted differently to transfluthrin, with An. minimus being more susceptible to knockdown and mortality. The measured concentrations of airborne transfluthrin ranged from below the limit of detection to 1.32 ng/L, however there were a limited number of evaluable samples complicating interpretation of these results. Conclusions This study, measuring repellency, knockdown and mortality in two malaria vectors in Vietnam demonstrates that both species are sensitive to airborne transfluthrin. The differences in magnitude of response between the two species requires further study before use in large-scale vector control programmes to delineate how spatial repellency would impact the development of insecticide resistance and the disruption of biting behaviour.

scholarly journals Identification of Primary Container of Aedes Mosquitoes Breeding Site in Urban Region of Dengue Endemic Area, Purwokerto Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti ◽  
Devi Octaviana ◽  
Sri Nurlaela
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Dengue Prevention

Dengue prevention and control more reliant on reducing its vector,  Aedes sp. mosquitoes by mosquito breeding nest eradication method. Therefore, identification of the primary container of the Aedes sp. breeding site particularly in the urban region of dengue-endemic area is a crucial effort to conduct an effective dengue prevention program. This research aimed to identify the primary container of the Aedes sp. breeding site in the urban region of the dengue-endemic area. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, located in an urban region of dengue-endemic area within Banyumas Regency of Central Java Indonesia. A total of 300 houses in three urban areas were observed in urban areas of Purwokerto namely Arcawinangun, Purwanegara, and Karangpucung (100 houses each area). A total of 1504 water-holding containers were observed. All container was observed and recorded the type, color, lid condition, position, and the presence of mosquito larvae. The analysis was conducted by calculating the percentage of types, color, lid condition, and position of the container also the presence of mosquito larvae. The result of this study highlighted that flower pots and bathtubs were the primary types of containers with Aedes sp. larvae in the urban area. The characteristics of larvae-positive containers mostly open, bright, and located indoor position. Dengue prevention efforts by targeting the primary types of containers for mosquito breeding are expected to reduce the adult mosquito population.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽  
Lulus Susanti ◽  
Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽  
Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽  
Dwi Susilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupal collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larval collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used, including morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between either any methods or the incidence.ConclusionsThere was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.

scholarly journals KEPADATAN NYAMUK DEWASA Aedes Sp DI KELURAHAN MALALAYANG I KECAMATAN MALALAYANG MANADO PERIODE JANUARI – PEBRUARI 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Victor D. Pijoh ◽  
Venny Kareth
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Culex Sp

Abstract: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has become a public health problem in Indonesia because of its high prevalence and ability to spread more widely. In North Sulawesi itself Case Fatality Rate of carrying dengue is increasing from year to year. The local village Malalayang has a high potential for spreading this disease. The result of an  entomology survey on adult mosquitos showed that Aedes sp was found in 40 houses of 80 house samples. From these 40 houses we got 71 mosquito samples. From these 71 samples tested and identified, we found three species: Aedes aegypti (30 samples, 42.25%), Aedes albopictus (22 samples, 30.99%), and Culex sp (19 samples, 26.76%). Mosquito density can be seen from the indices of the resting rates, which were 0.375 for Aedes aegypti, 0.275 for Aedes albopictus, and 0.65 for Aedes sp. Key words: density, adult mosquito, Aedes sp., resting rate.   Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena prevalensinya yang tinggi dan penyebarannya semakin luas. Di Sulawesi Utara, Case Fatality Rate penyakit DBD tercatat terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kelurahan Malalayang I merupakan daerah yang potensial sebagai daerah penyebaran DBD. Survei entomologi terhadap nyamuk dewasa Aedes sp pada 80 rumah  memperlihatkan bahwa 40 diantaranya terdapat 71 sampel nyamuk. Setelah diperiksa dan diidentifikasi ternyata ditemukan tiga spesies yaitu Aedes aegypti 30 sampel (42,25%), Aedes albopictus 22 sampel (30,99%) dan Culex sp 19 (26,76%). Kepadatan nyamuk  dapat dilihat  dari angka indeks  pada resting rate yaitu Aedes aegypti = 0,375 , Aedes albopictus = 0,275 dan  Aedes sp.= 0,65. Kata kunci:  kepadatan, nyamuk dewasa, Aedes sp., resting rate.

scholarly journals Entomological Status Based on Vector Density Index and Transovarial Infection on Aedes Sp. Mosquito in Meteseh Village, Semarang City

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 12016
Author(s):  
Martini Martini ◽  
Zufri Armen ◽  
Kusariana Nissa ◽  
Hestiningsih Retno ◽  
Yuliawati Sri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Descriptive Method

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by Dengue virus. In 2016, the number of DHF patients in areas of Health services of Rowosari was 247 cases, IR 289.6/100.000 populations and the highest number of the patients was from Meteseh Village. The most usual mechanism happened in the vertical transmission, transovarial infection, from adult mosquito to the egg. The study was conducted to describe of entomological status of House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), Breteau Index (BI), House index (HI), Ovitrap Index (OI) of larvae as well as transovarial infection in Aedes sp. The research method was descriptive method by conducting test to the entomology status of DHF incidence. Based on the survey in Meteseh sub-village (XVI), a result found that average House Index 8.99%, Container Index 2.88%, Breteau Index 16.40%, HI 8,99 Ovitrap Index 35.46% with the egg density at 1.023 eggs. The identified mosquitoes were 30, and from the identification result of Aedes sp., two Aedes species were found, 28 Aedes aegypti,and only 2 Aedes albopictus. The transovarial infection in Aedes sp. using ELISA method was found 6 mosquito samples which were positive of dengue virus, with the detail in neighborhood 01 (1 sample), neighborhood 02 (2 samples), neighborhood 03 (3 samples). DHF in Meteseh Sub village in Semarang City was probably happened because correlated with transovarial infection.

Bionomics of Anopheles Arabiensis from Mamfene in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa): An Area of High Malaria Transmission in the Province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Maharaj ◽  
Vishan Lakan ◽  
Kiash Maharaj
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Larval Control ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Although great strides have been made in controlling malaria, the disease is of significant public health importance. Historically, efforts to control the vector has concentrated on adult vector control targeting the female Anopheles mosquitoes. As there is now a focus on eliminating residual malaria from KwaZulu-Natal, new strategies are being investigated to increase the impact of malaria elimination strategies. Greater attention is now being given to larval control, as a complementary measure to indoor residual spraying. However, there is a large gap in knowledge of the bionomics of the larval stages of this mosquito vector of malaria in South Africa. In order to focus on both larval and adult mosquito control methods, larval development and the reproductive stages of the vector were investigated since these variables influences our ability to impact mosquito populations through larval control. This study was therefore conducted to determine the peak eruption times and the emergent sex ratios, as well as the peak egg oviposition time in order to attack the mosquito when it is at its most vulnerable and when control interventions will have the most impact.Results: Oviposition studies showed two peaks corresponding with late evening and again just before dawn. Most eggs were also laid in the first half of the night (18h00 – midnight). Most mosquitoes erupted just after sunset and the sex ratios showed that twice as many females as males emerged. Females readily took a bloodmeal after oviposition or just after erupting. Hatch rate to viable first instar larvae was 74.5%.Conclusions: The results of this study have provided information as to when interventions would be most effective in controlling mosquito populations and have provided information that highlights the value of larval control as a complementary measure to adult mosquito control. The most vulnerable stages of the female Anopheles arabiensis are when they have just emerged or when they have just oviposited. Vector control strategies should be designed to target these vulnerable stages at the breeding sites in order to have maximum impact.

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